초생추에 대한 임박의 사료이용성에 관한 연구

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This experiment was conducted to increase the nutritive value of perilla meal and to investigate the presence of the growth inhibiting factor in the meal. The first feeding test was carried out with F₁ chicks between W. Rock and W. Cornish which were fed the diets containing 0, 15, 20 and 25% of perilla meal from one day to 4 weeks of age. And two types of perilla meal treated by dry autoclaving at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. were also fed at 20% level of diet, respectively. The second feeding test was carried out with S.C.W. Leghorn which were fed the diets containing 0, 15 and 25% of perilla meal for 3 weeks. Each perilla meal treated as follows was added into the diets at level of 25%. 1. autoclaved at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. and washed with water. 2. autoclaved 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. and unwashed. 3. boiled for 30 min. and washed. 4. Soaked with tap water for 8 hrs. and washed. Each experimental diet was prepared to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The experimental results obtained were as follows: No significant difference was found in body weight gain between chicks fed no treated high level of perilla meal and fed control diet in both experiments. Although, no significant difference was observed in feed efficiency between chicks of each levels of perilla meal, feed efficiency was decreased as the level of perilla meal was increased. In test Ⅰ, dry autoclaving of perilla meal gave no effect on weight gain or feed efficiency of chicks. In test Ⅱ, the treatments of wet autoclaving, boiling and water soaking of periila meal following washing, respectively, decreased weight gain of chicks compared with that of control group. But chicks fed perilla meal treated by autoclaving-unwashed was increased weight gain more than that of control group with no significant. Decrease in nitrogen retention percent was observed among the groups fed perilla meal at levels of 15 and 25% of no treatment and treated by autoclaving-washing or water-soaking-washed, and these were significant at 5% level. It can be concluded that there is no growth inhibiting factor in perilla meal because chicks fed high levels of perilla meal showed normal growth and fed various physical treatments of perilla meal gave no increase in weight gain.

채종박의 물리적처리가 초생추의 성장에 미치는 영향

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.2

This experiment was conducted to test the effect of physical treatments of rapeseed meal on chick growth and to seek the optimum level of supplementation to chick diet. Rapeseed meal was added to the diets at 0, 10 and 15% levels to replace soybean meal on a weight to weight basis. At 15% level of diet, three treatments of rapeseed meal; autoclaving at 15 p.s.i. for 30 min. following washing, or nonwashing, and water soaking for 8 hrs. following washing were tested for the possibility of removing the growth inhibiting factor. A total of 224 Starbro chicks for the broiler were alloted into 32 per treatment with 2 replications during 5 weeks of experimental period from one day old. The results obtained are as follows: The best results are obtained in growth rate and feed efficiency from the chicks fed the rapeseed meal treated by water soaking and washing. This group shows significant increase in weight gain at 5% level compared with that of 15% level of no treated rapeseed meal. This result indicates that water soaking and washing treatment of rapeseed meal can alleviate the effect of goitrogenic factor in it better than the others. As for the groups fed 10% level of rapeseed meal, the growth rate was as good as the group fed control ration, but feed efficiency was appeared to be worse than that of control with no significance.

초생추에 대한 닭 불가식내장 Silage 급여 사양시험

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the nutritional value of poultry inedible viscera silage. The poultry viscera was ensiled for a period of 2 weeks prior to the feeding experiment. For the experiment, 10% dried silage or the amount of wet silage equivalent to the 10% dried silage was added to the ration to replace 5% soybean meal or 3% fish meal. 5 or 7% yellow corn was also taken out from the ration to make the replacement on a weight to weight basis. The experimental results obtained are as follow. When soybean meal or fish meal was replaced with wet silage, body weight gain for the experiment groups was increased significantly at 5% level or better, compared with that of control. This was also true for the groups fed with dry silage replaced with fishmeal. For the feed efficiency, the chicks received wet silage were also responded favorably over that of control, but little statistical significance was observed between two groups.

우모분의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ) 한국축산학회 1971 한국축산학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This feeding experiment was carried out to compare the nutritive value of feather meal with that of perilla meal or soybean meal at 2 and 4% levels. Feather meal was replaced with perilla meal at 2 and 4% levels of soybean meal by weight to weight basis. Also with day old of the cross between W. Rock and W. Cornish were alloted into 4 treatments with 3 replications involving a total of 96 chicks and the experiments were run for a period of 4 weeks. The experimental results obtained were as follows. The results indicate that the values of weight gain have little statistical significant difference between the groups of perilla and feather meal. This is also true for the groups of feather meal replaced with soybean. As for the feed efficiency, the groups of feather meal replaced with perilla or soybean meals are favorably responded over the control groups of perilla or soybean meal and these are shown to be significant at 1% level. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that feathermeal can be used upto 4% level to replace with perilla meal, and to the levels of 2% in the case of soybean meal replaced.

우모분과 모발분의 사료가치 비교시험

지규만 ( K M Chee ),김춘수 ( C S Kim ),강유성 ( Y S Kang ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Chicken feather was processed with alkali as well as autoclaving, to compare the feeding value of feather meal of both processing methods. Studies were also to compare the nutritive values of human-hair meal and feather meal for poultry. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Pepsin digestability of alkali processed feather meal was very much comparable to that of autoclaving, indicating that either alkali treatment or autoclaving is applicable to process raw feathers for feather meal production. 2) Prior treatment of raw feather with dilute alkali shortens the autoclaving time of processing feather, and the feeding value of processed feather was also improved over that of the feather meal processed with autoclaving alone. 3) The feeding trials indicate that the group of chickens fed alkali treated hair meal is equally well responded with that of alkali treated feather meal, showing both feather meal and hair meal could be replaceable each other as a nutritive ingredient for poultry. 4) Both feather meal and hair meal could be added in feed up to 4% to replace soybean meal or fish meal or both without exerting any adverse effects on the growth.

대두단백질 및 카제인 섭취가 병아리의 혈액 Cholesterol 함량에 미치는 영향 비교

지규만(Kew Mahn Chee),김영미(Young Mee Kim),전지영(Jee Young Juhn),최인숙(In Sook Choi),오미향(Mi-Hyang Oh) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

대두단백질(ISP)이 혈액 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 카제인, 어분, 쌀단백질, 옥수수 단백질(글루텐 밀) 등과 함께 이들을 각각 함유한 반정제(semi-purified) 사료를 2주간 병아리에게 급여하였다. 병아리는 쥐에 비해 혈액 콜레스테롤에 예민하게 반응하며, 인체의 지질 실험 모델로 더 적합한 동물이다. 각 단백질 사료 마다 NRC 요구량을 기준하여 부족한 필수아미노산(lysine, arginine 등)을 첨가하였다. 모든 실험 사료는 강제 급이 방식으로 1일 3회 급여하여 아미노산을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취량을 동일하게 하였다. 실험 2에서는 모든 사료에 콜레스테롤을 0.3% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여하였다. 카제인군의 병아리 증체량이 두 실험 모두 가장 저조하였고(P<0.05), 대두단백질과 어분군의 성장률이 가장 좋았다. 카제인군은 실험 1, 2에서 혈액 총콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, TG 함량이 유의하게 가장 높았고, 대두단백질 군은 다른 단백질군(쌀 · 옥수수단백질, 어분)과 대체로 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 어분군은 실험 2에서 혈액 콜레스테롤이 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질군 보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 카제인군은 간 중량이 두 실험 모두 가장 무거웠고 간의 콜레스테롤 및 총지질 함량 도 가장 많았다. 반면에 어분군은 콜레스테롤 함량을 제외하고 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질 군과 같은 수준을 보였다. 카제인군에서 나타난 고콜레스테롤혈증(hypercholesterolemia)은 전형적인 Lys- Arg 길항 작용에 의한 결과이며, 카제인을 섭취한 대부분의 동물에서 나타나는 현상이다. 반면에 대두단백질과 쌀단백질, 옥수수단백질 및 어분군의 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 비슷하게 나타나는 것은 사료 Lys/Arg 비율이 카제인만큼 심하게 높지 않기 때문이라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 대두단백질군의 저콜레스테롤 혈증(hypocholesterolemia)은 카제인에 비교할 때만 나타나는 상대적인 현상으로, 대두단백질 자체가 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시킬 수 있는 독자적인 기능을 갖고 있지 않다고 판단된다. Hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein was examined in comparison with casein and three other dietary protein sources in chicks. In two feeding trials, 40 (Expt.1) or 50 (Expt. 2), three-day-old, male chicks were forced-fed each of five semi-purified-type diets containing isolated soy protein (ISP, cp 82%), casein (cp 92%), rice protein (RP, cp 70%), corn gluten meal (CGM, cp 65%) or fish meal (FM, cp 70%) for two weeks. The diets for Expt. 2 were supplemented with 0.3% cholesterol by replacing glucose. Each protein source was the only source of protein of each diet. Essential amino acids were added to the diets to satisfy their requirements according to NRC. The diets were forced-fed to equalize the intake of all nutrients except the amino acids which were inherently variable in the diets. Chicks fed casein showed lower body weight gain than those fed the other proteins in both experiments. Birds fed ISP and FM gained better body weight than the others. Chicks fed casein showed significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) than those fed ISP and the other protein sources. Meanwhile, the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM showed comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and TG. In Expt. 2, the birds fed casein and FM showed markedly elevated plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels. Liver weight and levels of total lipids and cholesterol of chicks fed casein appeared significantly higher than those of the other protein diets, whereas those of the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM appeared comparable except cholesterol in FM group. In conclusion, only the chicks fed casein diets in both experiments always showed significantly higher levels of plasma cholesterol and TG compared to those fed ISP and the other protein sources. These results support the views that casein, which has unique lysine-arginine ratio, is inherently hyper-cholesterolemic, and ISP is hypocholesterolemic only when compared to casein.

순간항법해를 위한 PC 기반의 네트워크망 이용 소프트웨어 GPS 수신기 구현

김휘(Kim Whi),홍진석(Hong JinSeok),김상현(Kim SangHyun),지규인(Jee Gyu-In),박찬국(Park ChanGook) 제어로봇시스템학회 2001 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.10

Streptococcus faecium의 급여가 육계의 성장과 장내 세균총 변화에 미치는 영향

김경수,지규만,이상진,조성근,김삼수,이웅,Kim, K.S.,Chee, K.M.,Lee, S.J.,Cho, S.K.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, W. 한국가금학회 1991 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.18 No.2

본 실험은 육계에서 생균제 Streptococcus faecium C-68(SF)과 항생제 colistin (Col)의 단독 또는 혼합 급여가 증체율과 장내 세균총 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시하였다. 암수 동수의 초생추 252수를 공시하여 Col과 SF를 첨가하지 않은 기초사료구(대조구), 기초사료+Col 10ppm첨가구, SF 0.04%구, SF 0.04%+col 10ppm구, SF 0.08%구, SF 0.08%+col 10ppm구 등 6개 처리구를 두었다. SF 0.04%구와 SF 0.08%구의 Streptococcus faecium 생균수는 사료 g당 각각 7$\times$10난, 1.4$\times$10개가 되도록 하였고, 사료는 옥수수와 대두학을 주원료로 하여 7주간 급여하였다. 사양실험이 진행되는 동안 처리구별로 분내 세균총의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 매주 말 신선한 분을 사료로 무균적으로 채취하여 조사하였고, 장내 세균총의 변화를 조사하기 위해 4주와 7주말에 처리당 9수씩 희생시켜 대장부분의 내용물을 채취하여 세균총의 분포를 조사하였다. 각 처리구 실험사료의 영양소 이용률을 조사하기 위하여 3주와 6주말 전분 채취법에 의하여 대사실험을 실시하였고, 7주말 각 처리구 별로 9수씩 희생시켜 소장의 길이와 무게를 측정하였다. 평균 증체량은 SF 0.08%(2.37kg)와 SF 0.08%+col (2.34kg)을 첨가한 처리구가 대조구(2.18kg)보다 유의적으로 높았으나 (P<0.05), 다른 처리구의 증체량은 대조구에 비하여 통계적인 차이가 없었다. 사료요구율은 SF 0.04%구를 제외한 모든 첨가구들이 대조구보다 더 개선되었고(P<0.05), 건물, 조단백질, 조지방, 총 탄수화물 등과 같은 영양소의 소화율은 전 기간 내내 SF나 Col의 첨가에 의한 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 예상했던 대로 SF첨가구의 분 중 Streptococci는 유의성 있게 증가되었는데 SF 0.04%구와 SF 0.08%구, SF 0.08%+col구에서는 통계적인 유의성이 인정되었다(P<0.05). 그러나 colistin의 단독첨가에 의한 Streptococci의 변화는 볼 수 없었고 Col과 SF와의 혼합 첨가구에서도 Col첨가가 Streptococci수의 변화에 미치는 영향은 볼 수 없었다. 분 중의 coliforms수는 SF와 Col의 첨가된 사료의 급여에 의해 현저히 감소되었다(P<0.05) 그러나 SF와 Col의 혼용효과는 관찰할 수 없었다. 장내 세균총의 분포 변화도 분중의 세인총 변화와 같은 양식을 나타냈다. 소장의 길이는 SF 0.08%구와 SF 0.08%+col 10ppm구에서 SF를 급여하지 않은 처리구보다 10%정도 유의하게 긴 것으로 나타났다(P<0.05). 그러나 소장의 무게(empty weight)는 대조구에 비하여 SF 0.08%구와 SF 0.08%+col구에서 가벼워졌고, Col과 SF를 단독 또는 혼용 급여한 모든 처리구의 단위길이 당 소장무게는 유의성 있게 감소된 것을 볼 수 있었다(P<0.05). 전체적인 결과를 볼 때 SF가 0.08%첨가된 구에서 육계의 증체량 개선효과가 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 10ppm의 colistin첨가는 SF와 혼용했을 때나 10ppm 그 자체만으로는 육계의 증체효과 또는 양내 세란총 변화의 관점에서 볼 때 유익하지 못했고, SF와 Col은 소장의 벽 두께를 않게 변화시키는 효능이 있다고 추측된다. Effect of Streptococcus faecium(SF) and an antibiotic, Colistin(Col), supplemented to diets singly or in combination, on the performances and changes of intestinal population of microflora of broiler chicks studied. A total of 252, day-old chicks(Arbor Acre) of mixed sex(M:F=1:1) were alloted into six groups. A diet with no Col and SF was referred as a control diet. The basal diets were added with two levels of SF, 0.04 and 0.08%, singly or in combination with Col 10ppm Another diet was prepared by adding only Col 10 ppm. Numbers of the microorganism in diets added with SF 0.04% and 0.08% were 7$\times$10$^{4}$ and 1.4$\times$10$^{5}$ /g diet respectively The diets consisting of corn and soybean meal as major ingredients were fed for a period of seven weeks . During the feeding trial, fresh excreta were sampled at the end of every week in a sterilized condition to count microbial changes from each dietary group. Microbial changes of large intestine were also measured from nine birds sacrificed at the end of the 4th and 7th weeks each time per dietary group. Excreta from all the groups were also collected quantitatively at the end of 3rd and 6th weeks to measure digestibility of the diets, At the end of 7th week, nine birds from each group were also sacrificed to measure weight changes of gastrointestinal tracts . Average body weight gains of broilers fed the diets added with SF 0.08% (2.37kg) or SF 0. 08%+col 10ppm(2.34kg) were significantly larger than that of the control(2.18kg). The weight gains of the other groups were not statistically different from that of the control Feed/gain ratios of the supplemental groups were better than that of control (P<0.05) except that of birds fed the diet added only with SF 0.04%. Digestibilities of nutrients such as dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and total carbohydrates were not altered by the consumption of the diets added with SF and/or Col throughout the whole feeding period. As expected, the numbers of Streptococci in the excreta from birds fed diets added with SF increased significantly with a statistical difference between groups with SF 0.04% and SF 0.08% most of the time. However. addition of Colistin to the diets supplemented with SF did not give any effects on the number of the microorganism. Numbers of coliforms in the excreta were apparently reduced by feeding the diets added with SF and/or Col(P<0.05). There were, however, no additive effects observed between the two feed additives in this regard when supplementing Col to the SF diets. Distributions of intestinal microflora exhibited exactly the same pattern as those of the excreta. Length of small intestine of the birds fed diets added with SF 0.08% with or without Col 10 ppm became significantly longer with a range of about 10% than those of the birds fed diets without SF. However, the empty weight of the small inestine of the former group was lighter than that of control These changes resulted in a significant reduction in weight/unit length of the intestine of the birds fed diets supplemented with Col and SF singly or in combination. In overall conclusion, diet added with SF 0.08% appeared most effective in improving broiler performances. Colistin added at a level of 10ppm was not beneficial at all in itself or in combination with SF in terms of broiler performances or changes of intestinal microflora population. The efficacy of SF and Col could be attributed to the changes of wall thickness of the small intestine.

이동통신망을 이용한 무선측위에서 오차 모델링을 이용한 측위 성능 향상

김욱(Kim Wuk),이장규(Lee Jang Gyu),지규인(Jee Gyu In) 제어로봇시스템학회 2001 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.10

주요 곡류의 에너지 함량 평가에 관한 연구

김은미 (Kim Eun-Mi),우순자 (Woo Soon-Ja),지규만 (Chee Kew-Mahn) 韓國營養學會 1996 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.29 No.1