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Process Parameters Used in Macro/Micro Powder Injection Molding: An Overview
Al Basir,Abu Bakar Sulong,Nashrah Hani Jamadon,Norhamidi Muhamad,Ukwueze Bonaventure Emeka 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.7
Powder injection molding (PIM) is a well-known manufacturing technique for the production of complex, net-shaped macroparts using a broad range of materials and alloys. Eventually, the PIM method has been modifed into micro-powder injectionmolding (μPIM) because of the increasing demand of micro-parts in global market. Now-a-days PIM and μPIM processesare extensively using to fabricate components for electronic, automobile, and biomedical felds. In this paper, the importantprocess parameters that had been used to fabricate defect-free macro and micro-sized parts of diferent metals, ceramics,and alloys using the above-mentioned techniques have been reviewed. This article is enclosed with a brief discussion onthe future research guidelines addressing diferent aspects related to the two-component macro and micro powder injectionmolding. This paper could be a worthy source for those investigators who aim to work on PIM and μPIM technology.
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Ibraheem Zaid O.,Farhan Sinan Subhi,Al Sumaidaee Ajwad,Al sufi Layth,Bashir Anas,Balwa Anmar,Basir Rusliza 한국독성학회 2021 Toxicological Research Vol.37 No.2
Metabolic syndrome is one of the major risk factors that lead to various serious complications like cardiovascular abnormalities, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Its co-incidence with other organs dysfunction results in further deterioration of the condition or precipitation of other dysfunctions. This study aimed at studying the changes in the hepatic functions after the co-incidence of the high fat or fructose diets induced metabolic syndrome along with the gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Briefly, six groups of male Sprague Daley rats (n = 10–12) were fed with different feeding protocols; viz; standard rodent’s chow, an experimental high fat or high fructose diets feedings. For each, two groups were allocated that one of them was injected with normal saline and the other with 80 mg/kg/day I.P gentamicin during the last 24 days of the feeding period. The rats were monitored for changes in the metabolic data, glycemic control, lipid profile, renal and hepatic functions, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The study revealed stronger hepatic changes in the renal failure groups fed with the high fat diet rather than that in the groups fed with the high fructose diet. Although, the latter experienced a stronger deterioration in the glycemic control. The study suggests that the incidence of the hepatic changes is more linked to the incidence of the deterioration in the lipids profile that was observed after the high fat diet feeding. Overall, the co-incidence of the high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome along with the renal failure constitutes a risk factor for the hepatic dysfunction.
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