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유경상(Gyeong-sang Yoo),김승준(Seung-jun Kim),이진학(Jinhak Lee) 서울연구원 2013 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Motorways are limited-access roads for the exclusive use of certain classes of motor vehicles. They are free of any at-grade crossings with other roads, railways, or pedestrian paths. Seoul has a total of 13 motorways which consist of 10 urban expressways and 3 main arterial roads. Motorways have played important roles in fluent traffic movement and enhanced safety. However in many cases motorways receive significant opposition from nearby residents because they are space-intensive, attract the large traffic volumes, and cause inconvenience to pedestrians and bicyclists. This study aims to evaluate the operational efficiency of motorways and to propose some improvement strategies focusing on the release of motorway designation. The operational efficiency is evaluated based on AHP method with a total of 14 performance indices including travel speed, accident rate, networkability, and long-distance travel ratio, etc. The evaluation produces meaningfully different results for different motorway types. Most of urban expressways are functioning as planned except Jemulpo-gil, where are more vehicles than it can handle. Otherwise the 3 main arterials lose their function because they are subjected to low travel speed, high accident rate, and low long-distance travel ratio. Therefore some improvement strategies such as the release of motorway designation and the revision of laws or regulations need to be implemented to fit current operational conditions. Nambusunhwan-ro(Oryu IC~Guro IC, 3.2㎞) is recommended to be released from motorway designation to reduce citizens’ inconvenience. The evaluation result shows the lowest value in terms of efficiency mainly because operational issues and problems that are prohibited or restricted by laws or regulation are easily observed for this section such as pedestrian crosswalk and sidewalk, bus stop, and motorcycle access. Yangjae-daero marks a lower efficiency score than most of motorways as well as it also has several prohibited facilities. From a roadway network perspective, however, it plays an important role in connecting major trunk roads. In more details Yangjae-daero will connect Gangnamsunhwan expressway, whose construction will be completed at 2018, with Dongbugansun expressway. As a result it is better way to keep Yangjae-daero designated as a motorway. Nodle-gil has not only a low efficiency but also it causes severe inconvenience and confusion to motorcyclists crossing Seongsan-daegyo from north to south. They violates laws in their own despite because all of the roads connected to Seongsan-daegyo at south, Nodle-gil and Seobugansun expressway, are motorways where motorcycles are prohibited from traveling. Therefore it is recommended to move the western starting point of a motorway from the north end of Yanghwa-gyo to the south end of Yanghwa-daegyo. From a different standpoint, it is necessary to ask central government to revise the laws or regulations for the separate facility standards applicable to urban expressways and main arterials respectively. In addition, the improvement of visibility and readability of road signs and the introduction of road marks need to be considered to reduce the traffic accidents. Finally it also needs to be studied carefully, from a long-term point of view, whether to grant a permission for motorcyclists to use motorways to get a better equity between modes. This study is expected to provide a logical basis for deciding whether to release motorway designation of the roads having a low operational efficiency, and to suggest a direction for improvement in the operation of the existing motorways.
‘보행친화도시 만들기’ 가로설계·관리 매뉴얼의 기본방향
이창(Chang Yi),유경상(Gyeong Sang Yoo),김영란(Young-Ran Kim),민현석(Hyun-Suk Min),박찬운(Chan-Woon Park),정상미(Sang Mi Jeong),정윤주 서울연구원 2014 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
As manifested in various urban policies, the Seoul Metropolitan Government(SMG) has made great efforts to improve the pedestrian environment. The City of Seoul has managed “Car-Free Day” events several times, and has designated pedestrian-only streets in many areas. However, it is not always convenient to walk in Seoul. On the streets, citizens still experience narrow sidewalks, streets cluttered with street furniture, and slanted sidewalk angles which are not safe for the mobility disadvantaged. The SMG still has work remaining to enhance the quality of the walking environment. In pursuing this goal, public officials in the SMG have realized an urgent need to seek guidance from a street design manual. Herein, the existing manuals were reviewed to see if they could be of use in the redesign of Seoul streets. It was found that the manuals were simply not up to the job, presenting many problems. First, in most cases, the national government created the manuals. Thus, they did not reflect the unique characteristics of Seoul’s built environment. Second, the manuals provided only general direction for street design, without specific details to deal with the diverse types of streets found in Seoul. Third, they set the focus on a few elements of street design, while considering various factors in an integrated manner is a key element for desirable street design. For these reasons, the SMG plans to create a Seoul Street Design Manual. As preliminary research for such a manual, this study drew on lessons from other cities in the world. The manuals for various cities abroad all have a common theme: they aim to convert current “Incomplete Streets” that were designed for automobiles to “Complete Streets” that put pedestrians and bicycles on equal footing with cars. Nevertheless, their coverage of design elements, the level of details included in the guidelines, and the contents of the manuals still differ from each other. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Seoul experienced rapid growth with the construction of major urban highways such as the Olympic Freeway. It may be evident that Seoul has not treated pedestrians and bicycles with due respect compared to automobiles. Therefore, we suggested that the Seoul Street Design Manual should focus on the design of Complete Streets, for which the design principles are proposed herein. Moreover, for a city like Seoul with various street types, it is important to provide customized design strategies for each street pattern. Readers can also find them in this report. Since physical developments, including buildings and transport infrastructure, have almost been completed, it is crucial to implement the design manual step by step. Although a design scheme such as road diet is a desirable outcome for pedestrians, it would bring about chaos for auto users if executed instantly. Learning from cities abroad(such as the Parklet program in San Francisco), we proposed a method to carry out the design proposal through gradual and acceptable changes. Finally, the creation of a fine street design is a task that should involve a wide variety of fields including transportation, urban design, and environmental engineering. This report also suggested organizing a Task Force(TF) to collect useful ideas from many disciplines. That way, citizens walking on the streets in Seoul could benefit for years to come.