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        Change of Gender Relationships through “Structures of Feeling” in Henry Rider Haggard’s Adventure Novels

        한국현대영어영문학회 2023 현대영어영문학 Vol.67 No.1

        Female characters and women questions are indispensable parts of the literature in the late Victorian period. Many British adventure novel writers voiced their apprehensions about the circumstance of the Britain Empire threatened by women in the time of transformation. Sir Henry Rider Haggard is one of them. This paper compares Rider Haggard’s early work She (1886) with his late work She and Allan (1921) to examine the change of female image from the perspective of “structures of feeling”, which is developed by Raymond Williams for capturing the implicit and changing social feelings in culture. This research combines close reading with distant reading through a couple of digital humanity tools and tries to balance the digital and humanity as far as possible. By quantitatively and qualitatively comparing the sentimental dynamics in these two novels, it is found that different from the threat posed by New Women in the 1880s, men’s fear towards women was mitigated to some degree in the 1920s, the time after the first world war. In delivering the emotions and corresponding status of characters, Haggard emerges as deeper, more wide-ranging and sophisticated in his use of the language of eyes, which turns out to be an effective device for him to present sentimental change of characters.

      • KCI등재

        Cruel Optimism in Interracial Dynamics between Migrant Workers and Local Koreans in Where is Ronny? (2009) and He’s on Duty (2010)

        문학과영상학회 2022 문학과영상 Vol.23 No.2

        With the flow of capital and the development of technology, migrant workers are spreading everywhere in the world with the hope of realizing a promising future. However, there is less and less opportunity for stability and for attaining good life, especially in the neo-liberal globalization. Drawing on Lauren Berlant’s explication of people’s attachment to compromised conditions of possibility which constitute the origin of “cruel optimism”, this paper deals with two most issues in migrant workers—their living conditions in the host country and interactions with locals. Through a case study of two Korean films He’s on Duty and Where is Ronny? featured by their representation and narrative of migrant workers, it examines the configuration of migrant workers in these two Korean films around the year of 2010, and how their fantasy for a better life in more developed foreign countries is broken by local anti-foreigner Koreans and social hierarchy. Ultimately, it argues that by incorporating local Korean people into the life of migrant workers, migrant’s optimism can become less cruel and multiracial hybridity becomes possible.

      • KCI등재

        The Effects of Pearl S. Buck’s Gender on Her Translation of Expletives in Shuihu Zhuan

        21세기영어영문학회 2022 영어영문학21 Vol.35 No.2

        In this paper, the role of gender in translation activities is investigated by analyzing expletives in translations of Shuihu Zhuan. This famous classical Chinese novel has been translated as All Men Are Brothers by Pearl S. Buck, a female translator, and Outlaws of the Marsh by Sidney Shapiro, a male translator. This paper focuses on Buck’s translation while comparing it with Shapiro’s. This novel tells how a group of 108 outlaws from all walks of life, as victims of corrupt officials and unfortunate circumstances, were forced to take refuge in Liangshan Marsh, forming a sizable army to “render justice for Heaven and save the people”. It is filled with obscenities and expletives spoken to and by female characters, notably some infidel housewives of male characters. This paper supposes that when dealing with these languages, the gender of the translator affects their translation and blends their female identity into it. To test this hypothesis, this study uses comparative analysis to explore the gender construction and representation of Buck in All Men Are Brothers. Following a descriptive-explanatory framework typical in translation studies, this study finds that, at least for this novel, the female translator tends to be more empathetic with suppressed women in feudal society and tends to channel more feminist ideas into her translations than the male translator. Buck, by means of rewriting, empowers women to fight against feudal society and tries to mitigate the malevolence in the swearwords spoken to women.

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