[전문가칼럼] 해상풍력, 세계는 ‘대세’ 우리는 ‘걸음마’

최덕환 전력문화사 2020 Electric Power Vol.14 No.4

스포츠소비자의 정보탐색과 브랜드전환의 구조적 관계

최덕환 한국스포츠리서치 2007 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.18 No.5

스포츠브랜드개성과 자아이미지의 일치성이 브랜드태도와 구매의도에 미치는 영향

최덕환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is SOD, MDA effect on Incheon University 16 hockey players for 12 weeks after Ogapi intake concludes as followed, 1. During the intake time SOD, MDA and SOD/MDA changed of only the Ogapi group(P<.05) remarkable contrast, but the placebo group had no contrast. 2. Just after the exercise time SOD, MDA not changed of Ogapi group (P<.D5) remarkable contrast, but SOD/MDA changed (P<.05). But placebo group had no contrast, 3. During the recovery time of 30minute SOD, MDA not changed of Ogapi group remarkable contrast, but SOD/MDA changed (P<.05). But placebo group had no contrast. 4. Exercise continuance times according to existence (and nonexistence) of Oagpi in take not changed placebo group, but Ogapi group The study was done to present basic data that can support the relationship between sports consumers and sports brands not only theoretically but also empirically by extending the relationship. Based on BPS(Brand Personality Scale) that is measured by introducing the concept of human personality in brands, the study examined the Influence of congruity of real self-image and ideal self-image on brand attitude and purchase intention. The following conclusions could be made with the investigation on consumers that use golf facilities In Seoul and Gyeongkido, First, when the congruity of brand personality and self-image for domestic · oversea golf brands is high, it has positive influence on brand attitude. Second, when the congruity of brand personality and self-image for domestic & oversea golf brand is high, it has positive influence on purchase intention, Lastly, competent and refinement of the brand personality concepts had a significant influence on the oversea brand attitude, Also, refinement and tenacity had a big influence on purchase intention, As for domestic brands, the personality concept of refinement and interest had the biggest influence, In purchase intention, there was 65.1% of description and the personality concept of interests and sincerity had the biggest influence, changed remarkable contrast(p<.05).

제왕절개술을 위한 기관 내 삽관의 실패 후 발생한 위파열

최덕환,최효순,김지애,최중섭 대한마취과학회 2002 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.43 No.2

스포츠중계에서 가상광고의 맥락 일치성에 따른 브랜드자산과의 관계분석

최덕환,배정섭 한국스포츠학회 2021 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 스포츠 중계에서의 가상광고의 맥락일치성에 따른 브랜드자산과의 관계를 분석하는 데 있다. 연구를 위한 조사도구로 설문지를 활용했고, 수도권 소재 대학교에 재학 중인 160명의 대학생을 연구대상으로 선정하여 스포츠 중계 시 맥락일치성에 따른 4가지의 가상광고를 통해 연구를 진행하였다. 설문의 분석은 SPSS 24.0 및 AMOS 24.0을 통해 빈도분 석독립표본 t-test, 탐색적 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석 및 one-way ANOVA를 실시했다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠 중계에서 가상광고의 맥락일치성과 브랜드자산의 하위요인은 모두 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 브랜드이미지와 브랜드충성도에서는 형태적 관련성과 메시지관련성이 높은 집단이 가장 높게 측정되었고, 형태적 관련성과 메시지관련성이 낮은 집단이 통계적 수준에서 가장 낮게 분석되었다. 셋째, 브랜드인지도에서는 낮은 형태관련성과 낮은 메시지관련성의 집단의 수치 가 다른 집단에 비해 통계적 수준에서 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 지각된 품질에서 높은 형태관련성과 높은 메시지관련성의 집단, 높은 형태관련성과 낮은 메시지관련성이 통계적으로 높게 측정되었고, 낮은 형태관련성과 높은 메시지관련성 및 낮은 형태관련성과 낮은 메시지관련성의 집단은 수치가 통계적 수준에서 낮은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship with brand equity according to context congruency of virtual advertisement in sports broadcasting. Data were collected from 160 university students majoring in sports using video clip and survey questionnaires. t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted to investigate the effectiveness of brand equity per context congruency of virtual advertising. The results of this study are as follows. First, in sports broadcasting, context congruency of virtual advertisements and the sub-factors of brand equity were both found to be different. Second, brand image and brand loyalty were measured the highest among groups with high formality and message relevance. On the other hand, groups with low formality and message relevance were analyzed at the lowest statistical level. Third, in brand awareness, group of formality and message relevance was analyzed to be lower at a statistical level than other groups. Fourth, in perceived quality, groups of high formality relevance and high message relevance, high formality relevance and low message relevance were measured statistically high, while groups of low formality relevance and high message relevance and low formality relevance and low message relevance showed that the figures were low at the statistical level.

지각된 스포츠브랜드 유사성과 브랜드전환과의 관계

최덕환 한국체육과학회 2007 한국체육과학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of study was to offer basic data of brand marketing strategy by looking into the relations between similarity factor perceived by sports consumers and brand's switching. Sports brand was investigated by 331 sports consumer who use golf practice center, collected data were analyzed by the frequency, correlation analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis through SPSS ver.12.0. The following is the conclusion of the study :First, the similarity factor of sport brands appeared to have significant influences on prototypicality of sport brand switching.Second, the similarity factor of sport brands showed to have significant influence on replacement cost of sport brand switching.Third, the similarity factor of sport brands appeared to have meaningful effect on advertisement or publicity of the sport brand switching.Fourth, the similarity factor of sports brands displayed to have significant effect on convenient purchase of the sport brand switching.

척추-경막외 병용마취를 이용한 제왕절개술시 경막외 Top-up 의 효과

최덕환,김지애,심우석,박남기 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.1

Background : Epidural $quot;top-up$quot; has been blown to enhance spinal anesthesia in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. Saline and local anesthetics were reported to have a volume effect when infused as epidural $quot;top-up$quot;. In cesarean deliveries where high sensory block has been achieved using a combined spinal-epidural technique, we evaluated the effects of epidural $quot;top-up$quot; on the underlying spinal block. Methods: Sixty-six parturients were allocated randomly into group C (control, n = 21), S (saline, N= 21), or B (bupivacaine. n = 24), Ten minutes after they received 8 mg of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine intrathecally, nothing, 10 ml saline, or 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine were infused, respectively. The sensory level at 10 min, the maximal level and the time to reach it, and degrees of motor block and muscle relaxation were compared. We also investigated intraoperative side effects and postoperative findings in the PACU. Results : There were significant changes in sensory level after epidural top-ups in the group S and B, but no differences in maximal height of sensory block and degree of muscle relaxation among the groups. Intraoperative pain was complained in fewer patients in the group B. Times to sensory and motor recovery were longer in patients of the group B. Conclusions : Eight milligrams of hyperbaric bupivacaine using a combined spinal-epidural technique was not sufficient for cesarean section. Epidural saline top-up showed volume effect, which didn't improve the spinal block. Epidural $quot;top-up$quot; of 0.25% 10 ml bupivacaine enhanced the spinal block and sustained the black postoperatively (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 69~75)

스포츠 소비자의 브랜드전환에 관한 연구

최덕환 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

A goal of the study was to analyze factors for consumers' brand switching,, examine brand switching groups of different sports consumers, and validate relationship between factors for brand switching and brand switching groups. The investigation for the study was done on sports consumers that use indoor and outdoor golf ranges located in Seoul and Gyeoggi region. The followings show the conclusion of the investigation. First, the factors for sports brand switching are representativness, price, advertisement, and convenience of purchase. There was a significant difference in the factors for sports brand switching according to the characteristics of sports consumers. Second, the sports brand switching groups were divided into first→first brand group, first→latter brand group, latter→first brand group and latter→latter brand group. There was a significant difference in the sports brand switching groups according to the characteristics of sports consumers. Third, the variables of sports brand switching have significant influences on sports brand switching groups. In conclusion, the sports brand study should not only analyze the behaviors of consumers but also provide strategic suggestions of new brands to manufacturers in Korea where the world sports brand power is very weak.

노인들의 신체적 활동에 대한 비대면 서비스품질과 서비스 만족 및 행동의도간의 관계

최덕환,배정섭,조영강 한국스포츠학회 2023 한국스포츠학회지 Vol.21 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 신체적 활동과 관련된 비대면 서비스를 경험한 노인들이 인지하는 비대면 서비스 품질과 서비스 만족 및 행동의도 간의 관계를 밝히는데 있다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 조사도구로 설문지를 활용했고, 250명의 노인을 대상으로 설문이 실시되었다. 수집된 설문은 34부의 불성실한 응답을 제외한 216부가 최종적으로 활용되었다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인들의 비대면 서비스품질의 요인 중 상호작용 품질은 서비스 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 결과 품질은 서비스 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 물리적 품질은 서비스 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 노인들의 비대면 서비스품질에 따른 서비스 만족은 행동의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이를 종합하면, COVID-19로 인해 비대면 서비스가 진행된 가운데 노인들이 인지하는 비대면 서비스품질을 충족한다면 행동의도로 연결할 수 있는 것에 의미가 있다.

경막외 마취하 제왕절개술시 술중 경막외 모르핀의 투여가 술후 정맥내 자가통증조절(IV-PCA)에 미치는 영향

최덕환,김지애,심우석 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.38 No.1

Background : Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) has been widely used for pain relief after cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia. However, IV-PCA alone has a limited effect on early postoperative pain relief. Epidural morphine injected intraoperatively could alleviate the early post-cesarean pain. We evaluated the effects and side effects of intraoperative epidural mo17hine on post-operative IV-PCA. Methods : Forty patients scheduled for cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The patients in the intravenous group (IV group, n=20) received intra-venous morphine 3-5 mg after the operation in the recovery room when patients complain of pain, and the patients in the epidural group (EPI group, n = 20) received intraoperative epidural morphine 3 mg afrer fetus delivery. After that, both groups received morphine IV-PCA (no basal infusion, bolus 1.0 mg, lock-out time 6 min). Analgesic efficacy, degree of patient satisfaction, drug consumption and side effects were compared at 4 and 24 hours after surgery. Results : The EPI group had significantly lower VAS for pain at 4h after surgery on movement and resting than the IV group, whereas no significant difference was observed at 24h after surgery. The cumulative morphine consumptions at 4h and 24h after surgery were more in the IV group (each, p $lt; 0.001). Fewer patients in the EPI group had drowsiness at 24h after surgery, but there were no significant differences in other side effects and degree of satisfaction between the two groups. Conclusions : We conclude that intraoperative epidural morphine was effective with less side effects for postoperative IV-PCA in the cesarean patients under epidural anesthesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 38: 112 ∼ 117)