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한지원(Han Jee-Won) 효원사학회 2010 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.37
In this study, we are going to find out that the people, grew up to be infantry as taxation structure changed. In the meantime, the Mohist gave voice in place of the lower class. Motze opposed the extravagant musical entertainment and other luxuries enjoyed by rulers and high officials as well as wars. To bring wealth to the people, they avoided wasting resources on extravagant funeral and prolonged mourning. In a way, it seems that Motze's doctrine was accepted to the public while the people integrated into the government. He emphasized that people must cut down expenditure and do what they were capable of in order to benefit society and care for the welfare of the people. For some reason, Motze made two systems, Reverence of the Virtures and the Theory of Identification with the Superiors. Reverence of the Virtures was arranged for electing government officials and the Theory of Identification with the Superiors for making a integrated society by putting the people under control of monarch. Another doctrine of Motze's was that the nation should be governed by competent people rather than incompetent nobles. In conclusion, we could see how important the people were in the early Qin era. Motze had developed his doctrines in favor of the people and therefore his philosophy gradually appeared in public as a representative school, just like the Confucianism did. And still, what he used to say has had a continuous influence on today's society in many ways.
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별불가사리(Asterina pectinifera)의 난자형성 과정 중 난모세포 표면의 미세구조적 변화 : Mu¨ller and Troschel
이양림,한지원 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1994 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-
별불가사리 난자형성 중 난모세포(직경 7-170㎛) 표면의 구조적 변화를 투과 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 직경 25-155㎛의 난모세포에서 'endocytosis'와 관련된 구조인 coated pit, coated vesicle과 내포소낭이 존재하였으며, 내포소낭은 난황립과 융합하였다. 특히, 이러한 융합은 직경 130-155㎛의 난모세포에서 많이 관찰되었다. 난자형성 초기에 난모세포의 미세융모는 세포막을 따라 무질서하게 분포하고, 인접한 세포와 맞닿아 있었다. 직경 15㎛에서 65㎛에 이르는 난모세포는 세포막 부위에 따라서 미세융모의 굵기와 길이, 그리고 형태가 다르게 나타났고, 직경 100㎛ 이상의 난모세포에서는 잘 발달된 미세융모가 난황층에 존재하였다. 여포세포로부터 나온 돌기는 직경 7㎛의 난모세포와 난자형성 후기의 난모세포에서 난황층을 뚫고 세포막과 닿아 'junctional complex'를 형성하였다. 이와같은 난모세포 표면의 다양한 구조적 변화는 난모세포의 세포막을 통한 물질투과 기능의 분화와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. Ultrastructural changes at the surfaces of oocytes (7-170 ㎛ in diameter) during oogenesis of Asterina pectinifera were studied with a transmission electron microscope. Coated pits, coated vesicles and endocytic vesicles were confirmed in oocytes ranging from 25 ㎛ to 155 ㎛, suggesting that endocytosis may be involved in oogenesis of A. pectinifera. Endocytic vesicles are fused with forming yolk granules and the fusion is the most active at the stage later than 130 ㎛ diameter. Microvilli are randomly distributed at the surface of oocyte in the early stage and make contact with the microvilli of the other cells. In oocytes ranging from 15 ㎛ to 65 ㎛, microvilli are varied in thickness, length and configuration, whereas microvilli are well developed between vitelline coats in oocyte greater than 100 ㎛. Follicle cell processes were observed to reach the membrane of oocyte through the vitelline coat and to form a junctional complex at the 7 ㎛ stage and the late stages of oogenesis. From observations it is evident that there are a few structurally-varied types in transporting yolk precursors, suggesting that structural differences may reflect functional differentiation during oogenesis.
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