울산지역 수자원 관련 이슈 - 반구대 암각화 보존과 울산권 맑은 물 확보

윤영배,Yun, Yeong-Bae 한국수자원학회 2019 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.52 No.10

울산지역 수자원 관련 이슈 소개 - 물순환 선도도시 사업

윤영배,Yun, Yeong-Bae 한국수자원학회 2020 물과 미래(한국수자원학회지) Vol.53 No.4

Zn²⁺와 Ni²⁺에 의한 톨라신 용혈활성 저해효과의 pH 의존성

윤영배 ( Yeong-bae Yun ),최태근 ( Tae-keun Choi ),김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.61 No.3

Tolaasin secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii is a peptide toxin and causes brown blotch disease on the cultivated mushrooms by collapsing cellular and fruiting body structure. Toxicity of tolaasin was evaluated by measuring hemolytic activity because tolaasin molecules form membrane pores on the red blood cells and destroy cell membrane structure. In the previous studies, we found that tolaasin cytotoxicity was suppressed by Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺. Ni²⁺ inhibited the tolaasin-induced hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner and its Ki value was 1.8 mM. The hemolytic activity was completely inhibited at the concentration higher than 10 mM. The inhibitory effect of Zn²⁺ on tolaasininduced hemolysis was increased in alkaline pH, while that of Ni2+was not much dependent on pH. When the pH of buffer solution was increased from pH 7 to pH 9, the time for 50% hemolysis (T50) was increased greatly by 100 μM Zn²⁺; however, it was slightly increased by 1 mM Ni²⁺ at all pH values. When the synergistic effect of Zn²⁺ and Ni²⁺ on tolaasin-induced hemolysis was measured, it was not dependent on the pH of buffer solution. Molecular elucidation of the difference in pH-dependence of these two metal ions may contribute to understand the mechanism of tolaasin pore formation and cytotoxicity.

중간크기 탄소사슬의 지방산으로 이루어진 인지질에 의한 tolaasin의 용혈활성 촉진

윤영배 ( Yeong-bae Yun ),김민희 ( Min-hee Kim ),김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.59 No.3

Tolaasin is a pore-forming peptide toxin produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii and causes a brown blotch disease by disrupting membrane structures of cultivated mushrooms. The mechanism and characteristics of tolaasin pore formation are not known in detail; however, tolaasin pores have been demonstrated in the artificial lipid bilayer. Since the tolaasin pore appeared less frequently and unstable in lipid bilayer, a mismatch between the length of tolaasin pore and the thickness of lipid membrane had been suggested. Therefore, tolaasin-induced hemolyses were measured by the additions of phospholipids composed of various fatty acids with different carbon numbers. When phosphatidylethanolamines made with two decanoic acids (C10:0, 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoethanolamine; DDPE), myristic acids (C14:0, 1,2- dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), and stearic acids (C18:0, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) were added to the buffer containing RBCs and tolaasin peptides, DDPE facilitated the tolaasin-induced hemolysis while the other two phospholipids showed no effects. At various concentrations of DDPE, the tolaasin-induced hemolysis was stimulated as a dosedependent manner. The phospholipids composed of mediumchain fatty acids stabilize the tolaasin pore probably by binding between the pore structure and membrane phospholipids and making the membrane thickness thinner around the pore. These results showed that tolaasin molecules make more stable pores in the membrane made with phospholipids composed of medium length fatty acids, suggesting that the length of tolaasin pore is a little shorter than the thickness of RBC membrane.

Bacillus sp. PCE3 균주에 의한 질산이온 흡수 특성

윤영배 ( Yeong Bae Yun ),박수진 ( Soo Jin Park ),한민우 ( Min Woo Han ),김영기 ( Young Kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2013 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.56 No.4

Nitrate is one of the major nutrients in plants, and nitrate fertilizer often overused for the high yields of crops. Nitrate deposit in soil became one of the major reasons causing salt stress. Specially, salt stress is a serious problem in the soils of plastic film or glass houses. In this study, six microorganisms have been isolated from the wet soils near the disposals of livestock farms and their nitrate uptake activities were investigated. These bacteria were able to remove nitrate as high as 1,000?3,000 ppm (10?50 mM). The strain PCE3 showed the highest nitrate uptake activity and it removed more than 3,700 ppm. In order to identify these bacteria, genes of 16S rRNA were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with the neighbor-joining methods. Among these bacteria, strain PCE3 was identified as Bacillus species. When the growth and nitrate uptake activities were measured, both were maximal at 37oC and optimal pH was pH 7?9. Bacillus sp. PCE3 removed nitrate up to 40?60 mM (2,500?3,700 ppm) depending on the nitrate concentration in media. Therefore, Bacillus sp. PCE3 can be a good candidate for the microbial remediation of nitrate-deposited soils in glass and plastic film houses.

톨라신류 펩티드 혼합처리에 의한 항진균 활성의 증가

윤영배 ( Yeong-bae Yun ),이형진 ( Hyoung-jin Lee ),김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2018 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.61 No.1

Oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) is cultivated by using oak logs and sawdust medium. Green mold (Trichoderma) infection on these media severely suppresses the growth of oak mushroom. Usages of antibiotics and chemicals are not generally allowed to control of green mold since the mushroom is a fresh food. Tolaasin and its analogues, peptide toxins secreted by Pseudomonas tolaasii, have the antifungal activity and they have been successful to control the green mold disease. When the green mold, Trichoderma harzianum H1, was cultured in the presence of these toxins, the growth of fungus was effectively suppressed. In sawdust media, when the bacterial culture supernatants were sprayed on the aerial hyphae of green molds, the fungal growth was completely suppressed. Particularly, the antifungal activity was greatly increased by the combined culture extracts of P. tolaasii 6264 and HK11 strains. Therefore, these bacterial strains and their peptide toxins were able to suppress the growth of green molds and these can be good candidates to prevent from Trichoderma disease in oak mushroom cultivation.

다양한 Pseudomonas tolaasii 균주에 의해 분비되는 펩티드 독소의 분석

윤영배 ( Yeong-bae Yun ),김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2020 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.63 No.4

Pseudomonas tolaasii is a pathogen causing brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms. In previous study, various strains of P. tolaasii were isolated from the mushrooms with disease symptoms and they were further divided into Ptα, Ptβ, and Ptγ subtypes according to the 16S rRNA gene analysis. To investigate the secretion of peptide toxins, tolaasin and its analog peptides, culture extracts of Pt group strains were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. Those of Ptα subtype strains contained two chromatographic peaks, band A and B. Meanwhile, those of Ptβ and Ptγ subtype strains contained mainly band A component and a little of band B. Molecular weights of toxic peptides of culture extracts were measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In Ptα subtype strains, the peptide compositions of band A and B were same including tolaasin I (1,987 Da), tolaasin II (1,943 Da), and its two analog peptides, 1,973 Da and 2,005 Da. The strains of Ptβ and Ptγ subtype secreted many components of MW 1,100-1,200 Da, but they did not synthesize any tolaasin-like peptides. These results suggest that the only Ptα subtype strains secrete tolaasin and its analog peptide toxins and the strains of Ptβ and Ptγ subtypes have different pathogenic characters causing brown blotch disease.

환원 조건에서 톨라신 저해 물질 활성의 안정성 증가

윤영배 ( Yeong-bae Yun ),김민희 ( Min-hee Kim ),김영기 ( Young-kee Kim ) 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.60 No.4

Tolaasin, peptide toxin produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii, causes a brown blotch disease on the cultivated mushrooms. Tolaasin peptides form membrane pores and disrupt cellular membrane structure. Molecular actions of tolaasin consist of the aggregation of peptide molecules, binding to the cell membrane, and formation of membrane pores. Therefore, the inhibitions of any of these actions are able to suppress the blotch disease. We have isolated and identified several tolaasin inhibitors (named tolaasin inhibitory factors, TIF) from food additives. TIFs were able to suppress the blotch-formation by the pathogen inoculated to the mushrooms. In this study, TIFs were incubated under various conditions and their activities for the inhibition of tolaasininduced hemolytic activity were investigated. Since TIFs are unsaturated carbon compounds, they were sensitive to the air exposure and light irradiation. In the anaerobic conditions, TIFs were stable and their activities were decreased by 10% for three months. However, near 90% of TIF activity was suppressed by two weeks in the presence of air and sun light. Temperature did not show any significant effects on the activity of TIF, since storages at 5, 25, 45 ℃ did not show any difference. Therefore, for the stable storage of TIF compounds, container should be designed to be dark and air-tight.

남자예비유아교사의 전공 교과목 학습수행에 관한 연구

윤영배(Yun, Young-Bae),유준호(Ryu, Jun-Ho),조중훈(Cho, Joong-Hoon) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.19

본 연구는 예비남자유아교사들이 교과목 학습수행에서 강점을 보이는 분야와 취약함을 보이는 분야를 파악하여 유치원 현장에서의 남자교사의 역량 기반과 활동의 참고자료로 활용하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 예비남자유아교사 10명이었으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 남자예비유아교사들은 유아교육학과에서 유아교사가 되기 위한 지식과 기술, 태도를 배울 것이라고 예상하였으나, 실제로는 예상보다 세분화, 전문화된 내용을 배웠다고 응답하였다. 전공교과에서는 신체활용이 많은 교과목의 학습수행이 수월하였고, 예능교과에서 수행에서는 어려움을 경험했다고 하였다. 둘째, 전공필수 교과목은 아동간호학, 유아사회교육, 유아동작교육 순으로 학습결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 전공 선택 교과목은 보육실습, 아동 및 청소년 음악치료, 유아체육 및 레크레이션 순으로 학습결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 교직과목 학습수행에서는 이론중심이기 때문에 남녀의 차이가 크게 나지 않고 비교적 수월하였던 것으로 나타났다. 교직과목에서는 교육행정 및 교육경영, 교육방법 및 교육공학, 교육실습 순으로 학습결과가 좋은 것으로 나타났다. This study examined the learning performance of the subjects during school to find out the areas in which male pre-service in early childhood teachers show strength and vulnerability. For this purpose, 10 prospective male infant teachers who are attending or are expected to graduate from the department of early childhood education atUniversity in Seongnam City. The results were as follows. First, the survey on pre-school expectations of male pre-service in early childhood teacher and changes in their perception after classes showed that the department of infant education expected to learn knowledge, skills and attitudes to become infant teachers, but responded that it actually learned more detailed and specialized contents than expected. In the performance of major subjects, it was found that subjects using the body were easy to perform, and that they had difficulty in sharing roles in entertainment subjects and detailed roles, especially in group activities. Second, the subjects that said the results of major required subjects were good followed by nursing, social education for infants and children, and children s and youth music therapy, and infant sports and recreation. In the course of teaching, it was found that the difference between men and women was relatively easy because it was based on theory. The subjects of teaching were education administration and education management, education methods and education engineering, and education practice.

오르프 접근법에 의한 유아 음악교육 프로그램이 창의성 증진에 미치는 효과

윤영배 ( Young Bae Yun ),유준호 ( Jun Ho Ryu ) 한국아동교육학회 2012 아동교육 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 오르프 접근법을 토대로 하여 유아발달에 적합한 음악활동 프로그램을 한국적 교육환경과 정서에 맞게 개발하고, 그 프로그램이 유아들에게 음악적 인간으로의 성장을 돕고 창의성의 중진에 효과적인 프로그램으로 유아교육 현장에서 활용될 수 있는지를 검증해 보는데 그 목적을 두고자 한다. 프로그램의 내용은 말 리듬, 노래 부르기, 신체표현, 악기연주를 매체로 한 16회기의 활동으로 구성되었다. 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 수도권 S시에 있는 2곳의 어린이집 만4세와 만5세 유아 80명(남아 35명, 여아 45명)을 실험 대상으로 하였다. 실험·비교집단의 사전·사후검사에 사용된 검사지는 Torrance(1981)의 창의성 검사 TCAM을 사용하였다. 연구에서 얻어진 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 개발된 프로그램은 창의성 증진에 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 실험 전 연구대상 유아의 창의성은 전반적으로 낮은 수준을 보였으며 연령이 높은 유아가 높았으며 성별에는 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 실험 후 실험집단 유아의 창의성 중진 효과는 높게 나타났다. 특히 5세 유아의 향상의 폭이 더 컸으며, 실험 후에도 성별에 의한 차이는 없었다. 또한 실험 전 창의성이 낮은 그룹에서 프로그램의 효과가 크게 나타났음은 의미 있는 연구결과라고 할 수 있다. This study aims its purpose at developing, through Orff Approach method, a musical activity program appropriate for child development that fits to Korean educational environment and atmosphere, and testing if the program can be used in a child education field as the effective program in which its application to children help the growth of musical sense and promote the development of the musical creativity. The program consists of four activity media, such as speech rhythm, singing songs, Movement, and instrumental performance, with 16-session activities that the researcher developed on the basis of Carl Orff Approach. To examine effectiveness of the program, a main test were conducted with 80 four- and five-year-olds(35 boys and 45 girls) from two early childhood care centers. Tools used in pretest and post-test for the experimental and control groups were Torrence`s(1981) Thinking Creativity in Action and Movement(TCAM). The conclusions derived from the research are as follows: First, the developed program was effective in promoting creativity. Second, the children`s creativity level before the experiment was overall low and the older children have higher creativity levels, and no difference in gender. Third, after the experiment the effectiveness of promoting development of creativity level of the children of the test subject group was high, and no difference in gender again. Moreover, it can be said a meaningful research result that the program`s effect was high.