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이경희 ( Kyonghee Lee ),정하나 ( Hana Chung ),김치완 ( Chiwan Kim ) 한국연금학회 2016 연금연구 Vol.6 No.1
국내 변액연금상품은 2002년 말 투자수단을 활용하여 노후소득을 마련하기 위해 도입되었다. 변액연금 시장은 도입 초반 급성장하였으나, 불완전판매 및 수익률 논란 등을 겪으면서 2011년 이후 지속적인 축소 국면을 보이고 있다. 이러한 상황을 타개하기 위해 변액연금 시장이 발전한 미국의 경험과 발전요인을 고찰한 후 국내 시장에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. 미국 변액연금 시장이 지속적으로 성장하고 있는 것은 보험사가 금융환경 변화 및 소비자 니즈에 적극 대응하여 상품의 경쟁력을 제고시켰기 때문이다. 국내 변액연금 사업자도 상품 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 고객-상품-채널전략을 수립해야 한다. 수익률에 민감한 국내 30~40대 변액연금 소비자의 실효수익률을 높이기 위해서는 하이브리드 및 후취방식으로 설계된 상품을 제공할 필요가 있다. 또한, 유지관리서비스를 강화할 수 있는 유통채널을 발굴하고, 계약 유지율과 투자성과를 제고할 수 있는 보수방식을 모색해야 한다. Variable annuity was introduced in 2002 in Korean insurance market. Under low economic growth and aging environment, customers needed new investment vehicle to cover low interest rate and longevity risk. Variable annuity got some accomplishment for a while but with the issue of low expected return and incomplete sales, market has been collapsed. Low expected return issue also yielded controversy in the USA, but variable annuity market is still promising in the USA. Insurance companies added various customer-friendly minimum guaranteed benefit options on the products and changed the way of expense structures. Now variable annuity compete with other investment-type products such as mutual funds. After a review of experience and development factors of the US variable annuity market we suggest the implications for the domestic market as follows. Insurers need to establish Customer-Products-Channel strategy for responding customer’s needs and changing financial environment. In order to increase the effective yield, insurer need to provide hybrid back-end loading designed product, because customers by 30s and 40s are sensitive to variable annuity yield. Insurer need to develop the distribution channels for enhancing the maintenance service. New compensation for sales charge also need to be developed in order to improve maintenance rate of contracts and investment return.
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어린이집 원장의 스트레스 및 서번트 리더십이 소진에 미치는 영향: 청지기 정신의 조절효과를 중심으로
김유미 ( Kim Yu Mi ),정하나 ( Chung Hana ) 대한가정학회 2017 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.55 No.6
This study investigated the effect of a child care center directors’ work stress and awareness of their servant leadership on burnout. The subjects of this study were 200 child care center directors in Incheon. They responded to ‘Work Stress Scale’, ‘Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)’, ‘Servant Leadership Scale’. There were five subscales of Servant Leadership Scale (altruistic calling, emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship). Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation and hierarchical regression. Moderating effects were examined using analysis procedures of Baron and Kenny. The major results were as follows. First, child care center directors’ burnout and work stress were positively correlated. Child care center directors’ burnout and awareness of their servant leadership (emotional healing, wisdom, persuasive mapping, and organizational stewardship) was negatively correlated. Second, child care center directors’ work stress, emotional healing, persuasive mapping and organizational stewardship affected their burnout. This means that the work stress of child care center directors increases their burnout. However, the child care center director’s servant leadership is a factor in reducing burnout. Third, child care center directors’ work stress and organizational stewardship had an interaction effect on burnout. The results suggests that child care center directors’ organizational stewardship needs to be considered as an important factor for decreasing their own burnout. We also discussed implications and suggestions for future research and policy makers.
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마우스에서 고려 홍삼의 구강내 섭취를 통한 소음성 난청의 예방효과
안중호(Joong Ho Ahn),김태수(Tae Soo Kim),정하나(Hana Chung),이나영(Nayoung Lee),정종우(Jong Woo Chung) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.2
고려 홍삼이 소음성 난청에서 청력 보호 및 회복에 관여하는 지를 밝히기 위하여 마우스에서 홍삼을 투여 후 소음에 노출시켜 청력 역치의 변화 및 와우의 활성 산소 유리기에 대한 노출 정도를 보았다. 영구적 청력 역치 이동의 경우에 홍삼은 청력 보호 및 회복에 관여하지 못했다. 하지만 일과성 청력 역치 이동의 경우에는 홍삼이 어느 정도의 농도 이상으로 투여 된다면 청력 회복에 효과적으로 작용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 향후 홍삼의 난청 억제 효과에 대해 적정 농도 및 투여 방법 등에 대한 후속연구가 뒤따라야 하겠고 인간에서 발생하는 소음성 난청에의 적합성 판정을 위해 보다 장기적인 소음 노출 기간과 장기적인 홍삼 복용에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다. 또한 홍삼내의 여러 활성물질에 관한 연구를 통하여 보다 효과적인 화합물을 찾기 위한 노력도 동반되어야 할 것이다. It is well known that the saponin of Korean red ginseng (KRG) has an anti-oxidant effect and could suppress the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present study was to observe the inhibitory effect of KRG on mice with noise-induced hearing loss, and to determine its optimal dose. BALB/c mice with a normal hearing level and normal Preyer's reflexes were used in the study. The mice in the permanent-threshold-shift (PTS) group were exposed to noise (120-㏈ SPL, white noise band) in a noise booth for 3 h a day, for three consecutive days. The mice in the experimental group were given heat-processed red-ginseng extract (50 ㎎/㎏, 100 ㎎/㎏, and 200 ㎎/㎏), and those in the control group were given normal saline alone during their noise exposure. The mice in the temporary-threshold-shift (TTS) group were exposed to noise (120 ㏈SPL, white noise band) in a noise booth for 3 h. The mice in the experimental group were given heat-processed red-ginseng extract (50 ㎎/㎏, 100 ㎎/㎏, and 200 ㎎/㎏), and those in the control group were given normal saline alone before their noise exposure. The hearing levels of the mice were measured through auditory brainstem response (ABR) immediately and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after their noise exposure. Cochleae were removed from the mice 14 days after their noise exposure. Immunochemical and immunofluorescent staining were performed to observe the expression of 8-oxoG in cochlea. In the PTS group, the hearing function of the mice in all the groups was not recovered after their noise exposure. In the TTS group, however, the hearing function of the mice in all the groups was recovered within 14 days. Reduced hearing impairment and early recovery were observed in the mice that were given 200 ㎎/㎏ KRG, and early recovery was observed in the mice that were given 100 mg/kg KRG. The immunopositive staining of 8-oxoG was detected in the stria vascularis in the control group but was diminished in the mice that were given 200 ㎎/㎏ KRG. The ingestion of more than 100 ㎎/㎏ KRG demonstrated a protection and recovery effect on the noiseinduced-TTS group. Since KRG has been reported to be a safe compound even up to hundreds of mg/kg, a higher concentration of it may effectively protect and recover TTS.
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