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조시온,이재백,진영호,정태오,윤재철,박보영 대한응급의학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.6 No.1
Objective The head-tilt/chin-lift (HT/CL) is a simple, routinely used maneuver to open the upper airway. Changes in the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) before and after the HT/CL maneuver have not been evaluated among conscious volunteers who are regarded as a control cohort. 'Methods Sixty healthy 20-year-old volunteers (30 males and 30 females) were enrolled. The supine position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 10° angle to the horizontal. The HT/CL position was defined as the position at which the ear-eye line was at a 25° angle to the horizontal. PEFR was measured using a hand-held device with the subject in the supine position (pre-PEFR) and HT/CL position (post-PEFR), respectively. One set was defined as these two measurements. Five sets of measurements were performed on each subject (300 sets). The set with the maximal and minimal difference between pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were excluded from the analysis. We used a paired t-test to compare the mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR values for the entire group and subgroups divided by sex, height, body weight, body mass index and response status. Results Overall, 360 measurements (180 sets) were analyzed. The mean pre-PEFR and post-PEFR were 316.1±87.6 and 346.5±94.7 L/min, respectively. Further, significant differences were observed for sex, height, body weight, and body mass index. In 10 subjects, post-PEFR was lower than pre-PEFR. Conclusion PEFR increased by 9.6% after the HT/CL maneuver in young conscious subjects, but some subjects showed decreased PEFR after the HT/CL maneuver.
김시온 ( Kim Sion ),조은하 ( Jo Eunha ),최수훈 ( Choi Soohoon ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-
In the current research, various conditions were evaluated to understand the release of fibrous microplastics and organic leachate from teabags. Six commercial teabags composed of 4 different plastic materials were tested under different temperatures, fiber damages, and water contact times. The main object of the research was to verify the amount of microplastics or organic leachate that may occur in tea consumed in our every day lives. The main focus was to verify the fibrous microplastic release and organic leachate of teabags under different damages. Damages of 1 ~ 10 cm were conducted on the teabags and submerged in glass vials under different temperatures. The teabags were cut with steal scissors of different degrees and the tea leaves were removed. Empty teabags were washed with deionized (DI) water for three trials before the experiments were conducted. Three empty teabags were submerged in every glass vial and submerged under constant temperatures in a water bath. the water bath contained a shaker where the samples were shaked during each trial. After being submerged in the water bath, the water from the teabags were filtered through a cellulous acetate membrane filter with pore sizes of 1 μm. Each filter was rinsed thoroughly and filtered with DI water before filtrations of the teabag samples. Filtered fibrous microplastics were counted with an optical microscope. Residual microplastics in the filtered water were analyzed with a TOC anayzer, dynamic light scattering analyzer, and SEM imaging. Results showed a logametric increase for both fibrous microplastic release and organic leachate with the increase of the damage inflicted on the teabags. Samples under higher temperatures also showed a higher release of the fibrous microplastics and leached TOC matter. The time for which the damaged teabags were submerged under water also showed a strong correlation with plastic release and TOC leaching. The hydraulic size of the filtered microplastics were in the size range of 1 nm to 2.4 μm. SEM resulted also showed similar sizes of microplastics with EDX results indicating the fibers as polymeric matters. The type of teabags and its assembly method also indicated a degree of influence in the release and leachate of the teabags. The current research has showed the amount of potential mircroplastic consumption via tea consumption.
서동영,조시온,이재백,진영호,정태오,윤재철 대한응급의학회 2015 대한응급의학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2015 No.2
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic value of lactate for predicting bacteremia in female patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN). We conducted a retrospective study of female patients with APN who visited the study hospital emergency department (ED). Demographics, co-morbidities, and physiologic variables including white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and initial serum lactate level were collected and analyzed in order to reveal which were associates with the presence of bacteremia. During the study period, a total of 168 patients were enrolled. 78 patients had bacteremia. E.coli was most frequent pathogen. Logistic regression analysis showed that lactate level was independently associated with the presence of bacteremia (odd ratio 1.9 (95% confidential interval 1.3-2.8)). C-statistic of lactate level was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.60-0.76). At a cut-off value of 2 mmol/L, lactate level predicted bacteremia with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and accuracy of 35.9%, 92.2%, 80.0%, 62.4%, 4.62, 0.70 and 66.1%, respectively. Initial serum lactate level showed fair discriminative performance for bacteremia prediction in female patients with APN.