소나무잔나비버섯(Fomitopsis pinicola) 톱밥재배 연구

장현유,오승희,이호진,Chang, Hyun-You,Oh, Seung-Hee,Lee, Hoo-Jin 한국버섯학회 2004 한국버섯학회지 Vol.2 No.4

소나무잔나비버섯의 톱밥재배를 위한 가장 적정한 종균 배양적 특성을 요약하면 적정온도는 $30^{\circ}C$이며, 적정 pH가 소나무잔나비버섯균은 pH 5이다. 톱밥배지의 적정 수분함량은 60%이며, 주재료는 미송톱밥, 첨가재료는 맥주박이었다. 또한 적정 첨가재료인 맥주박의 첨가량은 20%, calcium carbonate의 첨가함량은 0.1%, sucrose의 첨가함량은 0.1%이었다. LVD의 첨가함량은 0.01%이었다. This study was carried out to investigate the physiological charateristics of F. pinicola in sawdust media. The optimum temperature in sawdust media was $30^{\circ}C$ in of F. pinicola. The optimum pH was 5 in F. pinicola. Mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola was quite good when birch tree and oak sawdust, respectively were used as cultural substrates. The best mycelial growth in F. pinicola was observed when beer waste was added as supplement on sawdust substrates. The optimum supplement ratios of beer waste and a magnecium sulfate were 20%, and 0.1% respectively. However, optimun supplement ratios of a calcium oxide and a LVD were different as 0.1% in F. pinicola.

횐목이균과 공생균의 목재분해력에 관한 연구

장현유,Chang, Hyun-You 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2003 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.5 No.1

The yields and biological efficiency depending on the capacity of culture bottles in sawdust cultivation was very high in using 850㎖ bottle. In reduction ratio of sawdust, lignin and holocellulose, mixed fungi among the three cultures showed the most reduction ratio.

흰목이버섯의 톱밥재배에 관한 연구

장현유,Chang, Hyun-You 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2003 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.5 No.1

The yields and biological efficiency depending on the capacity of culture bottles in sawdust cultivation was very high in using 850㎖ bottle. Yields through co-culture had little difference between the mycelial stages and the longer preservation time the less mycelial amounts.

소나무잔나비버섯(Fomitopsis pinicola) 인공재배를 위한 균사 배양적 특성

장현유,오승희,이호진,Chang, Hyun-You,Oh, Seung-Hee,Lee, Hoo-Jin 한국버섯학회 2004 한국버섯학회지 Vol.2 No.4

The results of examining characteristics of mycelial growth and culture condition for determining the condition of artificially culturing Fomitopsis pinicola are as follows. 1) Mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola. were the highest in the medium of PIDA(Pine Dextrose Agar;66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of GDA, PDA, CDA, PODA, ODA, YM, MCM, MEA(pH 4.7), CHA, and MEA(pH 4.7). 2) Optimal temperature for the mycelial growth and density of F. pinicola were shown to be $30^{\circ}C$, but the mycelia were dead at $40^{\circ}C$. the mycelial growth and density of KNAC9005 strains was the highest at $30^{\circ}C$(66.3mm/10d) followed by the order of 25, 20, 15, 35, 10, and $5^{\circ}C$. 3) Optimal pH for the mycelial growth and density of $40^{\circ}C$ was revealed to be 6.0(88.4mm/10d). above or below pH 6.0, the mycelial growth and density were shown to be retarded. 4) Optimal carbon, nitrogen and organic acid sources for the spawn growth of $40^{\circ}C$ were maltose(331mg/25ml/15d), peptone(347mg/25ml/15d), and glutamic acid(357mg/25ml/15d), respectively. Optimal level of biotin was 370mg/15d and optimal C/N ratio was 40. 소나무잔나비버섯 인공재배를 위한 균사배양적 특성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 소나무잔나비버섯균의 적정배지는 PIDA(Pine Dextrose Agar)에서 66.3mm/10일로 균사생장과 균사밀도가 가장 좋았으며, 그 다음은 GDA, PDA, CDA, PODA, ODA, YM, MCM, MEA(pH4.7), CHA, MEA(pH4.7) 순이었다. 2) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$이었으며 $40^{\circ}C$에서는 균사가 사멸하였다. KNAC3005 균주는 $30^{\circ}C$에서 66.3mm/10일로 균사생장과 밀도가 가장 양호하였으며, 온도별로는 25, 20, 15, 35, 10, $5^{\circ}C$ 순으로 균사생장 속도와 밀도가 좋았다. 3) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장과 밀도에 가장 적정한 산도(pH)는 6.0에서 88.4mm/10일이며 그보다 높거나 낮으면 균사생장과 밀도에 저해를 받는다. 4) 소나무잔나비버섯의 균사생장에 적합한 탄소원은 maltose로 331mg/25ml/15일이며, 최적 질소원은 peptone으로 347mg이다. 최적 유기산은 glutamic acid로 357mg이었다. 최적 비타민은 biotin으로 370mg/15days이며 C/N율은 40이 적정하였다.

고활성칼슘의 버섯 생육에 대한 효과

장현유,구자준,Chang, Hyun-You,Goo, Ja-Joon 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.1

고활성칼슘은 패각류를 고온($1,500{\sim}5,000^{\circ}C$)에서 고전압(약 15,000V)의 전기를 통하여 전기분해해서 생산하는 산화칼슘이며, 제품의 순도가 대단히 높고 독성이 전무하며, 분자간의 결합력을 약화시켜 생체 내 활성도와 용해도가 탁월한 물질이다. 이의 버섯의 생육단계별 고활성칼슘 처리효과는 다음과 같다. 느타리버섯은 배지 수분조절시 혼합할 때 균사배양일수가 2일 단축, 초발이 소요일수는 1일 빠르고, 유효발이경수가 15개, 개체중이 148g/850cc로 6.5% 증수되었다. 큰느타리버섯은 배지 수분조절시 혼합할 때 균사배양일수가 3일 단축, 초발이 소요일수는 1일 빠르고, 생육소요일수가 6일간 단축, 개체중이 108.1g/850cc로 9.7% 증수되었다. 팽이버섯은 균긁기 시 처리가 가장 좋았다. 균사배양일수가 2일 단축, 초발이 소요일수는 3일 빠르고, 생육기간은 1일 빠르며, 재배기간은 3일간 단축, 개체중이 165g/850cc로 6.7% 증수되었다. 표고는 배지 혼합시 배양일수가 3일, 갈변화 시작일이 2일, 첫수확 소요일수가 4일 단축되며, 수량은 169g/2kg으로 9.7% 증수되었다. Highly Activated Calcium(below HAC) is the oxidized calcium made by dissolving shell materials with high voltage about 15,000V and high temperature ($1,500{\sim}5,000^{\circ}C$). This HAC is a material with a very high degree of purity without toxicant. This HAC decreases chemical reaction so the degree of being active and dissolving living material is outstanding. The effects of HAC on the propagation of mushrooms are following. In the case of the Pleurotus ostreatus, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the HAC, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 2days. The day required for primordial formation after inoculation(DPI) were one day faster. The number of stem was 15 and individual weight was 248g/850cc, a 6.5% increase. In the case of Pleurotus eryngii, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the highly activated calcium, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 3days. DPI were l day faster. The day required for colonization after inoculation was shortened by 6days and individual weight was 108.8g/850cc, a 9.7% increase. In the case of Flammulina velutipes, the highly activated calcium was the best for scraping up mycelium. Mycelium incubating days were shortened by 2days. DPI were shortened by 3days. The day required for colonization after inoculation was 1day faster and the period of cultivation was shortened by 3days. Individual weight was 165g/850cc, a 6.7% increase. In the case of Lentinula edodes, when mixing media with the highly cultivated calcium, cultivating days were shortened by 3 days. The days for becoming brown in color were 2 days faster and the days of the first harvest were shortened by 4 days. The weight of mushrooms was 169g/2kg, a 9.7% increase.

소나무잔나비버섯(Fomitopsis pinicola) 원목재배 연구

장현유,오승희,이호진,Chang, Hyun-You,Oh, Seung-Hee,Lee, Ho-Jin 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.3

소나무잔나비버섯의 자실체 형성에 있어서 일광의 영향은 빛의 파장이 골고루 함유된 자연광이 가장 좋았다. $CO_2$ 농도는 0.2% 이상에서 자실체 형성에 영향을 미치기 시작하여 2% 이상에서는 자실체 형성이 되지 못한다. 온도의 영향은 $26^{\circ}C{\pm}2$에서 $15^{\circ}C$ 전후에서 자실체 형성을 촉진한다. 소나무잔나비버섯의 원목 길이가 120cm이고 직경이 6cm일 때 구멍수가 27개가 되며 10ccm일 때 45개, 20cm일 때 90개가 된다. 수확한 자실체를 72시간 동안 햇볕에 건조할 때 자실체 색깔이 생체와 비슷한 색택을 유지하여 가장 좋았다. 소나무잔나비버섯의 재배중 발생하는 병충해는 T. viridae외 6가지 곰팡이와 1종의 세균 Psedomonas sp., 원목 주위에 흰개미, 버섯파리, 딱정벌레류가 발견되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the cultural charateristics of Fomitopsis pinicola in log woods. The optimal conditions for log cultivation as follows; 1) Light effect, natural light 2) $CO_2$, 0.2% below 3) Low temperature shock, $15^{\circ}C$ for 5 days 4) log-length, 100~120cm 5) It takes 52~65 days for primodia induction is possible to harvest fruiting bodies for 5~6 months. Meanwhile, the total of 10 species pest including Trichoderma sp. occurred during the cultivation.

옥수수 배아박의 버섯 균사생장의 미강대체 효과

장현유,김동훈,이상혁,Chang, Hyun-You,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Sang-Hyuk 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2001 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.3 No.1

The objective of this study was to determine effects of corn germ meal(CGM) and condensed molasses fermentation solubles(CMS) as the replacement of rice bran on mycelial growth and density in various mushrooms. The results of this study showed that CGM and CMS might be utilized more efficiently than rice bran in culturing mushrooms. The results are as follows; 1. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus was remarkably higher than that of control when the concentration of CGM and CMS was 10%, respectively. However, the mycelial density was lower than that of control. Thus, Considering the mycelial growth as well as density, it was found that 20% supplements of CGM and CMS resulted in the best with 78mm/10d and 71mm/10d, respectively. 2. Mycelial growth of Pleurotus eryngii in the treatment group of 10% CMS and 20% CGM showed 74mm/10d and 67mm/10d, respectively. This result tended to be equal or somewhat lower compared with that of control(74mm/10d). 3. Mycelial growth of Flamulina velutipes was 87mm/10d in the treatment of 10% CMS, 79mm/10d in the treatment of 20% CGM, which showed significantly higher than that of control(56mm/10d). When the contents of CGM and CMS were mixed with the amount of 10-30%, Thus, it was assumed that the quantity of mushrooms may increase with the supplements of CEM and CMS. 4. Mycelial growth of Lentinus edodes in the treatment group of 10-40% CMS and 10-30% CGM showed 58-52mm/10d and 56-49mm/10d, respectively. This result was significantly higher that control(47mm/10d). 5. When CMS and CGM were supplememted with the level of 10-30%, mycelial growth rate of Ganoderma lucidum showed 76-72mm/10d and 74-69mm/10d, respectively, which are higher than those of control.

고농도 셀레늄 처리가 노랑느타리버섯(Pleurotus cornucopiae) 생육과 물질전이에 미치는 영향(II)

장현유,정기철,장인자,Chang, Hyun-You,Chung, Ki-Chul,Jang, In-Ja 한국버섯학회 2005 한국버섯학회지 Vol.3 No.2

600, 700, 800, 900, $1000{\mu}g/50g$ 무기셀레늄($Na_2SeO_3$)의 배지처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간은 대조구 22일에 비하여 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$처리는 3~8일까지 농도가 진할수록 배양기간이 길어졌다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 균사밀도는 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$처리 까지는 대조구와 동일하게 보통이었다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 초발이소요일수는 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$처리는 대조구 5일에 비해 3~8일 까지 농도가 진할수록 초발이소요일수가 길어졌다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 유효경수는 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$처리는 10~16개로 대조구 18개에 비해 2~8개 까지 농도가 진할수록 유효경수가 적어졌다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 수량(개체중)은 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$ 처리는 94~166g/850cc로 대조구 123g/850cc에 비해 5.7~23.5%까지 농도가 높을수록 수량이 감소되었다. $Na_2SeO_3$의 처리에 의한 노랑느타리버섯 축적된 유기셀레늄 량은 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$처리까지 $9.1{\sim}10.8{\mu}g/g/dry$로 농도가 높을수록 대조구 $0.05{\mu}g/g/dry$에 비해 182~216배까지 축적되었다. 결론적으로 노랑느타리버섯 균사배양기간, 균사밀도, 초발이소요일수, 유효경수, 개체중, 유기셀레늄 전이량은 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$에서 억제되는 경향이 나타남에 따라 가장 적당한 농도는 $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$보다 낮은 $400{\mu}g/50g$이라고 본다. The research for incubation period, mycelial density, day required for primordial formation after inoculation(below DPI), number of valid stipes, individual weight and accumulation amounts of organic selenium for P. cornucopiae by treating 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000(${\mu}g/50g$) of $Na_2SeO_3$ is following. Incubation periods of P. cornucopiae are 25~30 days per each treatment with $Na_2SeO_3$. Compared to the control which took 22 days of incubation period, it is increased 3 or 8 days for the treatment of $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/50g$. Mycelial density of P. cornucopiae treated with $Na_2SeO_3$ between 600 and $1000{\mu}g/50g$ is very similar with control. DPI of P. cornucopiae treated with $Na_2SeO_3$ between 600 and $1000{\mu}g/50g$ was increased 3 or 8 days. Number of valid stipes of P. cornucopiae treated with $Na_2SeO_3$ between 600 and $1000{\mu}g/50g$ was between 10 and 16. It was decreased 2 or 8 as compared to 18 of control. Individual weight of P. cornucopiae treated with $Na_2SeO_3$ between 600 and $1000{\mu}g/50g$ was between 94 and 116g/850cc. It was decreased 5.7~23.5% as compared to 123g/850cc of the control. Accumulation amount of organic selenium for P. cornucopiae treated with $Na_2SeO_3$ between 600 and $1000{\mu}g/50g$ was $9.1{\sim}10.8{\mu}g/g/dry$. It was increased 182~216 times as the concentration increased when compared to $0.05{\mu}g/g/dry$ of the control. In conclusion, incubation period, mycelial density, DPI, number of valid stipes, individual weight and accumulation amounts of organic selenium for P. cornucopiae by treating $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/g$ of $Na_2SeO_3$ was decreased. So that the optimal treatment was less $400{\mu}g/g$ than $600{\sim}1000{\mu}g/g$.

버섯 생산량에 의한 배지 소요량 추정

장현유,Chang, Hyun-You 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2009 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.11 No.1

Required total substrates amounts for mushroom production are 212,186M/T in Korea. 80% of these total substrates amounts, 169,748 M/T is used for main substrates. Also 20%of these total substrates amounts, 42,438 M/T is used for additives. Main substrates 169,748 M/T is composed of sawdust, waste cotton, cotton seed hull, straw and com cob etc.. Additives 42,438 M/T is composed of rice bran, wheat bran and beet pulp etc. In the mushroom management, the cost of substrates purchase is composed for the most of management. Substrates amount is limited to supply, and the demand of mushroom substrates is on the increase continuously. So there is nothing but the cost of substrates are raising. Therefore the most important thing must develop the cheap substrates for the mushroom production.

느타리버섯 생육단계별 호흡량

장현유,백성호,서금희,이준호,Chang, Hyun-You,Baek, Seong-Ho,Seo, Geum-Hui,Lee, Jun-Ho 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2015 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.17 No.1

The result of respiration amount on the growth step of P. ostreatus shows as follows. On the early and middle mycelial culture step, respiration amount per minute in the 16 bottles(850cc) maintained 184.75ppm, 185.8ppm respectively. Therefore we are able to calculate how much fresh air replace in the growth chamber for optimization optimal CO₂ amount. This means early respiration amount was increased than middle a little on the proceeding mycelial culture. On the early, middle, last and post harvest growth step, the respiration amount per minute in the 16 bottles (850cc) maintained 154.5ppm, 148.1ppm, 157.1ppm and 101.6ppm respectively.