Philip L. Gillett의 한국근대스포츠 발전에 미친 영향

이가람 ( Ka Ram Lee ) 한국체육사학회 2014 체육사학회지 Vol.19 No.2

본 연구는 한국 YMCA 초대 간사로서 한국에 근대스포츠문화가 뿌리내리는데 많은 영향을 미친 질레트에 대해 알아보기 위해서 그의 생애, 선교사로의 활동, 체육지도자로서의 활동, 체육사상에 초점을 맞추어 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 질레트는 어린 시절 독실한 감리교인이었던 어머니의 영향으로 교회와 YMCA에 관련된 일을 하였다. 콜로라도 대학과 예일대학에서도 신학을 전공한 질레트는, 1900년 YMCA 트레이닝 스쿨 입학을 결정적 계기로 한국, 중국, 태국에서 YMCA 해외 사업의 개척자로서 생을 보냈다. 둘째, 질레트는 YMCA 전문학교인 트레이닝 스쿨에 입학하여, YMCA 임원이 되기 위해 체육활동을 포함한 다양한 교육을 받았다. 이 기간에 그가 보였던 강건하고 원만한 대인관계로 한국 YMCA 초대간사로 임명되었다. 셋째, 질레트는 한국 YMCA 초대 체육부 총무로서 1904년부터 본격적인 체육 사업을 전개하면서 한국 최초로 야구, 농구를 소개하고 지도하였다. 넷째, 강건한 기독교주의의 영향을 받았던 질레트는 YMCA 체육활동을 통해 한국 청년들에게 강한 남성상을 심어주고자 했다. This study investigated on Philip. L. Gillett, who was the first secretary of the Korea YMCA and played a significant role in modern sport taking roots on the Korean Peninsula. Through his lifetime, his activities as a physical director as well as secretary, and his thoughts of physical education, this study drew a conclusion as follows. First, affected by his mother, a devout Methodist, Gillett did jobs with churches and the YMCA. Studying theology both in Colorado and Yale Universities, Gillett spent his life as a pioneer of the YMCA work abroad in Korea, China and Thailand. Secondly, Gillett entered the training school and received a variety of education including physical activities. His strong and well-rounded personality allowed him to be appointed as the first secretary of the Korea YMCA. Thirdly, unfolding physical work in earnest since 1904, Gillett introduced baseball and basketball to Korea for the first time and taught them. Lastly, influenced by muscular Christianity, Gillett desired to foster Korean youth manliness through the YMCA physical activities.

호박 종류별 이화학적 성분 및 항산화 활성 비교

이가람(Ka-Ram Lee),이재준(Jae-Joon Lee) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2023 한국지역사회생활과학회지 Vol.34 No.2

미국 YMCA의 체육지도자, R. J. Roberts의 체육업적에 관한 연구

이가람 ( Ka Ram Lee ),하정희 ( Jung Hee Ha ) 한국체육사학회 2015 체육사학회지 Vol.20 No.1

본 연구는 최초의 미국 YMCA 체육지도자였던 로버츠에 관한 연구로, 초창기 YMCA가 발행한 기관지, 그의 저서를 중심으로 로버츠의 생애, YMCA 체육활동, 체육사상을 고찰해 본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 로버츠는 영적 각성이 필요했던 젊은이들을 구원하기 위해 YMCA 체육지도자로서의 삶을 살았다. 특히, 로버츠는 실용적인 방식으로 건강을 도모할 수 있는 ‘보디빌딩’이라는 운동체계를 고안하고, 보디빌딩 운동 원리에 입각하여 체력 훈련 프로그램을 개발함으로써 건강 전도사로서의 활동을 펼쳤다. YMCA 체육지도자로서의 로버츠의 체육업적은 궁극적으로 온전한 기독교인을 양성하기 위한 것이었으며, 이러한 그의 행적에는 강건한 기독교주의, 복음주의, 건강 중시 사조가 용해되어 있었던 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 YMCA 체육선구자로서 로버츠의 체육업적은 YMCA 체육 사업의 초석으로 작용해, 미국 YMCA 체육진흥운동의 원동력을 제공했다. This study aims to investigate Robert J. Roberts, the first official physical director of the American YMCA. Based on the official press of the YMCA in the initial stage and his works, his lifetime, YMCA physical education activities and physical education thoughts were analyzed. He lived his life as a YMCA physical director in order to save the young who needed spiritual awakening. In particular, as a health preacher, he devised a new workout system, called ``Body Building`` to improve one``s health in a practical way and developed physical training programs based on physical principles of body building. His physical education activities as a YMCA physical director was intended for producing Christians, and his deeds were grounded on muscular Christianity, evangelism, and health-oriented thought, As a result, his achievements as a pioneer in physical education paved the way for physical work of the YMCA, becoming the driving force of physical education advancement of the American YMCA.

CO2와 수온 증가에 대한 봄철 저수온기 팔당호 식물플랑크톤군집 변화

이가람 ( Ka Ram Lee ),성은주 ( Eun Ju Sung ),박혜진 ( Hye Jin Park ),박채홍 ( Chae Hong Park ),박명환 ( Myung Hwan Park ),황순진 ( Soon Jin Hwang ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.4

This study investigated the influence of temperature and CO2 increase on phytoplankton growth and community structure during cold water season (spring) in Lake Paldang, Korea. Four experimental treatments of temperature and CO2 manipulation were prepared in the laboratory batch culture: (1) Control; ambient low temperature (6±2.C) and low CO2 (air level, 400 mg L-1), (2) T1; low temperature and high CO2 (800 mg L-1), (3) T2; high temperature (20±2.C) and low CO2, (4) T3; high temperature and high CO2. Algal growth experiment was carried out for 10 days under the light intensity of 70 μmol m-2 s-1 (L:D=24 : 0). The level of pH decreased in both T1 and T3, due to dissolution of added CO2. The dominant phytoplankton species of ambient water, Cyclotella meneghiniana succeeded to Fragilaria capucina var. gracilis in high-temperature treatment groups (T2 and T3). Cyanobacteria were very rare at the beginning of the experiment, while Oscillatoria limnetica appeared in only high-temperature groups (T2 and T3) at 6~7th day. CO2 addition in ambient temperature (T1) induced the highest phytoplankton growth, and thereby producing the highest average cell density of 3.27±0.33 104 cells mL-1, followed by T2 (2.65±0.26 104 cells mL-1), T3 (2.09±0.16 104 cells mL-1), and Control (1.86±0.13 104 cells mL-1) (F=7.167, p=0.000). In summary, temperature increase changed the phytoplankton community structure and CO2 increase promoted the phytoplankton growth during the cold spring season in Lake Paldang, suggesting a potential effect of climate change on freshwater phytoplankton.

YMCA를 통한 소프트볼의 대중화 과정

이가람 ( Lee Ka-ram ),우승호 ( Woo Seung-ho ) 한국체육사학회 2018 체육사학회지 Vol.23 No.3

본 연구는 YMCA 스포츠 보급 운동에 나타난 소프트볼의 대중화 과정을 파악하고자 진행되었다. 소프트볼은 19세기 후반 미국 사회의 야구 애호 열기의 부산물인 실내 야구를 모태로 조직화된 스포츠문화이다. 1887년 시카고의 핸콕에 의해 창안 된 실내 야구는 대중적 확산력을 기반으로 실외로 공간적 확대를 경험하면서 지역에 따라 다양한 경기 용어와 규칙이 적용되었다. 20세기 초반 이러한 변형된 실내 야구게임들이 소프트볼로 명명되고, 통일된 규칙을 마련하는 과정에 YMCA와 그 체육지도자들이 결정적인 역할을 하면서 YMCA는 소프트볼의 보급 창구로써 대중적 확산을 도모하는 주체가 되었다. 실내 야구가 소프트볼로 문화적 진화과정을 거듭하는 과정에 YMCA가 일조한 것은 소프트볼이 YMCA 체육 사업이 추구했던 신체적 복음화를 위한 실용적인 교육 수단으로 기능했기 때문이며, 이러한 측면에서 YMCA를 통한 소프트볼의 확산과정에는 복음주의 운동이 사상적 배경으로 작용한 것을 알 수 있다. This study aims to investigate the popularization of softball in the process of the YMCA’s disseminating sports. Softball was based on indoor baseball which was a by-product of baseball fever in American society in the late 19th century. Indoor baseball, created by George Hancock, Chicago 1887, was moved outside, and various rules and regulations applied to this modified game depending on the regions where it was played. The YMCA and its physical directors played a critical role in the process in which this modified indoor ball was named as softball in the early 20th century and its official rules were developed. The YMCA promoted softball and stimulated the interest that has been developing for many years. The reason that the YMCA played a part in indoor baseball experiencing a series of cultural evolution and turning into softball is that softball matched a practical education means for the evangelization through physical activities which YMCA’s physical work had pursued. It suggests that evangelical movement acted ideological backgrounds in the process of the evolution of softball by the YMCA.

맨체스터 YMCA의 스포츠 운동의 전개 양상

이가람 ( Lee Ka-ram ) 한국체육사학회 2021 체육사학회지 Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 19세기 영국 YMCA의 스포츠 운동사를 파악하기 위해 맨체스터 YMCA의 스포츠 활동을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1864년 노동 계층의 영적인 개선과 자본가 계급의 생산성 향상을 위해 설립된 맨체스터 YMCA는 스포츠 수용에 관한 내부적인 진통을 겪었지만, 세속적인 삶에 노출된 젊은이들을 교회의 영향력 아래 두기 위해 체육 사업을 선택했다. 맨체스터 YMCA는 체조, 수영, 램블링, 사이클, 크리켓, 테니스, 럭비, 축구 등의 체육프로그램을 통해서 노동 계층 젊은이들의 영적·정신적·사회적·신체적 강화를 도모할 수 있었다. 19세기 후반 맨체스터 YMCA와 스포츠의 결속과정에는 청소년들의 도덕적 개혁을 실천했던 기독교 사회주의 운동과 남성다운 기독교인을 양성하고자 했던 강건한 기독교주의라는 교육적·종교적 명분이 사상적 동력으로 작용했다. This study analyzes the sports activities of the Manchester YMCA in order to understand the sports history of the YMCA in the United Kingdom in the 19th century and draws the following conclusions. Established in 1864 for the spiritual improvement of the working class and the productivity of the capitalist class, the Manchester YMCA went through internal pains in accepting sports, but chose physical works to keep young people who were exposed to secular life under the influence of the church. The Manchester YMCA was able to promote the spiritual, mental, social and physical enhancement of young people in the working class through physical education programs such as gymnastics, swimming, rambling, cycling, cricket, tennis, rugby, and football. In the process of solidarity between the Manchester YMCA and sports in the late 19th century, the Christian Socialist movement, which practiced moral reforms of youth, and the educational and religious justification of Muscular Christianity to cultivate masculine Christians served as ideological drivers.

SM45C강의 온도변화에 따른 Nd:YAG 레이저 표면경화 특성

이가람(Ka-Ram Lee),양윤석(Yun-Seok Yang),황찬연(Chan-Youn Hwang),유영태(Young-Tae Yoo) 한국생산제조학회 2012 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Laser surface hardening is one of core technologies to enhance various characteristics such as the strength, hardness, toughness, abrasion resistance, and fatigue resistance for the mold material. This paper focuses on testing characteristics of the laser heat treatment according to the preheating parameters in case of the SM45C medium carbon steel. In this paper, we assume that the power and travel speed of the laser are 1,800W and 0.5m/min, respectively, and the range of the preheating temperature is 50℃~300℃. From the result of the test, we observed that the hardness width and depth are enhanced as the temperature is increased. Also, the best average hardness was 751.7Hv for the temperature of 100℃.

저탄소강 SS41 연속파형 Nd:YAG 레이저 겹치기 용접의 기공제어 기술

이가람(Ka Ram Lee),황찬연(Chan Youn Hwang),양윤석(Yun Seok Yang),박은경(Eun Kyeong Park),유영태(Young Tae Yoo) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.22 No.4

With the development of advanced processing technology, laser processing systems, which require high-quality precision processing, have attracted considerable attention. Although laser equipment is expensive, it enables quick processing and less deformation of materials. This technology is often applied to secondary batteries, which has thus far involved the use of argon tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. However, the welding characteristics of argon TIG welding are not yet good, and a laser is used for welding to address this problem. In this study, lap-joint welding was conducted, and the desired welding characteristics were obtained when the laser power was 1800W and the laser beam travel speed was 1.8 m/min. Lap-joint welding was conducted on Ni-coated SS41. Two cases were compared. No pores were observed in the Ni-coated SS41 lap-joint welding part, and cracks appeared from the lap-joints. Moreover, the pole rod and tap were welded together in a T-joint form to improve the output of the secondary battery. T-joint laser welding showed better welding characteristics than TIG welding.

개화기 자전거 도입 과정에 관한 연구

이가람 ( Lee Ka-ram ),우승호 ( Woo Seung-ho ) 한국체육사학회 2017 체육사학회지 Vol.22 No.3

본 연구는 한국 자전거의 도입 과정에 대한 정확한 실체를 파악하기 위해 회고록, 잡지, 신문 등을 활용하여 한국 자전거도입 과정을 고찰한 결과, 우선 1884년 미국 해군 장교가 한국에 최초로 자전거를 수입했던 사실을 파악할 수 있었다. 이후 자전거는 19세기 말 한국에 거주하는 서양인들 사이에 평양, 서울, 여주 등의 지역을 이동하는 교통수단으로 이용되면서 점차 확산되었다. 특히, 이러한 과정에서 한국 최초의 민간신문이었던 독립신문의 영문판에서는 서양인들이 자전거를 통해 이동한 시간에 대해 경기적 의미를 부여하기도 했고, 자전거 관련 광고들이 등장하기도 했다. 이처럼 19세기 후반 서구문화였던 자전거는 당시 조선에 거주한 외국인들의 교통수단으로 수입되었으며, ‘더 인디펜던트’의 자전거 관련 광고를 통해 재조선 외국인을 중심으로 상용화가 시작되었다고 판단된다. This study aims to investigate how the bicycle was introduced to Korea and what process it went through by evaluating primary resources including memoirs, magazines, and newspapers. The result is that a U.S. Navy officer first introduced the bicycle into Korea in 1884. Since then, the bicycle had gradually spread as it was used as a means of transportation between Seoul, Pyeongyang and Yeoju among westerners in Korea at the end of the 19th century. In particular, in this process, the English edition of Tongnip Sinmun, the first privately managed newspaper in the country, would imbue travel time by bicycle with meaning as a game. Also, bicycle-related advertisements came on. In this way, the bicycle, which was a western culture in the latter half of the 19th century, was imported as a means of transportation for foreigners residing in Joseon. Furthermore, the bicycle started to come to public notice around foreigners in Joseon through bicycle-related advertisements on ‘The Independent’.

SM45C 환봉의 직경변화에 따른 Nd:YAG 레이저 표면경화 특성

이가람(Ka Ram Lee),양윤석(Yun Seok Yang),황찬연(Chan Youn Hwang),박은경(Eun Kyeong Park),유영태(Young Tae Yoo) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2013 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.30 No.5

Heat-treatment is one of the core technologies to enhance various characteristics such as strength, hardness, toughness, abrasion resistance and fatigue resistance for the mold material. This paper focuses on characteristics of the laser heat-treatment according to the cylindrical bar diameter variation in case of the SM45C. From the results of the experiments, it has been observed that the maximum hardness is 744Hv when the power is 1630W and the travel of laser is 0.5m/min. And then, the hardness width, depth and microstructure were observed for characteristics. Finally, when the cylindrical bar diameter size grow, the hardness width decrease whereas hardness depth increase.