Synthesis and characterization of a new polymeric surfactant for chemical enhanced oil recovery

Ajay Mandal,Keshak Babu,Nilanjan Pal,Vinod Kumar Saxena 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2

Chemical enhanced oil recovery methods are field proven techniques that improve efficiency and effectiveness of oil recovery. We have synthesized polymeric surfactant from vegetable oil (castor oil) for application in chemical enhanced oil recovery. First, an eco-friendly surfactant, sodium methyl ester sulfonate (SMES) was synthesized from castor oil, and then the polymeric surfactant (PMES) was produced by graft co-polymerization reaction using different surfactant to acrylamide ratios. The synthesized PMES was characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, TGA, DLS analysis. The performance of PMES as a chemical agent for enhanced oil recovery was studied by measuring the interfacial tension (IFT) between crude oil and PMES solution, rheological behavior and contact angle against sandstone surface. Addition of sodium chloride in PMES solution reduced the IFT to an ultra-low value (2.0×10−3mN/m). Core flooding experiments were conducted in sandpack system, and 26.5%, 27.8% and 29.1% additional recovery of original oil in place (OOIP) was obtained for 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7mass% of PMES solutions, respectively, after conventional water flooding.

Promoting effect of Al2O3/ZnO-based nanofluids stabilized by SDS surfactant on CH4+C2H6+C3H8 hydrate formation

Himangshu Kakati,Ajay Mandal,Sukumar Laik 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.35 No.-

The transportation and storage of gas in a safe, efficient and cost-effective manner is always a challenge. Gas hydrate has been considered as a good alternative for storage and transportation media of naturalgas. But the main disadvantage of this method is the slow rate of hydrate formation. Therefore, for large-scale industrial application purposes, the present investigation focuses on increasing the rate of hydrateformation and amount of gas consumed by adding aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and zinc oxide (ZnO)nanoparticle to water. Three different concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 0.8% (wt)) of nanoparticles in aqueoussolution have been studied to know their effect on the kinetics of CH4 + C2H6 + C3H8 hydrate formation. To stabilize the prepared solution, 0.03% (wt) SDS has been added to the aqueous solution. The resultsshow that addition of both the nanoparticles increases the gas consumption rate and amount of gasconsumed. The amount of gas consumed in presence of both the nanoparticle increases by almost 121%compared with that of pure water system. The storage capacity also increases with the addition of bothnanoparticles. Induction time and hydrate growth rate have also been discussed.

Improvement of Welding Performance on Mild Steel by a Hybrid TIG-MAG Welding Technique

Deepak Kumar,Ajay Biswas,Apurba Mandal,Rajesh Kumar 한국강구조학회 2023 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.23 No.4

Rapid and effective ‘TIG-MAG hybrid welding (TMHW)’ technique overcomes the disadvantages associated with traditional welding setups. This research aims to study how different welding parameters affect the appearance of TMHW weld bead geometry (WBG). The study compares the penetration, reinforcement, and weld bead width of TMHW with metal active gas welding (MAGW). The results show that TMHW yields higher penetration and weld bead width with less reinforcement height than MAGW. Microhardness analysis revealed a subtle variation in the microhardness with regard to the heat input conditions and direction from the weld zone. TMHW produces slightly more microhardness in the weld zone. However, no discernible increase in microhardness was observed. The morphological analysis shows that TMHW causes a coarsening of the grains and a weakening of the Widmanstatten structure (WS) compared to MAGW. Grey-based Taguchi optimisation analysis was conducted to determine the best welding parameters for improved welding performance. The polynomial regression analysis determines the relationship between three welding parameters and WBG. The weld toe geometry has also been examined to provide a reference for future studies regarding fatigue. The findings suggest that TMHW with vertical torches can enhance penetration and reduce reinforcement, making it a viable alternative to conventional welding setups for improving welding performance on mild steel (MS) A-2062.

Optimal synthesis, characterization and antifouling performance of Pluronic F127/bentonite-based super-hydrophilic polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membrane for enhanced oilfield produced water treatment

Tausif Ahmad,Chandan Guria,Ajay Mandal 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.90 No.-

Pluronic F127 (PF127-) and PF127/bentonite-blended PVC ultrafiltration membranes are prepared in saltcoagulation baths involving NaCl, KCl, NH4Cl, MgCl2 and CaCl2. Saturated KCl-coagulation bath deliverssuper-hydrophilic membrane with improved surface-porosity (10.64 %), pore density (49.26 mm 2),roughness (51.12 nm) and hydrophilicity (contact angle <10 ), which endows remarkable enhancementof pure waterflux at 100 kPa (i.e., 1610.0 Lm 2 h-1) and antifouling performance (flux recovery ratio: 75.8%). Membrane performance is further improved by maximizing permeateflux and oil rejectionsimultaneously for actual oilfield produced water treatment using PVC-, PF127- and bentonite-loading,feed pH and feed temperature as decision variables and Pareto-optimal solution is obtained.

Synthesis and evaluation of physicochemical properties of anionic polymeric surfactant derived from Jatropha oil for application in enhanced oil recovery

Sudhir Kumar,Neha Saxena,Ajay Mandal 한국공업화학회 2016 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.43 No.-

In this study an attention has been paid to synthesize polymer grafted anionic surfactant (PMES) derivedfrom nonedible vegetable oil (Jatropha) for its application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The polymericsurfactant was prepared by reacting acrylamide monomer with methyl ester sulfonate (MES) synthesizedfrom Jatropha oil by free radical polymerization mechanism. Polymeric surfactant with properties of bothsurfactant and polymer can control the mobility ratio and reduce interfacial tension (IFT), which aredesirable for EOR. The synthesized polymeric surfactant was characterized through FTIR, 1H NMR, FESEM,EDX, TGA, DLS analysis. The effectiveness of PMES for chemically enhanced oil recovery process wasinvestigated by measurement of physiochemical properties of its aqueous solution viz. reduction of IFT,wettability alteration and rheological behaviour. Rheological studies shows shear thinning behaviourwith apparent viscosity comparable to conventional polymers. The IFT between crude oil and aqueousPMES solution at its critical micelle concentration (CMC) was observed as 2.74 mN/m, which was furtherreduced to 0.37 mN/m on addition of 2.5 wt% NaCl. Coreflooding experiments were conducted insandpack system, to study the EOR efficiency using the synthesized polymeric surfactant and more than26% additional recovery was observed after usual waterflooding. Higher recoveries at highertemperature were observed because of swelling of crude oil and lowering of IFT.

Mechanistic studies of enhanced oil recovery by imidazolium-based ionic liquids as novel surfactants

Prathibha Pillai,Amit Kumar,Ajay Mandal 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.63 No.-

Ionic liquids are recently considered as an alternation to surfactants for their application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) because of their promising surface-active properties. In the present study, the ability of a series of synthesized ionic liquids (C8mimBF4, C10mimBF4 and C12mimBF4) to reduce interfacial tension (IFT) and change the wettability of oil-wet rock have been investigated. Results demonstrated that all three synthesized ionic liquids enhanced interfacial properties and rock-wetting characteristics. The ionic liquids were able to significantly reduce IFT and remained stable at high temperature and saline conditions. Addition of organic alkali also showed a synergistic effect on IFT reduction between crude oil and ionic liquid solution. FTIR and zeta potential measurements were conducted to establish the mechanism of wettability alteration of oil-wet rock. Emulsification tests confirmed the capability of the ionic liquids to emulsify the trapped oil, which is an important mechanism of chemical EOR. The loss of ionic liquids by adsorption on rock surface was studied, and the adsorption data were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Microemulsion study showed Winsor type III behavior with ultra-low IFT, which is beneficial for EOR application. Sand pack flooding experiments were conducted to study the EOR efficiency using the synthesized ionic liquids and around 32.28% additional recovery was observed after the conventional water flooding with injection of ionic liquid, polymer and alkali slugs.

Characterization of SPN Pickering emulsions for application in enhanced oil recovery

Narendra Kumar,Tushar Gaur,Ajay Mandal 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.54 No.-

Emulsion, stabilized by solid particles that get adsorb on to the surface of the interface is known as Pickering emulsion, which has potential application in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In present study, a stable oil-in-water surfactant–polymer–nanoparticle (SPN) Pickering emulsion has been formulated using light mineral oil, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and silica nanoparticles (SiO2) in presence of anionic surfactant, for use in EOR. The nanoparticles (NPs) show synergetic effect in presence of surfactant and polymer thus prevents the droplets from coalescence and lowers the interfacial tension (IFT) at the oil–water interface. The emulsion was characterized in terms of particle size, creaming behavior and zeta potential measurements. The viscosity remains stable in wide range temperature (30– 100 C) indicating thermal stability of the Pickering emulsion. The emulsion exhibits pseudo-plastic behavior in wide range of shear rate (1–1000 s1). The investigation of viscoelastic properties (G0 and G00) of the Pickering emulsion as a function of pressure (0–5 MPa) and temperature (30–100 C) shows a stable value of G00 indicating better flow ability of the emulsion. The emulsions show viscous behavior below the specific frequency (SF) indicated by the crossing point between G0 and G00 on the viscoelastic curve and elastic behavior above the SF. Flooding experiment was conducted on sand pack system to study the efficiency of Pickering emulsion in EOR and additional recovery of more than 24% was observed after conventional water flooding.

Recent Advancements in Additive Manufacturing (AM) Techniques: A Forward-Looking Review

Netrapal Singh,Hafsa Siddiqui,Bhavani Srinivas Rao Koyalada,Ajay Mandal,Viplov Chauhan,Sathish Natarajan,Satendra Kumar,Manoj Goswami,Surender Kumar 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.8

We witness noteworthy developments in multifunctional materials progress through additive manufacturing techniques,enhanced by the revolution of Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things. Still, in specific circumstances, the performance of usedmaterials is sometimes limited. Among the various existing techniques, the additive manufacturing (AM) process has gainedmuch popularity over the last two decades and is one of the most revolutionary manufacturing techniques. In this comprehensivereview, we have addressed the fundamentals of various Additive Manufacturing processes, including binder jetting,fused deposition modelling, Stereolithography, selective laser sintering/melting, direct energy deposition. Furthermore, recentadvancements and emerging new technology in AM domain named electrochemical additive manufacturing is highlightedin this review as a major part. These processes’ capabilities, advantages, limitations, and applications are also discussed. Inthe concluding sections of this work, future trends are offered and discussed.