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Surface acoustic wave driven quantized current transport
F.J.Ahlers,J.Ebbecke,N.E.Fletcher,T.J.B.M.Janssen 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.5
The piezoelectric potential of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) can drive carriers in a semiconductor device over macroscopic distances. An application where optically generated electron-hole pairs are separated, transported and deliberately recombined was demonstrated a few years ago [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 (1997) 4099]. Also around that time it was shown that the longitudinal con-nement provided by the potential minima of a SAW travelling along a one-dimensional channel may combine with the lateralchannel connement to form moving quantum dots with a well dened numbern of electrons in each dot [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter8 (1996) L531]. This gives rise to a quantized currentI ¼ n .e.f. This dynamic version of the Single Electron Tunneling operates atGHz frequencies and delivers currents in the nA range. The obvious application of the eect is in basic metrology, where it wouldenable the so called ‘Electrical Triangle’ experiment which combines Josephson eect, quantum Hall eect and a quantized currentto check the relationðh=2e2Þ.e ¼ h=2e self consistently. This paper reviews the experimental work on SAW driven currents and indetail the work done at the PTB, Germany, and NPL, UK, as well as suggested applications in other areas like single-photongeneration [Phys. Rev. A 58 (1998) R2680], quantized charge pumping through carbon nanotubes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001)276802] or quantum computing [Phys. Rev. B62 (2000) 8410].
SEARCH FOR PROMPT NEUTRINO EMISSION FROM GAMMA-RAY BURSTS WITH ICECUBE
Aartsen, M. G.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J. A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Anderson, T.,Arguelles, C.,Arlen, T. C.,Auffenberg, J.,Bai, X.,Barwick, S. W.,Baum, V.,Bay, R.,Beatty, J. J.,Tju IOP Publishing 2015 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.805 No.1
<P>We present constraints derived from a search of four years of IceCube data for a prompt neutrino flux from gammaray bursts (GRBs). A single low-significance neutrino, compatible with the atmospheric neutrino background, was found in coincidence with one of the 506 observed bursts. Although GRBs have been proposed as candidate sources for ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, our limits on the neutrino flux disfavor much of the parameter space for the latest models. We also find that no more than similar to 1% of the recently observed astrophysical neutrino flux consists of prompt emission from GRBs that are potentially observable by existing satellites.</P>
Evidence for Astrophysical Muon Neutrinos from the Northern Sky with IceCube
Aartsen, M. G.,Abraham, K.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J. A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Anderson, T.,Archinger, M.,Arguelles, C.,Arlen, T. C.,Auffenberg, J.,Bai, X.,Barwick, S. W.,Baum, V. American Physical Society 2015 Physical Review Letters Vol.115 No.8
THE DETECTION OF A SN IIn IN OPTICAL FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF ICECUBE NEUTRINO EVENTS
Aartsen, M. G.,Abraham, K.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J. A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Anderson, T.,Archinger, M.,Arguelles, C.,Arlen, T. C.,Auffenberg, J.,Bai, X.,Barwick, S. W.,Baum, V. IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.811 No.1
<P>The IceCube neutrino observatory pursues a follow-up program selecting interesting neutrino events in real-time and issuing alerts for electromagnetic follow-up observations. In 2012 March, the most significant neutrino alert during the first three years of operation was issued by IceCube. In the follow-up observations performed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) PTF12csy was found 0.degrees 2 away from the neutrino alert direction, with an error radius of 0.degrees 54. It has a redshift of z = 0.0684, corresponding to a luminosity distance of about 300 Mpc and the Pan-STARRS1 survey shows that its explosion time was at least 158 days (in host galaxy rest frame) before the neutrino alert, so that a causal connection is unlikely. The a posteriori significance of the chance detection of both the neutrinos and the SN at any epoch is 2.2 sigma within IceCube's 2011/12 data acquisition season. Also, a complementary neutrino analysis reveals no long-term signal over the course of one year. Therefore, we consider the SN detection coincidental and the neutrinos uncorrelated to the SN. However, the SN is unusual and interesting by itself: it is luminous and energetic, bearing strong resemblance to the SN IIn 2010jl, and shows signs of interaction of the SN ejecta with a dense circumstellar medium. High-energy neutrino emission is expected in models of diffusive shock acceleration, but at a low, non-detectable level for this specific SN. In this paper, we describe the SN PTF12csy and present both the neutrino and electromagnetic data, as well as their analysis.</P>
SEARCHES FOR EXTENDED AND POINT-LIKE NEUTRINO SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA
Aartsen, M. G.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J. A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Anderson, T.,Arguelles, C.,Arlen, T. C.,Auffenberg, J.,Bai, X.,Barwick, S. W.,Baum, V.,Beatty, J. J.,Tjus, J. Be IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.796 No.2
<P>We present results on searches for point-like sources of neutrinos using four years of IceCube data, including the first year of data from the completed 86 string detector. The total livetime of the combined data set is 1373 days. For an E-2 spectrum, the observed 90% C. L. flux upper limits are similar to 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) for energies between 1 TeV and 1 PeV in the northern sky and similar to 10(-11) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) for energies between 100 TeV and 100 PeV in the southern sky. This represents a 40% improvement compared to previous publications, resulting from both the additional year of data and the introduction of improved reconstructions. In addition, we present the first results from an all-sky search for extended sources of neutrinos. We update the results of searches for neutrino emission from stacked catalogs of sources and test five new catalogs; two of Galactic supernova remnants and three of active galactic nuclei. In all cases, the data are compatible with the background-only hypothesis, and upper limits on the flux of muon neutrinos are reported for the sources considered.</P>
Role of Blimp-1 in programing Th effector cells into IL-10 producers
Neumann, Christian,Heinrich, Frederik,Neumann, Katrin,Junghans, Victoria,Mashreghi, Mir-Farzin,Ahlers, Jonas,Janke, Marko,Rudolph, Christine,Mockel-Tenbrinck, Nadine,Kü,hl, Anja A.,Heimesaat, Ma The Rockefeller University Press 2014 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.211 No.9
<P>The transcriptional regulator Blimp-1 is absolutely required for IL-10 production in Th1 cells and limits inflammatory effector T cell responses downstream of IL-12 and IL-27.</P>
Astrophysical neutrinos and cosmic rays observed by IceCube
Aartsen, M.G.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J.A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Andeen, K.,Anderson, T.,Ansseau, I.,Anton, G.,Archinger, M.,Argü,elles, C.,Auffenberg, J.,Axani, S.,Bai, X.,Ba Elsevier 2018 ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH Vol.62 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The core mission of the IceCube neutrino observatory is to study the origin and propagation of cosmic rays. IceCube, with its surface component IceTop, observes multiple signatures to accomplish this mission. Most important are the astrophysical neutrinos that are produced in interactions of cosmic rays, close to their sources and in interstellar space. IceCube is the first instrument that measures the properties of this astrophysical neutrino flux and constrains its origin. In addition, the spectrum, composition, and anisotropy of the local cosmic-ray flux are obtained from measurements of atmospheric muons and showers. Here we provide an overview of recent findings from the analysis of IceCube data, and their implications to our understanding of cosmic rays.</P>
The IceCube realtime alert system
Aartsen, M.G.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J.A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Andeen, K.,Anderson, T.,Ansseau, I.,Anton, G.,Archinger, M.,Argü,elles, C.,Auffenberg, J.,Axani, S.,Bai, X.,Ba North-Holland 2017 Astroparticle physics Vol.92 No.-
<P>Although high-energy astrophysical neutrinos were discovered in 2013, their origin is still unknown. Aiming for the identification of an electromagnetic counterpart of a rapidly fading source, we have implemented a realtime analysis framework for the IceCube neutrino observatory. Several analyses selecting neutrinos of astrophysical origin are now operating in realtime at the detector site in Antarctica and are producing alerts for the community to enable rapid follow-up observations. The goal of these observations is to locate the astrophysical objects responsible for these neutrino signals. This paper highlights the infrastructure in place both at the South Pole site and at IceCube facilities in the north that have enabled this fast follow-up program to be implemented. Additionally, this paper presents the first realtime analyses to be activated within this framework, highlights their sensitivities to astrophysical neutrinos and background event rates, and presents an outlook for future discoveries. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>