Picoxystrobin 살포후 강우를 고려한 지렁이 위해성 평가

홍순성(Soonsung Hong),유아선(Are-Sun You),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),이제봉(Jae Bong Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

This study was performed in order to assess the risk of earthworm when the picoxystrobin was sprayed in Korean orchard. The acute toxicity (LC<SUB>50</SUB>) of picoxystrobin active ingredient(99.3%) and soluble concentrate (25%) against earthworm was showed 10.93 mg/kg and 8-16 mg/kg respectively. This earth worm toxicity value means that the picoxystrobin do not show the earthworm risk in present Korean risk assessment system. However, in the test which was simulated the rainfall after spraying, all the earthworm were died in 24 hours. This result indicated that the risk assessment for the earthworm should be considered the weather condition.

경구흡수율을 반영한 농약의 AOEL 설정 및 농작업자 위해성 평가

유아선(Are-Sun You),홍순성(Soonsung Hong),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),이승돈(Seungdon Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

Methods of establishment of AOEL (Acceptable Operator Exposure Level), application of oral absorption by country, and calculation of exposure dose for operator risk assessment in USA, EU and Korea were investigated. Oral absorption of 141 active substances for pesticides was also investigated, then operator risk assessment was conducted with AOEL including oral absorption and Korean AOEL. Internal dose converted to external dose with oral or dermal absorption in USA and EU, but external dose to which oral absorption was not applied was used for establishment of AOEL in Korea. Oral absorption of 50 active substances among 141 were below 80%. In case of application of oral absorption as a correction factor in below 80%, AOELs of about 36% active substances were considered to be lower than the current Korean AOELs. Operator risk assessment of 28 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with EU AOELs. TER (Toxicity Exposure Ratio) of 12 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG (Water-dispersible Granule) was less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 24 active substances among 50 active substances with oral absorption below 80% was conducted with Korean AOELs. TER of 6 plant protection products including chlorothalonil WG were less than 1 and the risk was high. Operator risk assessment of 4 plant protection products not having Korean AOEL was conducted with converted EU AOEL into AOEL not including oral absorption. The results indicated TER of 4 products including daminozide WP (Wettable Powder) was over 1 and risk was low. 22 products except 6 products such as oxadiagyl SC (Suspension Concentration) were shown the same results of risk assessment between EU AOELs and Korean AOELs. As a result, it was considered that AOELs including oral absorption was possible to be used for operator risk assessment. It was considered operator risk assessment with AOEL including oral absorption was more like real assessment method, and improvement of assessment was needed for application to evaluate pesticides in registration.

[<SUP>14</SUP>C]Butachlor의 벼에 대한 흡수 및 대사

김주혜(Ju-Hye Kim),김종환(Jong-Hwan Kim),김대욱(Dae-Wook Kim),이봉재(Bong-Jae Lee),김찬섭(Chansub Kim),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm),서종수(Jong-Su Seo) 한국농약과학회 2015 농약과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

In the present study, the metabolism of [<SUP>14</SUP>C]butachlor was investigated in rice plant according to the OECD test guideline No. 501. [<SUP>14</SUP>C]Butachlor was treated as granule to paddy water by application of 1.5 kg ingredient (a.i.)/ha at the 3~4 leave stage of rice plant. At 85 days after treatment (DAT), samples of panicle, foliage, and roots were taken for radioactivity analysis. Upon harvest at 126 DAT, rice plants were separated into brown rice, husk, straw, and root parts. Amounts of total radioactivity absorbed by rice plant ranged from 8.6 to 9.8% of applied radioactivity (AR). Total radioactive residues (TRRs) of rice plant at 126 DAT was the highest as 4.0421 mg/kg (7.3% AR) in the straw followed by 1.4595 mg/kg (2.4% AR) in the root, 0.7257 mg/kg (0.1% AR) in the husk. The lowest level recording 0.1020 mg/kg (0.1% AR) was found in brown rice. Each part was extracted with various solvents and solvent/water mixtures. Greater than 70% of TRRs was readily extractable from foliage, panicle, husk and straw. Only 34.0% of the brown rice and 43% of root based on TRRs were extractable showing that the residues were completely assimilated in the plant tissue. The level of non-extractable radioactivity was ranged from 26.2 to 66.0% of TRRs. From this study, five tentative major metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) were observed in rice extracts. Among the metabolites, 2,6-diethylaniline assigned as M4 was identified in rice plant by comparing to retention time of reference standard. Un-metabolized butachlor was not detected in any fractions. In soil extracts, N-(butoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethyl phenyl)acetamide, 2,6-diethylaniline, M2, M3 and M5 were observed. And the concentration of butachlor was low level (ca. 0.03 mg/kg).

농약 품목에 대한 GHS 기준과 농진청 기준에 따른 자극성 산출 후 자극성 분류 차이 비교

유아선(Are-Sun You),오진아(Jin A Oh),박수진(Soojin Park),조유미(Youmi Jo),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),이난희(Nanhee Lee),이주연(Ju Yeon Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

GHS was compared with that of current RDA directives in skin and eye irritation for plant protection products (PPPs). According to the result of evaluation and classification of skin and eye irritation by RDA directives and GHS for 59 PPPs, 25.5% of PPPs were changed the classification of skin irritation from slightly and moderately by RDA directives to Not Classified by GHS, and 45.8% of PPPs were changed the classification of eye irritation from slightly by RDA directives to Not Classified by GHS. 6.8% of PPPs in skin irritation and 5.1% in eye irritation were classified more highly as category 1 by GHS because of irreversible effect. According to the result of comparison with GHS classification by data of irritation study for PPPs and by GHS classification and concentration of active substances, 25.5% was changed more lowly and 3.4% more highly in skin irritation, and 25.4% was changed more lowly and 11.9% more highly in eye irritation. It is needed to draw a plan to supplement for other results between GHS and RDA directives.

[<SUP>14</SUP>C]Butachlor를 이용한 호기성 토양대사 시험법 확립

김주혜(Ju-Hye Kim),김종환(Jong-Hwan Kim),김대욱(Dae-Wook Kim),이봉재(Bong-Jae Lee),김찬섭(Chan Sub Kim),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm),서종수(Jong-Su Seo) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The test method of aerobic transformation in soil has established based on international test guideline (OECD TG 307). And then, the case study was conducted with [<SUP>14</SUP>C]butachlor. Butachlor is commonly used herbicide in Korea. [<SUP>14</SUP>C]Butachlor was treatrd 6.83 mgKg?1 in loamy soil. The treated soil was incubated in flow-through system for 60 days. The mass balance of applied radioactivity (AR) ranged from 91.1 to 95.5% and from 93.0% to 97.7% for non-sterile and sterile soils, respectively. In non-sterile soil, the concentration of [<SUP>14</SUP>C]butachlor was declined from 94.4% AR at 0 day to 8.4% AR at 60 days after treatment. 2-Chloro-2,6-diethylacetanilide was the major degradation product detected in soil extract. The calculated DT50 and DT90 of butachlor were 10.4 days and 34.6 days, respectively. <SUP>14</SUP>CO₂ and non-extractable soil residue were increased up to 3.5% and 43.5% AR at 60 DAT. There is no significant decrease of the [<SUP>14</SUP>C]butachlor through the incubation period in sterile soil.

소비자 위해지수를 이용한 5종 과일 중 잔류농약 안전성평가

이제봉(Je Bong Lee),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),권혜영(Hye-Young Kwon),유아선(Are-Sun You),홍순성(Soon-Sung Hong),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.4

In order to determine the residual characteristics of pesticides in fruits and their effects on human health, monitoring of pesticide residues were conducted in apples, peaches, pears, grapes and citrus from the major cultivation areas in 2010. Safeties of the pesticides detected from the fruits were evaluated using the amounts of pesticide residue detected and dietary risk index (DRI). Samples were taken from 4-5 major fruit cultivation areas and then pesticide residues in the test fruits were analyzed with a liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Mean residue levels of the pesticides in fruits were 0.001-0.144 mg/kg. The DRIs were 0.55 for apple, 0.066 for peach, 0.008 for pear, 0.025 for grape, and 0.37 for citrus, respectively. The results indicated that the amounts of pesticide residues in domestic fruits might be safe, considering the regulatory concerning level 1.0

배추좀나방 방제약제로서 후추 추출물, 카시아 오일, 라벤더 오일 함유 친환경유기농자재에 대한 급성 생태독성평가

유아선(Are-Sun You),정미혜(Mihye Jeong),홍순성(Soon-Seong Hong),장희섭(Hee-Seop Chang),이제봉(Je Bong Lee),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),이영묵(Young Mook Lee),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm) 한국농약과학회 2013 농약과학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Environment-friendly agro-materials tend to be preferred to chemical insecticides recently. For this reason, many studies are conducted to develop environment-friendly insecticides containing natural materials. The purpose of this study was to assess ecotoxicity for pepper extract and cassia oil (11.5+46%, A), pepper extract and cassia oil (23+34%, B), and pepper extract and lavender oil (40+10%, C). They are expected to prevent from pests especially diamondback moth, and can be used for agro-materials. Their formulation was emusifiable concentration (EC). Target species used to assess acute toxicity were aquatic invertebrate (Daphina magna), fish (Cyprinus carpio), honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) and earthworm (Eisenia fetida). The EC<SUB>50</SUB> value of A, B, and C to aquatic invertebrate were 0.46, 1.9, 0.25 mg L<SUP>?1</SUP> respectively and these values were moderately toxic according to standard of USEPA. In case of acute toxicity test to fish, the LC<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were 1.9, 2.9, 3.8 mg L<SUP>?1</SUP> respectively. A was category II in acute toxicity of fish and not acceptable to evaluation criteria of environment-friendly agro-materials. B and C were category III and acceptable. Acute contact and oral toxicity test to honeybee were conducted and the LD<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were > 100 μg a.i. bee<SUP>?1</SUP> in both of tests. It indicated they were low toxic to honeybee. In case of acute toxicity test to earthworm, LC<SUB>50</SUB> of A, B, and C were 695, 988, and 564 mg kg<SUP>?1</SUP>. In conclusion, pepper extract+cassia oil 57% EC and pepper extract+lavender oil 50% EC were expected to be used for environment-friendly insecticide materials with low risk against ecosystem and contribute to developing environment-friendly agro-materials.

과채류 섭취를 통한 유기인계 농약의 급성 및 만성노출평가

박병준(Byung-Jun Park),길근환(Keun-Hwan Gil),손경애(Kyeong-Ae Son),임건재(Geon-Jae Im),윤현주(Hyunjoo Yoon),박경훈(Kyung-Hun Park),김두호(Doo-Ho Kim),임양빈(Yangbin Ihm),백민경(Min-Kyoung Paik) 한국농약과학회 2014 농약과학회지 Vol.18 No.2

In this study, we monitored the residues of organophosphate pesticides (OP) in eight fruit vegetables grown in Korea, and assessed risk levels of acute and chronic exposure of OP through the consumption of fruit vegetables. Chlorpyrifos, EPN, methidathion and phosphamidon in eight fruit vegetables were detected in this study. The results of cumulative assessment of national estimated short term intake for acute exposure of OP were due to the following order; eggplant, tomato, squash and cucumber. Total theoretical maximum daily intake calculated at first step of chronic exposure assessment for registered OP in Korea was 76.14%, compared with acceptable daily intake ADI) based on chlorpyrifos. In addition, total national estimated maximum daily intake calculated at second step of chronic exposure assessment was 13.949%, compared with ADI. Third chronic assessment was conducted by probabilistic approach using OP residues detected in eight fruit vegetables and showed that total exposure risk was very low, corresponding to 0.0001% compared to ADI. Based on those finding, the risk of organophosphate pesticides in fruit vegetables was considered quantitatively negligible. In future, further investigation to expand the target should be followed to do more accurate and detailed risk assessment.