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유현석(HyunSeok YU) 한국정치학회 2011 한국정치학회보 Vol.45 No.5
이 연구는 인간안보 증진에 있어 군의 역할에 관한 연구이다. 군은 종종 인간안보를 위협하는 존재로서 인식되었고 인간안보와 국가안보가 상충된다는 인식 그리고 군의 임무가 국가안보를 담당하는 것에 한정된다는 인식으로 인해 군의 인간안보 증진자로서의 가능성은 학문적으로나 현실적으로 적절히 다루어지지 못했다. 이 연구는 군의 인간안보의 증진자로서의 역할을 뒷받침할 몇 가지 이론적 배경을 제시하고 현실에서 군이 인간안보의 증진자 역할을 하는 사례들을 제시하고 있다. 인간안보와 국가안보의 관계에 대한 새로운 인식, 비안보 이슈가 안보이슈로 전환하는 안보화의 경향, 국가의 소프트파워가 강조되면서 군의 소프트파워적 역할의 가능성의 확대, 보호할 책임(Responsibility to Protect) 개념의 등장과 함께 군의 인간안보 증진활동의 가능성이 확대되었다. 현실에 있어서도 군은 국제적 분쟁이나 인간안보 위기 상황에서 인도적 지원에 참여하고 있고 또 재난 구호 활동을 군의 또 다른 임무로 상정하고 있다. 이와 함께 캐나다와 EU의 경우 군은 인간안보 증진 활동을 포함한 다양한 임무를 수행하는 다목적 군, 그리고 인간안보 증진 활동을 임무로 하는 새로운 군의 정체성을 만들어가고 있다. 향후 한국군은 국제적 인간안보 증진 활동에 참여할 기회가 늘어나게 될 것이며 그때 군 작전에서 인간안보적 측면을 고려하는 타국의 군 병력들과 같이 작전을 펼치게 될 가능성이 있다. 이러한 병력들과 같이 작전에 임하기 위해서는 적어도 인간안보 개념에 대한 이해 그리고 인간안보 개념이 반영된 군 작전 개념에 대한 이해가 필요하다. 이와 함께 군사훈련에 인간안보적 요소가 도입되어야 한다. 인간안보가 왜 중요하며 이것이 군의 임무와 반드시 상충되는 것이 아니라는 인식이 군의 교육 내용에 포함되어야 한다. This paper is a study about the role of military in the advancement of human security which has been under-studied in Korea. This study presents 1) theoretical background to the possibility of military’s positive role in promoting human security and 2) cases that show the practice of military for human security. New idea regarding the relationship between national and human security, idea of securitization, soft power and the ‘responsibility to protect’ all contribute to military’s more active role in promoting human security. In real world, military begins to have new identity in many countries. Militaries in Canada and EU have transformed into multipurpose militaries and actively engaged in human security promoting operations. In Korea military is still preoccupied with national security. However, Korean military will have more opportunity to work with other militaries for human security operations. Thus Korean military has to understand human security-friendly military operation and to develop training program which emphasizes the importance of human security in military operations.
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유현석(柳現錫) 한국전략문제연구소 2001 전략연구 Vol.8 No.2
This study examines the relationship between economics and national security with the case of national security in Korea after the economic crisis of 1997. The main question is what kind of impact the economic crisis of 1997 has had on Korean national security. This study consists of three parts. First part examines the impact of the economic crisis of 1997 on military security of Korea. Main focus is on the domestic dynamics in Korean political economy after the crisis. Second part deals with the economic security of Korea after the crisis. Part three examines how has the crisis of 1997 which was regional phenomenon, affected the regional security in East Asia and in turn the national security of Korea. This study draws three main conclusions. First of all, the economic crisis of 1997 had negative impact on the military security of Korea by eroding material base of national security. The sharp decrease of defence budget caused by the economic crisis was the major blow to the Korea's military security. However, this study wants to emphasize that the more critical impact of the economic crisis on the Korean national security was that the economic crisis provided the atmosphere in which people could questioned existing budget priority to military security-related matters over other social necessities. There has been a taboo in Korea on questioning the defence budget due to the confrontational situation in the Korean peninsular. The emergence of imminent social and economic problems triggered the conflict over the budget allocation and the voice that demand budget priority to socioeconomic over military matters began to receive widen popular support. The second conclusion is that the economic security has been eroded significantly by the economic crisis and the efforts to overcome it. The Korean economy has been opened up in the efforts to attract more foreign capital. Unlike the military security which can be improved as the economic condition improved, the economic security is hard to improved since the structure and the way the Korean economy operates changed fundamentally. Especially, the sensitivity and vulnerability of the Korean economy has sjgnificantly increased as the foreign economic forces began to play more important role than ever. In short, as the result of the economic crisis of 1997, economic security has been severely weakened and also it provided the opportunity to realize the importance of non-military security. Finally, the economic crisis which swept most of East Asian countries did not seen to alter existing power balance among major actors in East Asian international relations. The United States still assumes hegemonic status in the region and Japan is continuing her efforts to improve its political and military position in the region in spite of severe economic difficulties. Despite of this continuity, there have been two important changes in perception politics in East Asian international relations. First, in the course of overcoming economic crisis, the negative perception toward the United States spread among East Asian countries including the Korea. The United States was perceived as representative of Western economic actors such as international financial institutions and Western banks and investors. Born Asian leaders criticized that the United States take advantage of helpless Asia countries in order to expand her economic and political influence in the region. This resentment toward the United States awakened Asian countries and helped the formation of Asian identity. Whereas the U.S. actions caused resentment, China stood to gain influence by providing needed leadership. All these development could trigger the change of regional order in East Asia. Especially, if the China wants to use this situation as the opportunity to expand her influence in the region including over the Korea, that would cause tension between the U.S and China. Second, countries in the region realized that the cooperation among East Asian countries is critical to prevent future economic crisis as well as the economic development of the region. The realization of the necessity of further economic interdependence could lessen the military and political tensions that has already existed in the region. It is hard to judge how these two conflicting development affect the East Asian regional security. However, considering the importance of the major power politics in Korean national security, the changes in regional order which could be precipitated by China's move for more influence in the region. Russia's more assertive foreign policy toward Northeast Asia and the counter-move of the United States, would have negative impact on both East Asia and Korea.
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