1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol as a synergistic additive for improving throwing power of through hole copper electronic electroplating

Lei Jin,Zhao-Yun Wang,Zhuan-Yun Cai,Jia-Qiang Yang,An-Ni Zheng,Fang-Zu Yang,De-Yin Wu,Dongping Zhan 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-

In this work, we develop a novel 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN)-based acidic sulfate copper electronicelectroplating process for compact, homogeneous and conformal copper thickening of throughhole (TH). The adsorption characteristics, electrochemical properties and the interaction mechanismsof three additives (PEG, SPS and PAN) are studied in detail. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and opticalmicroscope (OM) reveal that PAN can make the copper coating in fine grains and high throwing powerof 90.35% in TH without an overhang phenomenon. Theoretical calculations illustrate that the bindingenergies between additive molecules and copper surface decrease in the order: PAN > SPS > PEG. Cyclic voltammetry experiments at rotating rates of 1200 and 200 r/min prove that PAN itself can accelerateand weakly suppress copper electrodeposition at the center and mouth of TH, respectively. PANbehaves respectively the synergistic and antagonistic effects with PEG at the mouth and center of TH,and the weakly synergistic effects with SPS both at the mouth and center of TH. The addition of PANto the virgin make-up solution (VMS) containing PEG and SPS causes decreasing the relative electriccharge (DQ) at high and low rotating rates from 18.52 ± 0.08% to 8.25 ± 0.05%, which satisfies the closercopper electronic electroplating rate at the center and mouth of TH. The effective and complicated synergisticeffects of the additives PEG, SPS and PAN can achieve compact, homogeneous and conformal copperthickening of TH.

Differential Ubiquitin Binding by the Acidic Loops of Ube2g1 and Ube2r1 Enzymes Distinguishes Their Lys-48-ubiquitylation Activities

Choi, Yun-Seok,Lee, Yun-Ju,Lee, Seo-Yeon,Shi, Lei,Ha, Jung-Hye,Cheong, Hae-Kap,Cheong, Chaejoon,Cohen, Robert E.,Ryu, Kyoung-Seok American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2015 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.290 No.4

<P>The ubiquitin E2 enzymes, Ube2g1 and Ube2r1, are able to synthesize Lys-48-linked polyubiquitins without an E3 ligase but how that is accomplished has been unclear. Although both E2s contain essential acidic loops, only Ube2r1 requires an additional C-terminal extension (184–196) for efficient Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity. The presence of Tyr-102 and Tyr-104 in the Ube2g1 acidic loop enhanced both ubiquitin binding and Lys-48-ubiquitylation and distinguished Ube2g1 from the otherwise similar truncated Ube2r1<SUP>1–183</SUP> (Ube2r1C). Replacement of Gln-105–Ser-106–Gly-107 in the acidic loop of Ube2r1C (Ube2r1C<SUP>YGY</SUP>) by the corresponding residues from Ube2g1 (Tyr-102–Gly-103–Tyr-104) increased Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity and ubiquitin binding. Two E2∼UB thioester mimics (oxyester and disulfide) were prepared to characterize the ubiquitin binding activity of the acidic loop. The oxyester but not the disulfide derivative was found to be a functional equivalent of the E2∼UB thioester. The ubiquitin moiety of the Ube2r1C<SUP>C93S</SUP>-[<SUP>15</SUP>N]UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyester displayed two-state conformational exchange, whereas the Ube2r1C<SUP>C93S/YGY</SUP>-[<SUP>15</SUP>N]UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyester showed predominantly one state. Together with NMR studies that compared UB<SUP>K48R</SUP> oxyesters of the wild-type and the acidic loop mutant (Y102G/Y104G) forms of Ube2g1, <I>in vitro</I> ubiquitylation assays with various mutation forms of the E2s revealed how the intramolecular interaction between the acidic loop and the attached donor ubiquitin regulates Lys-48-ubiquitylation activity.</P>

The research of the art transformation phenomenon based on the Mona Lisa mounts point

Yang Yun-lei,Yang Yong 한국공학안전보건예술학회 2015 한국공학예술학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.1

The Mona Lisa is a famous painting created by Da Vinci (1503~1506) and has a history for more than 500 years. The halo for this art is still reflecting in the world for the time being and it has led the art trend. Contemporary artists also have an attempt to take it as the carrier to lead their works to the transformation. “Mona Lisa” thusly has become the carrier of art transformation phenomenon.

일반 선호색에 따른 색조 제품 구매 행동에 관한 연구 : 상하이 여대생을 중심으로

뢰청운 (Lei, Qing Yun),김영삼 (Kim, Yong Sam) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.3

요즘 시대에 색조 제품에 대한 관심이 갈수록 높아지고 나아가 구매 행위와 그 영향에 대한 관심도 부상하고 있다. 색은 감성 소비 과정에서 중요한 요소로 마케팅 분야에 만이 활용되고 있다. 사람마다 선호하는 색이 다르고 일반 선호색과 특정 색채 선호 간에 차이가 있을 수 있으며 제품마다의 선호색이 다르기 때문에 소비자가 제품의 색을 선택할 때 차이가 있을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 일반 선호색이 색조 제품을 구매할 때 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구에서 일상생활에서 많이 구매하는 립스틱, 아이섀도, 블러셔 세 가지를 선정하여 아시아 패션의 도시인 상하이 지역의 여대생을 대상으로 설문 조사를 통해 일반 선호색, 색조제품의 구매행동, 일반 선호색이 색조 제품을 구매하는 데 미치는 영향, 선호하는 색과 구매한 색조 제품 색이 다른 이우, 색조 제품을 구매하는 데 영향을 미치는 요소의 6가지로 구분하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 주로 빈도분석과 일월분산 분석을 사용하였고 일반 선호색과 제품 선호색을 분석할 때 PCCS 색체계를 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반 선호색과 가장 많이 구매하는 색조 제품의 색을 비교했는데, v, b, It, p 네 가지 톤에 주로 분포하고 있어 일치 정도가 높다. 제품의 톤이 소비자의 제품 선택에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. 일반 선호색이 색조 제품의 색 선택에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 일반 선호색이 구매하는 색조 제품 구매하는 색이 다른 이유를 분석했는데 색조 제품을 구매에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인은 색조 제품의 색과 피부색이라는 것을 확인하였다. 이 주요 요인은 모두 색과 관련되어 있다. 셋째, SPSS에서의 Duncan s multiple range test를 사용하여 색조 제품 구매에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석했는데 평소에 선호색에 따라 색조 제품을 구매할 것이다 요인의 영향 정도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 소비자가 선호하는 색에 따라 제품의 선택한다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 일반 선호색이 색조 제품 색 선택에 영향을 미친다는 것을 증명하였다. 따라서 색조 제품의 판매 과정에서 일반 선호색을 활용한 색채 기획 및 마케팅 전략에 지도 의견을 제공할 수 있다. These days, interest in color products is increasing, and furthermore, interest in purchasing behavior and its influence is increasing. Color is an important factor in the emotional consumption process, and is only used in marketing. Different people have different preferences, different general preferences, different preferences, and different preferences for different products, so there may be differences when consumers choose colors for their products. Therefore, in this study, we would like to find out how general preference colors affect the purchase of color products. In this study, three types of lipstick, eye shadow, and blusher that are purchased frequently in daily life were selected and analyzed through a survey of female university students in Shanghai, the city of Asian fashion, the effect of general preference color on purchasing color product, the effect of general preference color on purchasing color product, the difference between preferred color and purchased color product color, and the factors that affect purchasing color product. In this study, frequency analysis and month-to-month analysis were mainly used, and PCCS color system was used to analyze general preference color and product preference color. The results of this study are as follows. First, we compared the colors of general preference with the colors of the most purchased color products, which are mainly distributed in four tones, v, b, It, and p, so the degree of concordance is high. It means that the tone of the product can affect the choice of the consumer s product. It was confirmed that general preference color affects color selection of color products. Second, we analyzed the reasons why general preference colors purchase different colors, and confirmed that the main factors influencing the purchase of color products were the color and skin color of color products. All of these key factors are related to color. Third, using Duncan s multi-range test in SPSS, we analyzed the factors that affect the purchase of color products, and the degree of influence of I will usually buy color products according to preference was the highest. It can be seen that consumers choose the product according to the color they prefer. It has been proved that general preference color affects color selection of color products. Therefore, guidance comments can be provided on color planning and marketing strategies using general preference colors in the process of selling color products.

한 · 중 · 일 종합병원 면적비교 연구 - 2010년 이후 건설된 종합병원을 중심으로 -

뢰청운(Lei, Qing-Yun),양내원(Yang, Nae-Won) 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.39 No.1

그루브 형상에 따른 판형 열교환기의 젖음성 실험

운뢰(Lei Yun),문상훈(Sang Hun Mun),장영수(Young Soo Chang),강병하(Byung Ha Kang) 대한설비공학회 2013 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

The wettability of liquid desiccant along the vertical surface of a plate type heat exchanger has been investigated. Liquid desiccant was supplied on the top of plate heat exchangers which have different groove gaps. Epoxy resin coating was sellected to improve the durability of the hydrophilic coating. Drying temperature and drying time were optimized to improve hydrophilic performance. Through visualization test, it is found that plate heat exchanger of 1.0 mm groove gap shows the largest wettability. As mass flow rate of supplied liquid desiccant increases, the wettability of liquid desiccant becomes enhanced.

한·중 여성의 승용차 외관색 선호에 관한 연구

뢰청운(Lei, Qing Yun),김영삼(Kim, Yong Sam) 한국디자인리서치학회 2020 한국디자인리서치 Vol.5 No.4

소비시대와 체험경제 시대가 도래하면서 여성 승용차 소비자가 급속하게 늘어나고 있어 승용차 시장에서 여성의 소비 잠재력이 매우 크다. 타고난 색채에 대한 민감성과 색채 감정에 대한 요구로 인해 여성은 승용차의 시각성과 개성화 색채 디자인에 주의력을 더 기울이고 있다. 따라서 승용차의 외관색은 여성 소비자가 승용차를 구매하는 중요한 요인 중의 하나가 되었다. 그러나 서로 다른 지역이나 국가의 여성의 색채 관념이 승용차 외관색의 선택에 미치는 영향은 차이가 있는지를 아직 확인되지 않는 실정이다. 따라서 본 논문에서 같은 동양 문화를 가지고 있고 지리적 환경도 비슷한 한국 서울과 중국 베이징의 여성을 연구 대상으로 PCCS 색체계와 설문조사를 통해 색상과 톤에서 양국 여성의 승용차 외관 선호색의 차이점을 분석했다. 분석 결과, 일반 선호색의 경우 한국과 중국의 여성은 색상과 톤에서 일정한 유사성을 보였지만, 차지하는 구체적인 비율은 다르게 나타났다. 승용차 외관 선호색의 경우, 한국 여성은 무채색의 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 중국의 여성 색상에서 red 계열 색상을 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났고 톤에서는 무채색과 vid를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 한국과 중국 여성의 일반 선호색과 승용차 외관 선호색은 전체적으로 유사한 분포를 보였지만, 색상과 톤에서는 뚜렷한 차이를 보였다. 연령대 차이의 분석 결과 영향이 있다고 생각하는 사람은 ‘18~29세’> ‘30~39세’> ‘40~49 세’> ‘50세 및 이상’의 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 승용차 색채는 젊은 여성에게 미치는 영향이 가장 크고 중국의 여성에게 영향을 미치는 범위가 더 넓은 것을 확인했다. With the advent of the era of consumption and experience economy, Women car owners grow rapidly, and the female consumption potential in the automobile market is huge. Women are naturally color-sensitive to color and have a strong color emotion, so that they pay more attention to the visual and personalized color design of the car. So, the appearance color of cars has become one of the important factors affecting female consumers’ buying conditions. However, the differences in the influence of different regions or countries on the color choice of automobile appearance are still unclear. Therefore, this study of Oriental culture and geographical environment near Seoul, South Korea and China in the Beijing area of women as the research object, using the sampling method and questionnaire investigation method, Uses the PCCS colour system setup car appearance colour assumptions, through the frequency analysis and age analysis from the aspects of color’s Hue and Tone to understand Women have different color preferences for the appearance of cars in the two countries. As a result, in the general color preference, the women in both countries showed certain similarity in Hue and Tone preference at the same time, but there were different frequency differences respectively. Among the color preferences of car appearance, Korean women have the highest preference for neutral color, while Chinese women prefer red. Meanwhile, they also prefer neutral color and vid in color Tone. On the whole color preference of the two countries, the general color preference is reflected in the appearance color preference of cars. Although both countries show national integrity, there are frequency distinction in color of hue and tone contrast, especially the Tone. In other words, the general color preference of women in the two countries has little influence on the appearance color preference of cars, and the appearance color preference of cars in the two countries shows obvious differences. According to the analysis results of age difference, the ranking that is considered influential is as follows:18-29>30-39>40-49>50s above. In addition, the appearance color of cars has the greatest influence on young women, and has a wider influence on Chinese women.

Prognostic Role of MicroRNA-21 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: a Meta-analysis

Ma, Xue-Lei,Liu, Lei,Liu, Xiao-Xiao,Li, Yun,Deng, Lei,Xiao, Zhi-Lan,Liu, Yan-Tong,Shi, Hua-Shan,Wei, Yu-Quan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Introduction: Many studies have reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) mihght predict the survival outcome in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) but the opposite opinion has also been expressed. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence for a prognostic role of miR-21. Materials and Methods: All the eligible studies was searched by Medline and EMBASE and patients' clinical characteristics and survival outcome were extracted. Then a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of the miR-21 expression in different subgroups. Results: A total of 8 eligible articles were yielded covering survival outcomes or clinical characteristics. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overall survival (OS) was 2.19 [0.76, 6.30], while the combined HR (95% CI) of Asian group for OS had a significant result, 5.49 [2.46, 12.27]. The combined HR (95% CI) for recurrence free survival or disease free survival (RFS/DFS) was 2.31 [1.52, 3.49]. Odds ratios (ORs) showed that the miR-21 expression was associated with lymph node status and histological type. Conclusion: miR-21 expression could predict the prognostic outcome of NSCLC in Asians, despite some deficiencies in the study data.

Simulation analysis and evaluation of decontamination effect of different abrasive jet process parameters on radioactively contaminated metal

Zhong Lin,Deng Jian,Zuo Zhe-wen,Huang Can-yu,Chen Bo,Lei Lin,Lei Ze-yong,Lei Jie-heng,Zhao Mu,Hua Yun-fei 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.11

A new method of numerical simulating prediction and decontamination effect evaluation for abrasive jet decontamination to radioactively contaminated metal is proposed. Based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Model (CFD-DEM) coupled simulation model, the motion patterns and distribution of abrasives can be predicted, and the decontamination effect can be evaluated by image processing and recognition technology. The impact of three key parameters (impact distance, inlet pressure, abrasive mass flow rate) on the decontamination effect is revealed. Moreover, here are experiments of reliability verification to decontamination effect and numerical simulation methods that has been conducted. The results show that: 60Co and other homogeneous solid solution radioactive pollutants can be removed by abrasive jet, and the average removal rate of Co exceeds 80%. It is reliable for the proposed numerical simulation and evaluation method because of the well goodness of fit between predicted value and actual values: The predicted values and actual values of the abrasive distribution diameter are Ф57 and Ф55; the total coverage rate is 26.42% and 23.50%; the average impact velocity is 81.73 m/s and 78.00 m/s. Further analysis shows that the impact distance has a significant impact on the distribution of abrasive particles on the target surface, the coverage rate of the core area increases at first, and then decreases with the increase of the impact distance of the nozzle, which reach a maximum of 14.44% at 300 mm. It is recommended to set the impact distance around 300 mm, because at this time the core area coverage of the abrasive is the largest and the impact velocity is stable at the highest speed of 81.94 m/s. The impact of the nozzle inlet pressure on the decontamination effect mainly affects the impact kinetic energy of the abrasive and has little impact on the distribution. The greater the inlet pressure, the greater the impact kinetic energy, and the stronger the decontamination ability of the abrasive. But in return, the energy consumption is higher, too. For the decontamination of radioactively contaminated metals, it is recommended to set the inlet pressure of the nozzle at around 0.6 MPa. Because most of the Co elements can be removed under this pressure. Increasing the mass and flow of abrasives appropriately can enhance the decontamination effectiveness. The total mass of abrasives per unit decontamination area is suggested to be 50 g because the core area coverage rate of the abrasive is relatively large under this condition; and the nozzle wear extent is acceptable

Effects of Herbiotic FS supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and faecal scores in weanling pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Yun, Hyeok Min,Kang, Jung Sun,Kim, In Ho Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2018 Journal of applied animal research Vol.46 No.1