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전자석 구동기를 이용한 근육 특성의 정적 추종에 관한 연구
박인황(In Hwang Park),장인배(In Bae Chang),안형준(Hyeong Joon Ahn),한동철(Dong Chul Han),최형연(Hyung Yeon Choi),이인혁(In Hyeok Lee) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.11
Human muscles are generally responded to abrupt force during a vehicle crash, which affects the human body motion significantly during the crash. However, it is very difficult to realize the response of living muscle to the crash dummy, therefore it is ignored in most cases and there are only few reports about on effects of the response of living muscle. In this paper, a new muscle activation system using the electromagnetic actuator and linear springs was developed for the response of living muscle in a crash dummy and the quasi-static characteristics of the Hill-type muscle model was realized with the proposed muscle activation system experimentally. First, the muscle activation system was designed for a typical longissimus capitis muscle, and then a control system was developed to produce the quasi-static force-length characteristics of the muscle. Then, the muscle elongation system was built using a linear motion table which is driven by a ball screw and a servo motor and the muscle elongation test was performed. The test results showed that the proposed muscle activation system generated the quasi-static force-length characteristics of the Hill-type muscle model very accurately. Hereafter, if the performance of proposed muscle activation system is improved considering the dynamic characteristics of the muscle activation system using the frequency response function, then the proposed muscle activation system can be applied to the crash dummy, and it is expected to imitate the human body motion during the crash procedure.
대퇴골 경부 골절에 대한 양극성 인공 고관절 반치환술에서의 실혈량: 위험 인자 분석
박재형 ( Jai Hyung Park ),김형수 ( Hyoung Soo Kim ),유정현 ( Jeong Hyun Yoo ),김주학 ( Joo Hak Kim ),성기혁 ( Ki Hyuk Sung ),김준엽 ( Joon Yub Kim ),박상준 ( Sang Jun Park ),이인혁 ( In Hyeok Lee ) 대한고관절학회 2013 Hip and Pelvis Vol.25 No.2
목적: 고관절 대퇴 경부 골절로 인한 양극성 반 인공 관절 치환술 후 보이지 않는 실혈을 포함한 실질적인 총 실혈량을 계산하여 측정된 실혈량과의 차이를 알아보고 위험 인자가 술 후 실혈량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년부터 2010년까지 본원에서 시행한 대퇴 경부 골절 후 양극성 반 인공관절 치환술을 시행한 환자 356예를 대상으로 하였고 총 실혈량의 계산은 Mercuriali와 Brecher에 의한 공식을 사용하였으며 실혈량에 미치는 위험 인자로 성별, body mass index (BMI), 마취 방법, 심혈관 질환이나 뇌혈관 질환 유무, 술전 빈혈 여부, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 점수, 시멘트 사용 여부, 항혈전제 사용 여부를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 계산된 총 실혈량은 1,408±72 ml이고 측정된 실혈량은 980±102 ml로 유의한 차이를 보였고 실혈량과 관련된 위험 인자 중 심혈관 질환이 있을 경우 1,526±369 ml, 전신 마취 시행 시 1,588±279 ml, 비만이 있는 경우 1,645±920 ml, 항혈전제 사용 시 1,605±439 ml로 증가된 결과를 보였다. 결론: 고관절 대퇴 경부 골절 후 양극성 반 인공 관절 치환술시 발생된 총실혈량은 측정된 실혈량에 비해 많은 많은 양이 측정되었으며 수술대상 환자 중 심혈관 질환 및 항혈전제 복용자, 비만 환자, 전신 마취 시에는 수술 시 출혈량을 줄이기 위한 세심한 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: We compared visible blood loss and calculated blood loss after bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture, and evaluated correlation between blood loss and its risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 356 patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fracture between 2004 and 2010 were enrolled in this study. The total blood loss was calculated using the formula reported by Mercuiali and Brecher. We analyzed several factors, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), anesthesia method, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, preoperative anemia, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, use of cement, and use of antithrombotic agents. Results: Total calculated blood loss(1,408±72 ml) differed significantly from visible blood loss(980±102 ml). In addition, calculated blood loss differed between risk factors(1,526±369 ml in cardiovascular disease, 1,588±279 ml in general anesthesia, 1,645±920 ml in obesity, and 1,605±439 ml in use of antithrombotic agents). Conclusion: Total calculated blood loss was much greater than visible blood loss. Patients with risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, use of antithrombotic agents, and general anesthesia should be treated with care in order to reduce blood loss.
이근배(Keunbai Lee),배한일(Han-Il Bae),이인혁(In-Hyeok Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
Although whiplash is typically considered as a minor injury of AISI, it has become one of the most important types of injury to occupants due to the frequency of occurrences and the high cost for long-term remedies. In this paper we utilize the finite element simulation method to look into injury mechanism and design the seats mitigating whiplash injury. Based on the anatomical geometry and material properties from opened cadavers test data, we have developed a finite element model of human cervical spine. Using the calibrated seat and developed neck model, we have simulated the sled tests of rear end impacts under the various injury causing conditions. Through these simulations we evaluate the injury level of base seat. With the results of simulation results under various seat conditions we show that it is possible to suggest the guidelines for designing whiplash protective seats by adopting these numerical procedures.
김헌영(Heon Young Kim),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),김준식(Joon Sik Kim),이인혁(In Hyeok Lee),이진희(Jin Hee Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2004 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.21 No.12
This study is focused on the development of a child human model, which is composed of skin, skeleton, joints and muscle, etc. The dimension of child outer skin is referred to anthropometric data from KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science). The positions of joint and mass properties of body segments are calculated from ATB(Articulated Total Body) program, GEBOD. The properties of bones and muscles are obtained by the way of scaling from adult human model. To verify the developed human model, ROM simulation and sled test is conducted. Developed human model can be effectively applied to the evaluation of human injury in crash situation and development of child restraint system. The explicit finite element program PAM-CRASH was used to simulate six-year old child human model.