서평 : 퀘벡 모델: 캐나다 퀘백의 협동조합, 사회경제, 공공정책

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2015 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.33 No.1

이탈리아, 몬드라곤, 프랑스 노동자협동조합 발전시스템에 관한 비교분석

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2013 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.31 No.2

This paper aims to examine the ecosystem of worker cooperatives in Italy, Mondragon, and France. The worker cooperatives in the three regions have quite developed as compared to those in other countries. The research has identified three major shortcomings that hinder the growth of worker cooperatives: collective decision making costs, dual risk that worker members must take, and difficulties associated with measuring performance of management or workers. The investigation on the three cases reveals that the three regions share common features in ecosystem of worker cooperatives: the adequate role of federation to deal with collective decision making costs in primary worker cooperatives, development of financial system to resolve the dual risk, and operation of education and training programs to nurture cooperative leaders. Lastly, implications for development of worker cooperatives in Korea are offered.

협동조합의 유형화 분석: 과학기술 분야의 신설협동조합 사례를 중심으로

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2015 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.33 No.2

This paper examines a typology of cooperatives. Based on the analysis of existing literature, it suggests five distinctive types of cooperatives: consumer cooperatives, entrepreneur cooperatives, worker cooperatives, financial cooperatives, and social cooperatives. The paper utilizes the typology of cooperatives to analyze classifications of cooperatives which are specified in the framework act on cooperatives and decree of Ministry of Strategy and Finance on cooperatives. The analysis identifies that the multi-stake holder cooperatives in the classifications cannot be distinguished from social cooperatives since multi-stake holder membership is a necessary condition for social cooperatives. The paperthen conducts a FGI and a survey to the cooperatives newly established in the science and technology sector and confirms that the classification of multi-stake holder cooperatives misrepresents the reality of cooperatives. Finally, the paper suggests freelancer cooperatives which has emerged in the various industries and fields as an alternative type of cooperatives.

협동조합기본법으로 설립된 협동조합의 특성과 정책적 함의

장종익 ( Jang Jong-ick ) 한국협동조합학회 2017 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.35 No.2

본 연구는 협동조합기본법에 의하여 설립된 협동조합의 추이를 살펴보고 이러한 협동조합들이 누가 어떠한 목적으로 설립되었는지, 그리고 협동조합의 정체성은 준수되고 있는지를 구명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기획재정부의 실태조사 중 서울과 경기도의 데이터를 분석한 결과, 운영되고 있는 협동조합을 기준으로 볼 때, 협동조합의 44% 정도는 소상공인이나 소기업들이 설립하였고, 23% 정도는 프리랜서들이 설립하였으며, 19% 정도는 마을주민들이 설립한 지역공동체증진형 협동조합, 12%는 사회적협동조합인 것으로 나타났다. 협동조합의 상호성과 민주성이 준수되지 않는 사례가 관찰됨에도 이에 대한 감독방안이 마련되지 않고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 이러한 분석결과 등에 근거하여 몇 가지 정책적 함의를 제안하였다. This paper aims to identify the cooperatives that have been established since December 2012 and that are based on the Framework Act on Cooperatives. It also aims to examine whether the cooperatives have observed the cooperative principle, which includes mutuality and democracy. The survey data of cooperatives produced by the Ministry of Planning and Finance were analyzed and indicated that small entrepreneur cooperatives made up 44%, freelancer cooperatives made up 23%, and community-enhancing cooperatives made up 19% of the total number of newly established cooperatives. This paper analyzed the mandatory information disclosure documents available on the management of the cooperatives and found that some cooperatives violate the mutuality and democracy principle. Finally, the paper suggested several policy implications for cooperatives.

협동조합형 소매체인의 상대적 장점에 관한 탐색적 연구

장종익 ( Jang Jong-ick ) (사)한국협동조합학회 2020 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.38 No.3

본 연구는 협동조합기본법으로 설립된 협동조합 중에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 소상공인협동조합의 발전전략에 시사점을 제공할 목적으로 프랑스와 독일의 협동조합형 소매체인의 성공 사례를 보고하였다. 그리고 프랜차이즈 소매체인 모델과 협동조합형 소매체인 모델을 비교 분석하였다. 분석의 결과, 협동조합형 소매체인은 체인본부기능을 담당하는 협동조합에 대한 체인점주들의 소유권 보유로 인한 수직적 협력 유인이 있으며, 체인점주들 간 수평적 협력 및 조직학습 유인이 커질 수 있다는 점을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 두 가지 가설에 입각하여 한국 프랜차이즈의 특수성에서 기인하는 이해관계의 갈등구조를 해소할 수 있는 대안으로서 협동조합형 소매체인모델의 발전을 위한 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. This study reports the successful cases of cooperative retail chains in France and Germany with the aim of providing implications for the development strategy of small entrepreneurs’ cooperatives, which account for the largest portion of the cooperatives established under the Framework Act on Cooperatives. A comparative analysis of the cooperative retail chain model against the franchise retail chain model is made. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that cooperative retail chains have vertical cooperative incentives due to the chain owners' possession of co-operatives in charge of chain headquarters functions, and that horizontal cooperation and knowledge transfer motivation among chain store owners may increase. Finally, based on these two hypotheses, the policy implications for the development of the cooperative retail chain model were presented as an alternative to resolving the conflict structure of interests arising from the specificity of Korean franchises.

미국의 도축돈 장기계약거래에 관한 연구: 계약서 분석을 중심으로

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ),이일영 ( Il Young Lee ) 한국축산경영학회 2009 농업경영정책연구 Vol.36 No.2

논문(論文) : 최근 협동조합섹터의 진화

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2014 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.32 No.1

This research has been motivated by the variety of fields which recently established cooperatives of over three thousands in South Korea play in. The paper aims to examine the structural changes in cooperative sector that have recently took place in the world. The big changes have been identified as follows: first, stagnation and isomorphism of three major types of traditional cooperatives, second, emergence of innovative cooperatives in the traditional industries, third, emergence of new types of cooperatives such as social cooperatives, and lastly, policy makers` increasing attentions to the ecosystem for promoting cooperative sector. The paper claims that the structural changes in cooperative sector have been reflecting the current role of cooperatives demanded by people who have been suffered from the globalization and government failure. Therefore, it is urgently required to conduct research agenda concerning typology of cooperatives, the nature and characteristics of small entrepreneurs` cooperatives and social cooperatives, and institutional mechanism for promoting cooperative sector.

농업협동조합에 관한 이론적 연구의 현 단계와 과제

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ),김완배 ( Wan Bae Kim ) 한국농업경제학회 2010 農業經濟硏究 Vol.51 No.3

사업자협동조합의 발전가능성 탐색

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2014 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.32 No.3

This paper aims to explore factors affecting prosperity of entrepreneurs’ cooperatives which have been emerging as a dominant type of cooperatives established based on Framework Act on Cooperatives. The dominancy of entrepreneurs’ cooperatives is distinguishable in that entrepreneurs’ cooperatives except agricultural cooperatives have been rarely found and sporadic in the history of cooperatives development. The paper examines why entrepreneurs’ cooperatives in South Korea have been recently emerging predominantly. It is found that its dominancy may be explained by the desperate aspiration of self-employed and baby-boomers for cooperatives in South Korea where the self-employed and micro enterprise are still prevalent in the economy. The paper also offers presumed necessary and sufficient conditions for sustainability of entrepreneurs’ cooperatives, including advantages of small business, maximizing benefits from organizing a cooperative, and minimizing costs of running a cooperative.

협동조합의 규모화와 조직전략

장종익 ( Jong Ick Jang ) 한국협동조합학회 2011 韓國協同組合硏究 Vol.29 No.2

This paper examines problems and issues associated with cooperatives` pursuing economy of scale. A simple data analysis indicates that agricultural cooperatives, cooperative banks, and consumer cooperatives in many advanced countries have incessantly expanded their scale since their inception. It is confirmed that cooperatives have adopted organizational strategies distinguished from those pursued by their counterparts, investor-owned firms since cooperatives may be more vulnerable to collective decision making costs, agency costs, and degeneration of member participation than their counterparts. Consumer cooperatives, cooperative banks, and farm supply cooperatives have founded and expanded their federations in order to exploit benefits from division of wholesale and retail functions whereas marketing and processing cooperatives and labor cooperatives have enlarged their boundaries through merger and acquisitions between primary cooperatives which deal with same kind of products.