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정장훈(Janghoon Jeong),양승우(Seungwoo Yang),홍성주(SungJoo Hong),최종화(Jonghwa Choi),김명순(Myungsoon Kim),하리다(Reeda Ha) 과학기술정책연구원 2017 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
As the economic crisis, research for Improving Government R&D Budget Efficiency are discussed constantly. And that"s why we analyze R&D Budget Allocation focus on comprehensive Coordination System and Distribution Standard of R&D Budget. In chapter 2, We introduce theoretical background consist of Government Budget System, Government Budget Allocation & Coordination Process and R&D Budget comprehensive Coordination System. In chapter 3, we explore problems of R&D Budget Allocation. On the basis of Status on R&D Budget Allocation & Coordination and Previous Studies, we set direction for improving allocative efficiency. In chapter 4, we review Budget of National Science & Technology Council, Cases of United States of America and Japan, standard of Macroscopic Resource Allocation. In chapter 5, by combining analysis results, we derive various problems and propose improvements of R&D budget allocation. According to the results of this study, the problems of R&D budget allocation and coordination are as follows. First, since deliberation of National Science & Technology Council has no binding power, it has little impact on budgetary process. Second, it is difficult to strategically set direction because the Spending Limit is set as bottom-up, and the department has no discretionary authority over Program Spending Limits. Third, it is difficult to strategically allocate the budget because the Top-down system is hardly operated according to the purpose of the system. Therefore, the suggestions for improve the R&D budget allocation and coordination are as follows. First, the National Science & Technology Council’s right to budget allocation and coordination should be amended to vote from deliberate under Framework Act on Science and Technology. and the Organization should consist of a bunch of civilian experts not bureaucracy. Second, Bottom-up elements should be used under the Top-down system. To set Spending Limits effectively, it should be operated according to a program focused on General Account. Third, the compatibility between science & technology related plans should be secured focused on Framework Plan on Science and Technology. Fourth, it should be establish a basis for the (tentative) Strategic R&D Project at the Innovation Headquarters (under Ministry of Science and ICT) level. and Special budget should be secured for National Undertaking by amend National Finance Act. To improve the problem of Sunset, The right to Preliminary Feasibility Study should be transferred to Ministry of Science and ICT. Fifth, National Science & Technology Council’s discussion should be submit to Council and open up by newly established regulation. This study has academic significance as it is improve the accuracy of problem diagnosis by covering acquired qualitative methods on R&D budget allocation process recognized as Black Box. Also, this study has politic implications as it is a key debate on the macro-budgetary allocation in the low-growth period, and it is one of major national political agendas of the current government. It is expect that future study provide a comprehensive analysis of the budget system based on the basic data for improving the efficiency of the government R&D budget process provided in this study.