Protocol-Aware Radio Frequency Jamming inWi-Fi and Commercial Wireless Networks

Hussain, Abid,Saqib, Nazar Abbas,Qamar, Usman,Zia, Muhammad,Mahmood, Hassan The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.4

Radio frequency (RF) jamming is a denial of service attack targeted at wireless networks. In resource-hungry scenarios with constant traffic demand, jamming can create connectivity problems and seriously affect communication. Therefore, the vulnerabilities of wireless networks must be studied. In this study, we investigate a particular type of RF jamming that exploits the semantics of physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. This can be extended to any wireless communication network whose protocol characteristics and operating frequencies are known to the attacker. We propose two efficient jamming techniques: A low-data-rate random jamming and a shot-noise based protocol-aware RF jamming. Both techniques use shot-noise pulses to disrupt ongoing transmission ensuring they are energy efficient, and they significantly reduce the detection probability of the jammer. Further, we derived the tight upper bound on the duration and the number of shot-noise pulses for Wi-Fi, GSM, and WiMax networks. The proposed model takes consider the channel access mechanism employed at the MAC layer, data transmission rate, PHY/MAC layer modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover, we analyze the effect of different packet sizes on the proposed jamming methodologies. The proposed jamming attack models have been experimentally evaluated for 802.11b networks on an actual testbed environment by transmitting data packets of varying sizes. The achieved results clearly demonstrate a considerable increase in the overall jamming efficiency of the proposed protocol-aware jammer in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy expenditure and detection probabilities over contemporary jamming methods provided in the literature.

Protocol-Aware Radio Frequency Jamming in Wi-Fi and Commercial Wireless Networks

Abid Hussain,Nazar A. Saqib,Usman Qamar,Muhammad Zia,Hassan Mahmood 한국통신학회 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.4

Radio frequency (RF) jamming is a denial of serviceattack targeted at wireless networks. In resource-hungry scenarioswith constant traffic demand, jamming can create connectivityproblems and seriously affect communication. Therefore, the vulnerabilitiesof wireless networks must be studied. In this study, weinvestigate a particular type of RF jamming that exploits the semanticsof physical (PHY) andmedium access control (MAC) layerprotocols. This can be extended to any wireless communication networkwhose protocol characteristics and operating frequencies areknown to the attacker. We propose two efficient jamming techniques:A low-data-rate random jamming and a shot-noise basedprotocol-aware RF jamming. Both techniques use shot-noise pulsesto disrupt ongoing transmission ensuring they are energy efficient,and they significantly reduce the detection probability of the jammer. Further, we derived the tight upper bound on the durationand the number of shot-noise pulses for Wi-Fi, GSM, and WiMaxnetworks. The proposed model takes consider the channel accessmechanism employed at the MAC layer, data transmission rate,PHY/MAC layer modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover,we analyze the effect of different packet sizes on the proposedjamming methodologies. The proposed jamming attack modelshave been experimentally evaluated for 802.11b networks on an actualtestbed environment by transmitting data packets of varyingsizes. The achieved results clearly demonstrate a considerable increasein the overall jamming efficiency of the proposed protocolawarejammer in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy expenditureand detection probabilities over contemporary jammingmethodsprovided in the literature.

Security Issues and Challenges of Mobile Cloud Computing

Abid Shahzad,Mureed Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터(IJGDC) 2013 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.6 No.6

IP Backbone Security : MPLS VPN Technology

Abid Shahzad,Mureed Hussain 보안공학연구지원센터 2013 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.6 No.5

Challenges and Issues of Resource Allocation Techniques in Cloud Computing

( Adnan Abid ),( Muhammad Faraz Manzoor ),( Muhammad Shoaib Farooq ),( Uzma Farooq ),( Muzammil Hussain ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.7

In a cloud computing paradigm, allocation of various virtualized ICT resources is a complex problem due to the presence of heterogeneous application (MapReduce, content delivery and networks web applications) workloads having contentious allocation requirements in terms of ICT resource capacities (resource utilization, execution time, response time, etc.). This task of resource allocation becomes more challenging due to finite available resources and increasing consumer demands. Therefore, many unique models and techniques have been proposed to allocate resources efficiently. However, there is no published research available in this domain that clearly address this research problem and provides research taxonomy for classification of resource allocation techniques including strategic, target resources, optimization, scheduling and power. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to identify open challenges faced by the cloud service provider related to allocation of resource such as servers, storage and networks in cloud computing. More than 70 articles, between year 2007 and 2020, related to resource allocation in cloud computing have been shortlisted through a structured mechanism and are reviewed under clearly defined objectives. Lastly, the evolution of research in resource allocation techniques has also been discussed along with salient future directions in this area.

Designing and operating a pilot plant for purification of industrial wastewater from toxic organic compounds by utilizing solar energy

Mohammad Fadhil Abid,Mohammed Ebrahim,Orroba Nafi,Luma Hussain,Neran Maneual,Abeer Sameer 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.7

The aim of the present project was to design and operate a solar reactor system and to analyze its performancefor the removal of different types of toxic organic pollutants (e.g., synthetic methyl violet dye and phenol) fromwater with titanium dioxide as the photocatalyst. Various operating parameters were studied to investigate the behaviorof the designed reactor like initial substrate concentration, loading of catalyst, pH of solution, and H2O2 concentration. The operating parameters were optimized to give higher efficiency to the reactor performance. Results showedthat a photocatalysis system, operating at optimum conditions, offered within one hour of operation degradation upto 95.27% for synthetic dye, while a conversion of 99.95% was obtained in three hours. With phenol, degradation wasup to 80.0% and 98.0%, respectively. The removal of TOC for the two toxic materials was also at high levels. Thisconfirmed the feasibility of the designed solar system. The kinetics of dye degradation was first order with respect todye concentration and could be well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. A preliminary design of a solar photocatalysissystem as an alternative treatment method for wastewater effluents from an Iraqi textile mill was introduced.

UV-Photochemistry of the Disulfide Bond: Evolution of Early Photoproducts from Picosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy at the Sulfur K-Edge

Ochmann, Miguel,Hussain, Abid,von Ahnen, Inga,Cordones, Amy A.,Hong, Kiryong,Lee, Jae Hyuk,Ma, Rory,Adamczyk, Katrin,Kim, Tae Kyu,Schoenlein, Robert W.,Vendrell, Oriol,Huse, Nils American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.21

<P>We have investigated dimethyl disulfide as the basic moiety for understanding the photochemistry of disulfide bonds, which are central to a broad range of biochemical processes. Picosecond time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge provides unique element-specific insight into the photochemistry of the disulfide bond initiated by 267 nm femtosecond pulses. We observe a broad but distinct transient induced absorption spectrum which recovers on at least two time scales in the nanosecond range. We employed RASSCF electronic structure calculations to simulate the sulfur-1s transitions of multiple possible chemical species, and identified the methylthiyl and methylperthiyl radicals as the primary reaction products. In addition, we identify disulfur and the CH<SUB>2</SUB>S thione as the secondary reaction products of the perthiyl radical that are most likely to explain the observed spectral and kinetic signatures of our experiment. Our study underscores the importance of elemental specificity and the potential of time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy to identify short-lived reaction products in complex reaction schemes that underlie the rich photochemistry of disulfide systems.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Regeneration in Sugarcane via Somatic Embryogenesis and Genomic Instability in Regenerated Plants

Raza, Saboohi,Qamarunisa, Syeda,Hussain, Mushtaq,Jamil, Ishrat,Anjum, Sadia,Azhar, Abid,Qureshi, Javed Ahmed 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.2

In the present study, embryogenic calli of sugarcane variety BL4 were induced using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin in different concentrations and combinations. In contrast to earlier studies, embryogenic callus sectors were identified and isolated microscopically within 1 - 2 weeks. Subsequently, 51 media formulations were used for regeneration of proliferated embryogenic callus, using MS medium supplemented with three different cytokinins [kinetin, 6-Benzylamino purine (BAP), and thidiazuron (TDZ)] and auxins (IAA/NAA and IBA) in different combination and concentrations. After acclimatization, the genomic DNA of regenerated plants was studied to explore the insertion polymorphism of transposable elements in order to ascertain the variation among somaclones. Though low concentration of kinetin with 2,4-D was found supportive to embryogenic callus development, the highest number of regenerated plantlets was observed using BAP (1 ${\mu}M$), however the plantlets had very low fresh weight (2.2 g). Conversely, TDZ alone supported a significant increase in the number of plantlets regenerated (38 - 40) with higher fresh weight. The somaclones generated during this study showed considerable positional polymorphism of activator-like transposable elements possibly due to the stress associated with in vitro culture. This study provides a procedure to produce regenerated sugarcane plants from embryogenic callus in a relatively short time.

Breast Mass Detected During Cardiac Stress Testing Which Led to Correct Diagnosis and Treatment

Ullah Ihsan,Laghari Abid Hussain,Farhad Awais,Adnan Ghufran,Nagher Babar 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2022 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.6 No.1

The incidental findings/artifacts identified on myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) often warrant further evaluation to rule out possible malignant pathologies. In this case report, we describe an elderly lady who was advised to undergo MPI for cardiac risk stratification prior to a non-cardiac surgery. Her MPI showed a large-sized infarct. In addition, a nodule on the left side of her chest that demonstrated increased isotope uptake was identified incidentally. Further evaluation of this lesion revealed a histopathological diagnosis of intraductal carcinoma of the breast. This case highlights the importance of reporting and investigating all suspicious incidental MPI findings.

Effects of Temperature and Stress on Creep Behavior of PP and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete

Xiaomeng Hou,Muhammad Abid,Wenzhong Zheng,Raja Rizwan Hussain 한국콘크리트학회 2019 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.13 No.6

Reactive powder concrete (RPC) is an advanced cementitious material with ultra-high strength, remarkable durabil-ity and excellent toughness. However, temperature dependent creep is a major concern as very little work has been reported in the literature. Therefore, systematic investigations are still missing in state of the art. This paper focuses on the impact of Polypropylene (PP) and hybrid (steel and PP) fibers on creep behavior of RPC at elevated tempera-ture. Temperature-dependent creep is further characterized into free thermal strain (FTS), short-term creep (STC) and transient strain (TS), based on different thermo-mechanical regimes. Varying heating and loading schemes were considered such as steady-state and transient thermo-mechanical conditions. The target temperatures considered for steady-state thermal conditions and transient case are 120, 300, 500, 700 and 900 °C. Compressive strength was considered up to 60% load ratio of ambient and temperature dependency. The result shows that STC increases with increasing stress level and higher target temperature. The increase in STC becomes obvious above the transition stage of quartz aggregate. Furthermore, HRPC have significantly higher STC than PRPC and other traditional types of concretes. The evolution of FTS and TS was quite slow below 250 °C. However, at high temperature significant increase in FTS and TS were observed. Furthermore, increasing stress level and the addition of steel fibers results in high TS. Overall, the performance of PP fiber was better than the hybrid fibers on the creep behaviour of RPC. Finally, constitutive relationships were proposed for FTS, STC and TS, which will be used as input data in numerical models of fire resistance calculations.