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‘보행친화도시 만들기’ 가로설계·관리 매뉴얼의 기본방향
이창(Chang Yi),유경상(Gyeong Sang Yoo),김영란(Young-Ran Kim),민현석(Hyun-Suk Min),박찬운(Chan-Woon Park),정상미(Sang Mi Jeong),정윤주 서울연구원 2014 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
As manifested in various urban policies, the Seoul Metropolitan Government(SMG) has made great efforts to improve the pedestrian environment. The City of Seoul has managed “Car-Free Day” events several times, and has designated pedestrian-only streets in many areas. However, it is not always convenient to walk in Seoul. On the streets, citizens still experience narrow sidewalks, streets cluttered with street furniture, and slanted sidewalk angles which are not safe for the mobility disadvantaged. The SMG still has work remaining to enhance the quality of the walking environment. In pursuing this goal, public officials in the SMG have realized an urgent need to seek guidance from a street design manual. Herein, the existing manuals were reviewed to see if they could be of use in the redesign of Seoul streets. It was found that the manuals were simply not up to the job, presenting many problems. First, in most cases, the national government created the manuals. Thus, they did not reflect the unique characteristics of Seoul’s built environment. Second, the manuals provided only general direction for street design, without specific details to deal with the diverse types of streets found in Seoul. Third, they set the focus on a few elements of street design, while considering various factors in an integrated manner is a key element for desirable street design. For these reasons, the SMG plans to create a Seoul Street Design Manual. As preliminary research for such a manual, this study drew on lessons from other cities in the world. The manuals for various cities abroad all have a common theme: they aim to convert current “Incomplete Streets” that were designed for automobiles to “Complete Streets” that put pedestrians and bicycles on equal footing with cars. Nevertheless, their coverage of design elements, the level of details included in the guidelines, and the contents of the manuals still differ from each other. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Seoul experienced rapid growth with the construction of major urban highways such as the Olympic Freeway. It may be evident that Seoul has not treated pedestrians and bicycles with due respect compared to automobiles. Therefore, we suggested that the Seoul Street Design Manual should focus on the design of Complete Streets, for which the design principles are proposed herein. Moreover, for a city like Seoul with various street types, it is important to provide customized design strategies for each street pattern. Readers can also find them in this report. Since physical developments, including buildings and transport infrastructure, have almost been completed, it is crucial to implement the design manual step by step. Although a design scheme such as road diet is a desirable outcome for pedestrians, it would bring about chaos for auto users if executed instantly. Learning from cities abroad(such as the Parklet program in San Francisco), we proposed a method to carry out the design proposal through gradual and acceptable changes. Finally, the creation of a fine street design is a task that should involve a wide variety of fields including transportation, urban design, and environmental engineering. This report also suggested organizing a Task Force(TF) to collect useful ideas from many disciplines. That way, citizens walking on the streets in Seoul could benefit for years to come.
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표수진(Su-Jin Pyo),이윤진(Yun-Jin Lee),박성익(Seong-Ik Park),이창일(Chang-Il Lee),박종이(Jong-Yi Park),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn) 한국생명과학회 2020 생명과학회지 Vol.30 No.5
현대사회는 고지방의 서구화된 식사, 과도한 스트레스 등으로 비정상적인 혈액응고 및 과다한 혈소판 응집이 증가되고 있으며, 이로 인한 다양한 혈전성 질환 위험성도 증가되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제주 특용식물인 상동나무(Sageretia thea) 지상부의 항혈전 활성을 평가하기 위해 잎(ST-L), 줄기(ST-B), 열매(ST-F) 에탄올 추출물을 조제하고 이의 항혈전 활성, 인간 적혈구 용혈활성 및 flavonoids·phenolic acids 조성을 검토하였다. ST-B 추출물은 식용으로 이용되고 있는 ST-F 추출물보다 6.7배의 총 폴리페놀 함량을 보였으며, ST-L 추출물은 ST-F 추출물보다 2.7배 높은 총 플라보노이드 함량을 보였다. 혈액응고 저해활성 평가 결과, ST-F 추출물은 aPTT에서만 혈액응고시간 연장이 미약하게 나타났으나, ST-L 및 ST-B 추출물은 기존 항혈전제인 aspirin 및 베리류 및 한방 약재 추출물 보다 트롬빈, 프로트롬빈, 응고인자들에 대해 강력한 저해활성을 나타내었다. 혈소판 응집저해 역시 ST-L 및 ST-B 추출물은 aspirin보다 우수한 응집저해 활성을 나타내었으며, 인간 적혈구에 대한 용혈활성은 1 mg/ml 농도까지 전혀 나타나지 않았다. ST-L 및 ST-B 추출물의 phenolic acid 및 flavonoids 분석결과, rutin, isoquercitrin 및 astragalin이 주요 활성물질로 확인되었다. 본 연구결과는 상동나무 잎과 줄기의 강력한 항혈전 활성의 최초 보고이며, 상동나무를 이용한 항혈전제 개발이 가능함을 제시하고 있다. 향후 상동나무에서 처음으로 확인된 isoquercitrin의 항혈전 기전에 대한 연구가 필요하다. Recently, thrombotic diseases have become rapidly more prevalent due to Westernized lifestyles and high-fat diets. In this study, the anti-thrombosis activities of the aerial parts of Sageretia thea were evaluated using ethanol extracts of the leaf (ST-L), branch (ST-B), and fruit (ST-F), and their anti-coagulation, platelet aggregation inhibition, and hemolytic toxicity were assessed. In comparison to the ST-F extract, the ST-B exhibited 6.7 times more polyphenol content, and the ST-L had 2.7 times more total flavonoid content. The ST-L and ST-B extracts showed stronger inhibitions of thrombin, prothrombin, and blood coagulation factors than aspirin, berry extracts, or commercial oriental herbs. Furthermore, ST-L and ST-B showed superior platelet aggregation-inhibitory activities than aspirin. The ST-F extract demonstrated only minor anti-thrombosis effects, and none of the extracts showed hemolysis against red blood cells up to 1 mg/ml. Phenolic acid and flavonoid analysis of the ST-L and ST-B extracts showed abundant rutin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin as the major active compounds. Further research on the anti-thrombotic activity of isoquercitrin, a rare flavonoid from quercetin, is necessary. This is the first report of isoquercitrin in Sageretia thea, and our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B extracts could therefore developed as anti-thrombosis agents.
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이창(YI, Chang),정상미(JEONG, Sangmi),김영범(KIM, Youngbeom) 대한교통학회 2026 대한교통학회지 Vol.44 No.3
교통계획 분야에서는 통행을 목적지에서의 활동을 수행하기 위해 발생하는 ‘파생수요’로 간주한다. 이러한 관점에서 통행시간은 기회비용으로 이해된다. 따라서 새로운 교통 인프라를 구축할 때의 주된 목표는 시민들의 통행시간을 단축하는 것이다. 물론 통행시간은 단축되는 것이 바람직하지만 통행시간이 단순히 기회비용이라는 가정에는 의문이 제기될 수 있다. 이를테면 통행자들은 대중교통이나 승용차로 이동 중에 뉴스 읽기, 드라마 시청, 음악 감상은 물론 공부나 업무까지 다양한 활동을 수행하고 있다. 이 연구는 통근 및 등하교 통행을 대상으로 통행 중활동의 금전적 가치를 추정하였다. 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 활용하여 서울 거주자 1,000명을 대상으로 출근길에 어떤 활동을 하는지, 그리고 이동 중 수행하는 다양한 활동에 얼마를 지불할 의향이 있는지 조사했다. 분석 결과, 1시간 통행 중 활동에 운전자는 매월 9,278원, 지하철 이용자는 7,963원, 버스 이용자는 5,475원을 지불할 의향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구의 결과는통행 중 활동의 금전적 가치를 추정하여 통행시간 개념에 관한 새로운 시각을 제공한다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 후속연구에서는 자율주행 차량 등에 관한 심도있는 논의가 가능할 것이라 기대한다. Transportation planners consider travel as derived demand to execute various activities at destinations. Here what is important is ‘activity’. Travel is just a necessary act to perform the activity. Thus travel time is considered an opportunity cost, a time that is wasted. In that respect, the ultimate objective of building a new transport infrastructure is to shorten travel time. However, since everybody owns and uses smart phones these days, whether travelers can find some utilities while doing a range of activities during travel (such as reading news, watching dramas and listening to music) is controversial. In particular, if there are people who study or work during commuting, it means that commuting time can be productively used. That goes against the traditional assumption in transportation field that travel time is an opportunity cost. This study predicts monetary values of activities during commuting. Using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the authors asked 1,000 residents of Seoul as to what they did while traveling to work and how much they would pay to continue their activities during commuting. Our analysis predicts that drivers, subway users and bus riders are willing to pay for 9,278, 7,963 and 5,475 Won/hour·month, respectively. For instance, a person who commutes for 2 hours every day using subway would be willing to pay for 16,000 Won a month. This result provides a useful information and insight to evaluate current transportation policies.
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