고혈압 환자에서 발행할 수 있는 수술중 및 수술후의 심혈관계 변화에 대한 고찰

이성봉(Sung Bong Lee),손영돈(Young Don Son),조병렬(Byung Ryul Cho),최석구(Suck Koo Choi),유원상(Won Sang Yoo),이동철(Dong Chul Lee) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Hypetension is the most common cause of heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy. Recently, with advances in operating techniques, equipment and anaesthesiology, elderly patients have had more chances to undergo operation. Therefore, chances for patients with hypertension that comprise 15%-20% of the adult population in Korea to undergo operation has become more frequent. To evaluate the frequency and pragnosis of the cardiovascular changes in patients with hypertension during operation and the perioperative period, the blood pressures of 100 patients who underwent operation at Seoul Paik Hospital from September 1988 to October 1990 were measured proeoperatively, during operation, and postoperatively and analyzed in relevance to cardiovascular complications. The cardiovascular complications were divided into 4 categories: 1) Increase in systolic blood pressure 2) Decrease in systolic blood pressure 3) Marked changes in systolic blood pressure 4) Others (arrythmias, heart failure, chest pain) The results were as follows: 1) Episodes of an increase in the systolic blood pressure more than 50 mmHg compared to the systolic blood pressure at the time of consultation were found in 7 cases (7%) 2) Episodes of a decrease in systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg were detected in 8 cases (8%) and in most cases, the blood pressure was corrected to normal level simply by the rapid infusion of fluid, except for 1 case that required the use of ephedrine or clacium gluconates. 3) Episodes of changes in systolic blood pressure more than 50 mmHg were found in 42 cases (42%). 4) There were 5 episodes of ventricular premature beat or atrial premature beat, but they were corrected to normal sinus rhythm by intravenous lidocain injection, and there were no more problems postoperatively. 5) There were no coronary events or heart failures clinically. 6) It seemed that there was no correlation between the level of preoperative blood pressure and frequency of cardiovascular complications, In conclusion, most of the patients with hypertension corrected preoperatively or not underwent operation successfully without any cardiovascular complications if the anaesthesiologist monitored the blood pressure and took appropriate therapeutic measures predperatively.

대구경 회전 증착에 관한 CVD 반응기 내부의 열물질 해석연구

이성봉(Seong-Bong Lee),장혁(Hyuk Jang),김광선(Kwang-Sun Kim),김희준(Hee-Joon Kim) 대한설비공학회 2000 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2000 No.-

외국인투자 인센티브 제도의 문제점과 개선방안

이성봉 ( Seong Bong Lee ) 한독경상학회 2010 經商論叢 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 외국인투자 인센티브제도의 운영현황과 문제점을 분석하고 이를 제도적으로 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 있다. 우리나라 외국인투자 인센티브 제도는 경제개발 추진초기부터 운영해오던 조세감면제도를 중심으로 큰 변화 없이 운영되어 오고 있다. 본 연구의 결과 조세감면제도는 투자유치와 관련하여 효과성, 효율성 및 유연성 측면에서 모두 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동 제도는 국내기업에 대해 역차별적인 성격도 갖고 있다. 외환위기 이후 도입된 재정지원제도는 주로 부지관련 지원이지만, 이 역시 조세감면제도와 연계되어 있기 때문에 조세감면제도의 문제점을 그대로 갖고 있다. 한편 투자유치역량을 강화하기 위해서 최근에 도입된 현금지원제도는 규모가 크지 않고 지원실적도 미미하다는 점에서 실효성에 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위해서 본 연구는 외국인투자 인센티브 제도의 근본적인 개선방향과 구체적인 개선계획을 제시하고 있다. 무엇보다도 외국인투자에 대해서만 혜택이 제공되는 것에 따른 국내기업 투자의 역차별 문제를 시정하는 것이 필요하다. 구체적으로는 조세감면제도를 폐지하고 현금지원중심으로 내외국기업에 대해서 동등한 투자인센티브 제도로의 전환을 제시하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 변화는 외국인투자정책의 일관성 유지 등을 고려하여 점진적으로 추진될 필요가 있음을 제시했고, 그 전환과정에서는 현행 제도의 문제점을 개선하는 노력이 필요하다는 지적을 하고 있다. 이와 관련, 조세감면의 효과성과 유연성을 제고할 수 있는 방안들을 제시했으며, 재정지원제도의 운영상 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 방안도 제시했다. 현금지원제의 경우 향후 가장 핵심적인 투자인센티브제도로 정착시킨다는 계획 하에 지원예산의 확대와 예산운영방식의 개선, 운영주체의 변경 및 인센티브 평가팀의 구성 등을 제안하였다. This study deals with the problems and policy recommendations for foreign direct investment incentive system in Korea. The Korean government utilizes three kinds of incentives for attracting foreign direct investment; tax reduction, financial subsidies and cash grants. This study shows that these all three incentive schemes have serious problems not only in terms of value for money, but also in terms of fitness and flexibility for foreign direct investment attraction objectives. Most of all, this paper points out that these investment incentives are seriously problematic due to the discrimination for the investments of Korean domestic firms against those of foreign firms. According to the analysis on the problems of these investment incentives in Korea, this paper suggests policy recommendations to enhance its effectiveness. First of all, this study provides basic reform direction, that is, securing the fair treatment between investments by foreign firms and those by domestic firms. As a long-term policy reform measure this paper suggests the gradual abolishment of tax incentives for foreign direct investment. Also it recommends the expansion of cash grants with the condition of equal treatment between foreign and domestic investment. In addition to those recommendations this study also provides the useful measures that Korean government should adopt during this gradual transitional period to enhance effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility of cash grants, tax and tax incentives.

한국과 일본의 중소기업 해외진출 지원체계정비에 대한 비교연구

이성봉 ( Seong-bong Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2013 질서경제저널 Vol.16 No.4

This study compares comprehensive government initiatives in Korea and Japan to support small and medium enterprises ‘(SMEs‘) overseas expansion. From October 2013 Korean government under the initiative of the Office for Government Policy Coordination (Prime Minister Office) started to review all the government support programs by different ministries and government related organizations for SMEs’ export and investment activities abroad. Meanwhile, in Japan a support committee chaired by the METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) minister, and participated by various related ministries, government related supporting organizations, SME associations and financial institutions, was established in October 2010 to formulate the framework for supporting Japanese SMEs in overseas business expansion. Based on the analysis of the prior three years experiences of Japanese government to formulate and improve these comprehensive initiatives this study tries to find out policy implications to Korea. According to this comparison of the review process between Korea and Japan, this study finds the most prominent difference that Korea followed the top-down approach to enhance the budget efficiency of export supporting programs by eliminating redundancy, while Japan adopted the bottom-up approach to check the fitness of supporting programs with the genuine needs of SMEs based on the interviewing approximately 5,000 SMEs which were willing to go abroad. Based on the comparison this different approaches between Korea and Japan, this study suggested three policy recommendations to the Korean government so that it could formulate the framework to help SMEs effectively expand their foreign business.

우리나라 중소기업 수출지원체계의 효율화 방안에 관한 연구

이성봉 ( Seong-bong Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2013 질서경제저널 Vol.16 No.1

This study analyses the whole framework for small and medium enterprise‘s (SME‘s) export promotion in Korea. Korea has various policy spectrums for SME‘s export promotion, such as strengthening SME‘s global business competence, promoting SME‘s participation to international trade fairs and exhibitions, providing foreign market information, eliminating export barriers, and so on. Although government‘s support to the export activities of SMEs are widely accepted, there have been few research papers on the issue of how to enhance effectiveness and efficiency of the SME‘s export promotion systems. By identifying and analysing details of various SME‘s export supporting programs initiated and managed by various ministries, this study shows the whole picture of Korea‘s export promotion programs for SMEs. The study also confirmed that a comprehensive assessment for the whole system is necessary. By comparing the export promotion policy framework among Korea, Germany and Japan, this study derives some implications for improving the efficiency of the Korea‘s framework of SME export promotion. Based on the research results this study suggested three strategies to enhance the efficiency of SME export promotion framework in Korea; firstly establishing a pan-national committee to coordinate all kinds of export supporting programs for SMEs; secondly enhancing the efficiency of SME export promotion programs through specialization and competition among different SME export supporting agencies, and thirdly adopting a periodical performance evaluation for all SME export promotion programs.

PX4 기반 실내비행을 위한 S-MSCKF 알고리즘 시뮬레이션 연구

이성봉(Seongbong Lee),박천만(Cheonman Park),성시찬(Sichan Sung),이동진(Dongjin Lee) 한국항공우주학회 2022 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.4

거대경제권 FTA 체결 이후 외국인투자 유치정책에 관한 연구

이성봉 ( Seong-bong Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2011 질서경제저널 Vol.14 No.4

This study analyses the relationship between Korea's foreign direct investment (FDI) and Korea-US or Korea-EU Free Trade Agreement(FTA). Based on research results on the relationship the study recommends some policy options to increase FDI inflows into Korea by utilizing the Korea's FTAs with US or EU. Firstly, this study reviews previous researches about the relationship between FTA and FDI with theoretical and empirical approaches as well. Then, the study analyzes the relationship between FTA and FDI by adopting a research framework that distinguishes the horizontal and vertical FDI at the one hand, and classifies, on the other hand, FDI flows among member countries within the free trade area and FDI inflows from countries from non-member countries. According to this two-by-two classification of FDI types the study reviews any possibilities to increase FDI inflows into Korea for each four category of FDI, horizontal FDI inflows from US or EU, vertical FDI inflows from US or EU, horizontal FDI inflow from non-member countries, and vertical FDI inflows from non-member countries, such as Japan or China. Also, the study suggests some policy recommendations how to increase FDI inflows into Korea after ratification of Korean FTAs with US and EU. Lastly, the study also provides specific policy options to attract FDIs in service sectors, which might be the promising industry sectors for attracting FDI after the enforcement of the FTAs. Financial sector, broadcasting and telecommunication service sector, and business service sector are reviewed in the study. This study makes contributions to academia and policy makers, how to use effectively the Korean FTA with US or EU in increasing FDI inflows into Korea. However, it has some limitations in the sense that it deals with broad issues on the relationships between FTAs and FDI inflows. Future studies should focus on the specific issues regarding individual industry sector.

외국인투자기업의 고용성과 결정요인에 관한 연구

이성봉 ( Seong-bong Lee ) 한독경상학회 2017 經商論叢 Vol.35 No.4

양질의 고용 창출이 정부의 핵심 정책과제로 대두되면서 일자리 창출을 이끌어낼 수 있는 외국인직접투자의 확대가 적극적으로 추진될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고용효과 극대화를 위한 외국인투자유치 정책의 수립을 위한 착안 사항들을 도출하기 위하여 그동안 국내에 투자된 외국인투자기업을 대상으로 우수한 고용성과를 창출하는 요인들이 무엇인지를 파악하고 있다. 본 연구는 외국인직접투자의 고용효과를 투자금액 대비 고용인원수 및 투자금액 대비 인건비, 1인당 인건비 등 고용성과지표에 대해서 동 고용성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 외국인투자의 특징들을 분석하고 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 외국인투자기업 특징 변수로는 투자국, 업종, 지분율 형태, 조세감면여부 등 네 가지였다. 첫째, 투자국의 경우 일본계 투자기업의 경우 제조업 부문에서 투자금액 대비 고용인원과 투자금액 대비 총인건비 성과에서 미국 및 EU의 투자기업에 비해서 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 업종과 관련해서는 서비스업종의 경우 투자금액 대비 고용인원 및 총인건비 모두에서 1차 산업 및 제조업에 비해서 우수한 성과를 보이고 있다. 셋째, 외국인투자 지분율 형태와 관련해서는 100% 지분율 외투기업과 50% 이상 합작 외투기업이 50% 미만 지분율의 외투기업에 비해서 투자금액 대비 고용인원 수 및 투자금액 대비 총인건비에서 높은 성과를 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 조세감면 여부와 관련해서는 감면을 받은 외투기업이 일반 외투기업에 비해서 투자금액 당 고용인원 수 및 투자금액 당 총인건비에서 낮다는 것이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석결과를 활용한 외국인투자 유치 전략의 수립 방안과 외국인투자 제도 개선 방향을 제시하고 있다. This study analyses the determinants for employment performances of foreign direct investment(FDI) firms in Korea. As the previous studies on the issues of job creation effects of FDI in Korea dealt with only limited variables of employment performance indicators and also limited variables of foreign invested companies, this study encompasses various indicators regarding employment performances, such as ‘number of employee per FDI amounts,’ ‘total employment expenses per FDI amounts,’ and ‘employment expenses per employee, as well as determinant variables, such as ’the country of FDI origin,’ ‘industry sectors,’ ‘foreign investor’s share ratio,’ and ‘tax incentive for FDI’. By analyzing foreign invested firms in Korea from 1998 to 2006 with random-effects GLS regression models, this study reveals following results on the determinants for employment performances of FDI firms in Korea: Firstly, regarding the country of FDI origin, the Japanese invested firms in Korea show better performances than FDI firms from the U.S. or the EU in the number of employee per FDI amounts and the total employment expenses per FDI amounts. Secondly, regarding industry sectors, service sectors indicate better performances than manufacturing sectors. Thirdly, FDI firms with 100% share or more than 50% of share of foreign investors show better performances than the FDI firms with less than 50% of foreign shares. Fourthly, FDI firms receiving tax incentives from the Korean government showed worse employment performances than those not receiving tax incentives. After providing appropriate explanations for the empirical research results, this study suggests to the Korean government the FDI policy reform recommendations to increase the job creation effects of FDI in Korea.

다국적기업 지역본부 유치정책에 대한 평가와 개선방안에 관한 연구

이성봉 ( Seong Bong Lee ) 한독경상학회 2015 經商論叢 Vol.33 No.2

다국적기업 지역본부는 다양한 경로를 통하여 유치국 경제에 긍정적인 파급효과를 미치기 때문에 전 세계적으로 국가 간에 치열한 유치 경쟁이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 한국 정부가 제시한 다국적기업 지역본부 유치정책들을 평가하고 개선방향을 도출하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정책 평가와 개선방향 도출을 위해서 한편으로 그 동안 우리나라에 유치된 다국적기업 지역본부의 주요 특징들을 분석하고, 다른 한편으로는 아시아 지역에서 우리와 지역본부 유치경쟁을 벌이고 있는 중국, 일본, 싱가포르 등 아시아 주요 국가들의 지역본부 유치정책들을 비교분석하고 있다. 이러한 분석을 통해서 본 연구는 우리나라 다국적기업 지역본부 유치정책에 다음 네 가지개편방안을 제시하고 있다. 첫째, 기 진출 외투기업이 현재 국내에서 수행하고 있는 기능을 확장하여 지역본부 기능을 추가하도록 인센티브를 마련하는 것이 필요하며, 특히 R&D 센터 지역본부에 대한 인센티브를 크게 확대할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 지역본부 조세감면 제도를 도입하는 것이 필요하며, 구체적으로 ‘tax holiday’ 방식이 아니라 소득공제 방식 또는 정상 법인세율 보다 2~3% 정도의 인하된 경감세율 방식을 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 셋째, R&D 센터를 포함, 지역본부에 대한 현금지원금 산정에서는 기존의 외국인 투자금액과 연계하여 지원금을 산정하는 방식을 적용하지 않고 지역본부 설치에 소요되는 총 비용의 50%까지 지원하는 방안을 도입하는 것을 고려할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 지역본부 유치제도의 효과성과 효율성을 제고할 수 있는 세부적인 방안들도 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다. 대표적으로 점증하는 구조의 이행의무를 도입하고, 고용요건과 관련해서는 현행 인원수 요건 이외에 임직원에 대한 보수 수준을 병행 도입하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 고용이외에 투자 또는 연구개발비 지출 등의 이행의무도 지역본부의 유형별로 차별화하여 설정할 필요가 있다. 한편, 모회사 매출 등의 요건을 적용하지 않거나 자산 요건으로 변경하여 수혜대상을 확대할 필요도 있다. The competition among nations for attracting the regional headquarters (RHQs) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) has become cutthroat, as RHQs have many positive spillover effects to the country which attracts them. This study tries to evaluate the promotion policy to attract the regional headquarters into Korea, and find out policy recommendation to the Korean government. In order to achieve the research goal this study analyses the characteristics of representative cases of regional headquarters of MNEs in Korea, and also RHQs policy in major Asian countries including Singapore, Japan, and China (the city government of Shanhai), which are competing with Korea to attract RHQs in Asian region. Based on the analysis on RHQs of MNEs in Korea and the promotion policy of three competing Asian countries, this study suggests following four recommendations to improve the promotion policy to attract RHQs in Korea. Firstly, it is necessary for the Korean government to provide incentives to the existing foreign invested companies in Korea to expand their business activities to RHQs’ coordinating functions, especially to the regional business center based on R&D activities. Secondly, as the competing Asian countries, such as Japan and Singapore have the tax incentives for RHQs, and the simple and low tax system is the most influencing factor in attracting RHQs, it is necessary for Korea to introduce the tax incentive to RHQs. New tax incentive for RHQs should be in a form of concessionary tax rate or income deduction, not in a form of tax holidays, which is the basic form of tax incentive for foreign direct investment in Korea. Thirdly, the current cash grants for RHQs should be increased substantially to the amounts that are enough to attract RHQs amid toughcompetition for RHQs in the region. The upper limit of cash grant should be calculated based on total investment costs, not the FDI amounts. Fourthly, some administrative improvements for the RHQs incentive should be done. For example, the incremental performance requirements for employment and investment at RHQs should be adopted to promote the continuing and expanding high value added business activities of RHQs.

고용창출효과 제고를 위한 외국인투자 인센티브제도 개편방안에 관한 연구

이성봉 ( Seong-bong Lee ) 한국질서경제학회 2012 질서경제저널 Vol.15 No.1

of foreign direct investment (FDI). It deals with various elements of current FDI incentive system, which might contribute to enhancing job creation effects of FDI, and compares them with those of other countries, such as the UK, France, and the US. Based on the analysis and comparison results this study suggests policy recommendations to enhance job creating effects of FDI. After the Asian financial crisis the FDI incentive policy of Korea focuses to increase the FDI volume rather than the quality of investment. However, as Korea has been overcoming the crisis, and is now experiencing the economic growth without significant job-creation, the priority of FDI policy moves to enhance the economic impacts of FDI, especially the job creation effects. Considering this changing policy environment the Korean government introduced in 2011 a new job related element into the FDI tax incentive system, which partially links the amount of tax reduction with the number of jobs created by FDI. This study estimates the potential job creation effects of this change in tax incentive system, and suggests a better way to enhance them by expanding the portion of tax reduction tied to job creation. Also, it analyses the site support system for foreign invested companies, and suggests to introduce a job creation performance requirement article into the contract between the Korean government and foreign invested companies. Regarding cash grant, which was introduced relatively recently for foreign investors, this study suggests to include the wide range of investment projects into the eligible projects, considering the regional development and job creating effects of FDI. This study makes contributions to academia and policy makers, how to change the Korean FDI incentive system in order to enhance the job creation effects of FDI. However, it has some limitations, in the sense that it deals with policy issues without empirical analysis of the job creation effects of FDI incentive system.