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조명한 서울대학교 어학연구소 1977 語學硏究 Vol.13 No.2
While the study of language development in children has rich historical tradition, especially, the last decade has seen a much more rapid development in subtelety of research methods, depth of theoretical issues, and abundance of new findings. This paper aimed to review five current questions about language development in order to suggest some promising directions. First, any effort to try to apply a certain grammar to child language has only taken researchers to endless distributional detail of doubtful generality, and never sufficiently complete. Therefore, 'the goal of creating a type of grammar that is suitable for both adult and child language remains. The two cannot be considered in isolation from each other, for eventually the child's language becomes that of the adult.' Second, both of the findings that reveal the gradual continuity of language development and the tremendous effects of parental speech on children strongly discourage the innateness hypothesis. Third, a lot of characteristics in child speech has proved to have some generality which supports the universality hypothesis, but not innateness. The D.I. Slobin's principle, 'new forms express old functions, and new functions are first expressed by old forms', is compatible with cognitive prerequisites for the syntactic development. Fourth, recent studies on the structure and/or acquisition of word meaning have focused attention on the role played by prototypes or best exemplars in the internal structure of natural categories to which words refer. A new paradigm of reference that radically departs from the traditional view of all-or-none categorization is emerging. Fifth, efforts to teach chimpanzees language are remarkably in progress. The chimpanzees have become capable to demonstrate stage I child language, so that the species-specific and species-uniform assumption for human language is open to doubt.
아동의 언어발달 단계에 관한 심리학적 연구 Ⅰ : 초기 언어
조명한,정복선 서울大學校 語學硏究所 1975 應用 言語學 Vol.7 No.1
This study, in which the data were longitudinal transcriptions of the spontaneous speech of three Korean children, aimed at depicting developmental stages of their language. In order to write generative grammars of the three children's utterances, analysis of distributional characteristics and underlying semantic relations were made. Thereafter, the following five developmental stages of earlier child language were proposed: Monoreme stage, which has been traditionally called one-word sentence; Duoreme stage, in which the first-position word of the two-word utterance functions either as a vocative or a deictic interjection: Two-word sentence-stage, in which either syntactical relation in grammartical level or case-relationship in cognitive level is explicitly implied; Three or more words sentence stage, a stage of more complex constructions of hierarchical structures in which semantical relation as well as sentence length is more complicated.