Pak-Iran Relations as it could be developed

Abdul Qadir,Adil Zaman Kasi,Mirwais Kasi 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.3 No.2

Pakistan and Iran are extremely vital countries in the region and their relations had seen several ups and downs since the inception of Pakistan in 1947. Since the 1979 Islamic revolution the relations between Pakistan and Iran had seen several low points due to the foreign policy alignment of Pakistan towards Saudi Arabia, border issues, Afghanistan crisis and sanctions on Iran by the United States. Iranians have the opinion that the terrorists infiltrate into Iran from Pakistan and attack the Iranian forces. The fear of U. S sanctions mixed with geo-political sanctions has not allowed Pak-Iran trade to grow for over two decades now. The link between the ports of Gwadar and Cahaba could be a win-win venture and mutually beneficial for Pakistan and Iran. Pakistan and Iran also disagree on the war in Afghanistan as they had supported rival actors in the country. The article analyses the relations between Pakistan and Iran and suggests certain recommendations for rapprochement between them.

Competitiveness of Oil Palm Production Systems in Nigeria : A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach

Abdul-Qadir, M. I,Okoruwa, V. O.,Salman, K. K. 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.5

There is demand-supply gap in palm oil production in the country, coupled with non-attainment of self-sufficiency in palm oil production in the country. Therefore, this study evaluates the competitiveness of oil palm production systems in Nigeria using policy analysis matrix. Data were collected with multistage sampling procedures through the administration of well-structured questionnaires. The results showed that oil palm production in Nigeria is classified into small, medium and large scale systems and the three systems are competitive in the production of palm oil and palm kernel under existing market prices. The private profits for the three production systems, the large, medium and small scale were N1, 131,350, N 607,443 and N 99,640 respectively, which indicates that the large scale system is more competitive at private levels followed by medium scale system. The social profits for small, medium and large scale systems were N 773, 649, N 1,023,067 and N 1,417,059 respectively, which implies comparative advantage of all the systems confirmed by DRC of 0.3806, 0.3639 and 0.2668 for small, medium and large scale systems respectively. Thus, Nigeria has comparative advantage in palm oil production for export. The net transfer and subsidy ratios were negative, which display poor protectionist policies and overall transfer of resources away from the production systems. In this study, it is concluded that palm oil production in Nigeria is competitive at private and social levels.

Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis of Saudi Arabian Ajwa variety of date seed oil and extracts obtained by the slow pyrolysis method

Abdul Qadir,Muhammad Arif,Satya Prakash Singh,Juber Akhtar,Athar Ali 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2017 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.17 No.1

The date seeds oil is a mixture of different types of major and minor organic components with potential positive health benefits. Thus, the study was designed to conversion of Ajwa verity of Saudi Arabian date seeds into pyrolysis liquid char oil by slow pyrolysis reactor and its phytoconstituents were determined by GC–MS. The date seed in particle form was pyrolysed in an externally heated pan sand bath. The sand bath was heated upto 500–600 °C by means of a burner for pyrolysis and this temperature is measured by means of a mercury thermometer. During pyrolysis, the tar and oil are released from the seeds and collected in a container. The liquid char oil was dissolved in 100 ml methanol and fractionated with 100 ml n-hexane by using separating funnel. Small portion (1 g) of both fraction was subjected to GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analysis results indicated the presence of 40 and 27 different phyto-compounds from n-hexane and methanol fraction. The presence of these bioactive compounds confirms the application of the Ajwa variety of date seeds for various medicinal activities in future drug discovery system and can be analyzed for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular, anticancer and immunosuppressant activities.

Enhancement of Immunomodulatory and Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan by Nano Encapsulation

Syed Abdul Qadir,Min Chul Kwon,Jae Gun Han,Ji Hye Ha,Ling Jin,Hyang Suk Jeong,Jin Chul Kim,Sang Guan You,Hyeon Yong Lee 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.6

The aim of the present study was to prepare nanosample of fucoidan using lecithin as encapsulated material and to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulatory activity of nanoparticle in vitro. The nanoparticles have been characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Confocal microscopy confirmed the internalization of the fucoidan conjugates into the immune cells. The uptake of nanoparticles was confirmed with confocal microscopy demonstrating their localization in the cells. The anticancer activity was increased over 5-10% in different cancer cells of fucoidan nanoparticle as compare with fucoidan. The human B and T cells growth and the secretion of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α from B cell were also improved by fucoidan nanoparticle because of the rapid absorption of nanoparticle into the cells as compare to fucoidan. At 0.6 ㎎/㎖ concentrations, the fucoidan nanoparticle showed better activity than 1.0 ㎎/㎖ concentration in T cell growth because the cells reached their saturation capacity. When the fucoidan was encapsulated in lecithin, its anticancer as well as its immunomodulatory activity proved to be superior from that of itself in pure form.

Cosmetic Effects of the Peptides Isolated from Oyster by Low Temperature Extraction Processes

Syed Abdul Qadir,Cheol Hee Kim,Hyo Sung Kim,Min Chul Kwon,Sang Hee Lee,Hyeon Yong Lee 한국생물공학회 2007 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10

Critical Impact Energy for Spalling, Tunnelling and Penetration of Concrete Slab impacted with Hard Projectile

Qadir Bux alias Imran Latif,Ismail Abdul Rahman,Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi,Kamran Latif 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.1

Penetration is the basic element of designing protective concrete structure against the local impact damage of hard missile. Impactenergy is the dominant cause of damage in moving accidents. When hard projectile collides with concrete target, it is the impactenergy of the projectile that makes concrete target to deform. Therefore, it is vital to study critical impact energy required to causespenetration. An analytical model is developed to predict the required critical impact energy for maximum penetration without reareffects in concrete slabs when it is impacted with hard projectile. The nose shape factor Ni also has been introduced with inclusion ofempirical friction factor Nf, as modification in Chen & Li nose shape factor for ogive nose hard projectile. The newly developedanalytical model and nose shape factor Ni is examined for CRH = 2.0, CRH = 3.0, and CRH = 4.25. It was found that the predictedresults from analytical model with nose shape Ni are in close relation with experimental data in all cases as compared to predictedresults with traditional Li and Chen nose shape N*. In, General, the analytical model generates encouraging prediction which isconsistent and follows a general trend of experimental results.

Crop Residues Management for Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Saline-Sodic Soil

Ahmed, Khalil,Qadir, Ghulam,Jami, Abdul-Rehman,Rafa, Hafeezullah,Mehmood, Muhammad Aamer,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Ibrahim, Muhammad Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having $EC_e$ (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 ($dSm^{-1}$); pH ($H_2O$) 8.96; SAR 43.78 ($mmol\;L^{-1}$) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg $acre^{-1}$) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of ($T_1$) control, ($T_2$) gypsum at 100% G.R., ($T_3$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_4$) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$, ($T_5$) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. $T_2$ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by $T_3$ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in $EC_e$, $pH_s$ and SAR were recorded in $T_2$ followed by $T_3$. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at $3Mg\;ha^{-1}$ > control.

cAMP/Protein Kinase A Signaling Inhibits Dlx5 Expression via Activation of CREB and Subsequent C/EBPβ Induction in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

Lee, Hye-Lim,Qadir, Abdul S.,Park, Hyun-Jung,Chung, Eunkyung,Lee, Yun-Sil,Woo, Kyung Mi,Ryoo, Hyun-Mo,Kim, Hyun Jeong,Baek, Jeong-Hwa MDPI 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.19 No.10

<P>Distal-less homeobox 5 (Dlx5) is a negative regulator of adipogenesis. Dlx5 expression is decreased by adipogenic stimuli, but the mechanisms of Dlx5 downregulation by adipogenic stimuli have not yet been determined. Here, we tested the impact of cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) signaling induced by 3-isobutyl-1 methyl xanthine (IBMX), forskolin, and 8-CPT-cAMP on the expression of Dlx5 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Significant downregulation of Dlx5 mRNA expression and protein production levels were observed via cAMP/PKA-dependent signaling. Forced expression of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) was sufficient for downregulation of Dlx5 expression and revealed that CREB functions upstream of C/EBPβ. In addition, C/EBPβ knockdown by siRNA rescued Dlx5 expression in IBMX-treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Luciferase assays using a Dlx5-luc-2935 reporter construct demonstrated the requirement of the <I>Dlx5</I> promoter region, ranging from −774 to −95 bp that contains two putative C/EBPβ binding elements (site-1: −517 to −510 bp and site-2: −164 to −157 bp), in the suppression of Dlx5 transcription. Consequently, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the importance of site-1, but not site-2, in C/EBPβ binding and transcriptional suppression of Dlx5. In conclusion, we elucidated the underling mechanism of Dlx5 downregulation in IBMX-induced adipogenesis. IBMX activated cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling and subsequently upregulated C/EBPβ, which binds to the <I>Dlx5</I> promoter to suppress Dlx5 transcription.</P>

Crop Residues Management for Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Saline-Sodic Soil

Khalil Ahmed,Ghulam Qadir,Abdul-Rehman Jami,Hafeezullah Rafa,Muhammad Aamer Mehmood,Kyung-Hwa Han,Muhammad Ibrahim 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Series of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the long term effect of gypsum and crop residue on crop yield and soil health in rice-wheat crop rotation system in salt affected soil. A saline-sodic field having ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) 4.77 (dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>); pH (H₂O) 8.96; SAR 43.78 (mmol L<SUP>-1</SUP>) and gypsum requirement (G.R.) 2.86 (Mg acre<SUP>-1</SUP>) was selected on Soil Salinity Research Institute Farm. Five treatments consisting of (T₁) control, (T₂) gypsum at 100% G.R., (T₃) gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, (T₄) gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, (T?) gypsum at 25% G.R.+ rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> were replicated four times under completely randomized block design. The data indicated that grain and straw yield of rice and wheat was significantly (P<0.05) increased by all the amendments used either single or in combination. T₂ (gypsum at 100% G.R.) significantly (P<0.05) increased grain and straw yield of rice and wheat crops followed by T₃ (gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) when compared with control. Soil properties were also improved by used amendments, pronounced decreased in ECe, pHs and SAR were recorded in T₂ followed by T₃. The efficiency of the treatments could be arranged in following order gypsum at 100% G.R.> gypsum at 25% G.R. + wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice and wheat straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> gypsum at 25% G.R. + rice straw at 3 Mg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>> control.

Women as a Change Agent in Environmental Protection and Management in Pakistan

Hussan Ara Magsi,Abdul Qadir Menga 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.3 No.3

The Pakistan a country from third world is facing formidable environmental challenges, i.e. Pollution, global warming, climatic changes, greenhouse effect, depletion of Ozone layer (O3), natural disasters and disposal of garbage. The women can contribute as a change agent in the protection, conservation and sustainable development of environment in Pakistan. The major argument is: women, environment, management, and women is nature and environment friendly and women have more tendency regarding environment management. The involvement of feministic perspective is essential for environmental protection. Feminist perspectives are now being articulated in a variety of wide-ranging themes and issues such as environmental justice, global climate change, population debates, disasters, water, and militarization. The qualitative and descriptive research methodology will be applied on this research paper. The NVIVO research software will be applied on this literature review to generate the themes. The data collection will take place through interviews, books, magazine, journals, newspapers, Environmental Acts and internet websites. The objectives of this research paper is to highlight the formidable environmental challenges of Pakistan. Apart from this how women can play a vital role as a change agent in the protections of environment. And what are gender inequality gaps exists in Pakistan which needs to be fulfilled for sake of environmental protection?And finally to suggest those remedies that how women can participate in policy-making and creating awareness about environmental issues etc. In the end, through data analysis the findings will be laid down.