유통기관의 기능에 관한 소고

양한춘 목원대학교 사회과학연구소 1990 産經硏究 Vol.6 No.-

참장어(뱀장어) Anguilla japonica 양어장(養魚場)에서의 아질산(亞窒酸) 중독(中毒)에 의한 Methemoglobin증(症)과 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 변성(變性)

양한춘,전세규,Yang, Han-Choon,Chun, Seh-Kyu 한국어병학회 1991 한국어병학회지 Vol.4 No.1

가온(加溫) 양어장(養魚場)에서 자란 참장어(뱀장어) Anguilla japonica의 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 변화(變化)와 Methemoglobin증(症)에 대(對)해서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 양어장(養魚場)의 수질(水質)은 수온(水溫) $22.0{\sim}29.0^{\circ}C$, DO 4.33~7.33ppm, pH 6.1~8.2, $NO_2$ - N 0.03~10.1ppm의 범위(範圍)였다. 2. 조사(調査) 대상(對象)인 참상어는 외관상(外觀狀)으로는 활력(活力)이나 체색(體色) 및 혈액(血液)에 이상(異常)이 없었고, pH 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어장(養魚場)이 참상어는 체표면(體表面)에 점액질(粘液質)이 많았으며 점착력(粘着力)이 컸었다. 3. Methemoglobin양(量)은 12월(月)에 총(總) 적혈구(赤血球)의 1.03~9.86%, 6월(月)에 5.05~25.69%였으며, 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 양(量)은 12월(月)에 5.83~30.17%, 6월(月)에 8.67~74.45%로서 Methemoglobin이나 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 다 같이 하계(夏季)에 많은 증가(增加)를 보인 것은 양어장(養魚場)의 물 관리(管理)가 겨울철에도 좋지 못했지만 여름철에 더 좋지못했다는 결과(結果)인 것 같다. 4. 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)은 조사(調査)한 양어장(養魚場) 전체(全體)에서 중급(中級) 이상(以上)의 부종증상(浮腫症狀)을 보였고, 3월(月)과 6월(月)에 아가미는 2차새변 상피세포(上皮細胞)(호흡세포((呼吸細胞))의 박리(剝離)가 일어나는 심(甚)한 변성(變性)을 보인 양어장(養魚場)에 많아졌으며 간장(肝臟)은 핵농축(核濃縮)이나 동공화(洞空化)된 세포(細胞)가 많아졌고 신장(腎臟)은 대다수(大多數)의 양어장(養魚場)에서 혈철증(血鐵症)이 생겼다. 5. 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)가 높은 양어장(養魚場)에서 Methemoglobin이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 있었으나 반드시 일치(一致)하지는 않았고, pH가 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어지(養魚池)에서는 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 Methemoglobin과 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 대체(大體)로 증가(增加)했으며 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)의 퇴행성(退行性) 변성(變性)이 심(甚)했다. Histopathological changes and methemoglobinemia of the eels (Anguilla japonica) reared at six culture farms in the vicinity of Y$\check{o}$su city were investigated under the conditions of $22.0{\sim}29^{\circ}C$, 4.33~7.33ppm of D.O., pH 6.1~8.2 and 0.03~10.1ppm of nitrite from December, 1989 to June, 1990. All of the eels showed no any abnormal state in action, color and blood, but the eels reared in pH 6.0 had planty of mucus and stickiness on their body surface. Methemoglobin levels were 1.03~9.86% of total erythrocyes in Dec. and 5.05~25.69% in June, and poikilocyte levels were 5.8~30.17% in Dec. and 8.67~74.45% in June. These results indicate the fact that the water management of the culture farms was worse in summer than in winter, even though not good in winter. Hypertrophy was found in the gill, hepatic and kidney tissue of the eels in all the culture farms. In March and June, Fish of all culture farms appeared the detachment of gill lamella epithelium cells, pyknosis and sinusoids of nucleus in the hepatic tissue and hemosiderosis in the kidney tissue. The trend of increase in methemoglobin levels appeared in the fish of culture farms with high nitrite concentration, which didn't appear equally in all the culture farms. However, in the culture farms of pH 6.0, methemoglobin and poikilocyte levels were increased independently of concentration of nitrite, and degeneration in the tissue of the gill, liver and kidney was also appeared.

유통기관의 기능에 관한 소고

梁漢春 牧園大學 産業經營硏究所 1990 産經硏究 Vol.6 No.-

1994년 도 제 12 회 학술발표회 및 특별강연회 행사진행 및 발표요지 ( Proceedings of the Society , 1994 ) : 넙치양식장의 발병 원인에 대하여

양한춘 한국어병학회 1994 한국어병학회지 Vol.7 No.1

N/A

광양만 묘도해역의 魚類 군집의 종조성 및 양적변동

한경호,윤연미,양한춘 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

전라남도 광양만 묘도 주변의 연안어장에서 1997년 2월부터 12월까지 6회에 걸쳐 소형 저인망을 이용하여 어획물을 채집하여 魚類 군집의 종조성 및 양적변동을 조사하였다. 채집된 어류는 총 8目 38科 56屬 66種 21,541개체, 175,330g 으로 농어目(Perciformes), 쏨뱅이目(Scorpaeniformes) 및 가자미목(Pleuronectiformes) 어류가 총 50種으로 전체 출현종수의 75.8%를 차지하였으며, 科別로는 망둑어科() 어류가 8種 出現하여 가장 많았다. 총 66種의 어류중 개체수는 주둥치(Leiognathus ruchalis), 전어(Konosirus punctatus), 멸치(Engraulis japonicus), 준치(Ilisha elongata), 실양태(Repomucenus valencinnei), 보구치(Argyrosomus argentatus), 및 청멸(Thryssa kammalensis)의 7種이 전 개체수의 95.4%를 차지하여 우점종으로 나타났다. 生體量은주둥치, 전어, 꼼치(Liparis tanakai), 숭어(Mugil cephalus), 준치, 보구치, 문절망둑(Acanthogobius flavimanus), 멸치, 쥐노래미(Hexagrammos otakii) 및 실양태의 順으로 이들 10種이 全生體量의 86.1%를 차지하여 우점하였다. 출현 개체수와 생체량은 고수온기인 봄과 여름에 높게 나타났으며, 저수온기의 가을과 겨울에 낮게 나타나 수온과 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 월별 출현종수는 수온이 낮은 2월과 높은 8월에 각 19種과 20種이 出現하여 적었고, 수온이 상승하기 시작한 4월에 37種으로 가장 많았다. 종다양도지수는 0.460∼1.833으로 2월에 가장 높았으며, 6월에 낮았다. 주요 魚種의 出現頻度는 주둥치, 전어, 준치 및 실양태가 年中 出現하여 본 해역에 우점하는 주거종으로 나타났다. To determine seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition, fish samples were collected by a bottom trawl from February to December 1997 off Myo-do in Kwangyang Bay. A total of 21,541 fishes were sampled and indentified into 66 species, 38 families and 8 orders. Of the eight orders, Perciformes, Scorpaniformes and Pleuronectiformes accounted for approximately 75.8% of the fish fauna in this area. Gobiidae was dominant representing 8 species. Of 66 species identified, Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, Ilisha elongata, Repomucenus valenciennei, Argyrosomus argentatus and Thryssa kammalensis accounted for 95.4% of the individuals collected. Leiognathus nuchalis, Konosirus punctatus, Liparis tanakai, Mugil cephalus, Ilisha elongata, Argyrosomus argentus, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Engraulis japonicus, Hexagramus otakii and Repomucenus valenciennei constituted 88.1% of the total biomass. Fish fauna in both number and biomass were higher in spring and summer, than other in autumn and winter. A peak abundance of total fishes occurred in April: the following abundance July: the lowest abundance in February. The number of species showed some significant seasonal variations however, a larger number of individuals and greater biomass was observed from July to August than October to the next February.

비단잉어에 기생한 물이, Argulus japonicus (Branchiura)의 감염률 및 구제

최상덕,양한춘 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

1996년과 1997년 고수온기(25℃)에 사육중인 비단잉어에 기생하는 물이, Argulus japonicu의 형태, 감염률 및 in vitro내 사멸실험을 하였다. 감염강도(감염숙주당 기생충수)는 최저 15에서 46이었으며, 비단잉어 52.9%의ㅣ 감염강도는 26∼35이었다. 이 기생충의 감염률과 상대 감염밀도는 100%, 29.1∼33.6이었으며, 비단잉어의 폐사율은 74.4∼90.4%였다. 그리고 어체 부위별로 보면 몸통 부분이 56.0%로 가장 많이 기생되었고, 아가미, 두부, 꼬리자루에 각각 29.4, 7.8, 6.8% 감염되었다. 기생된 부위는 출혈과 함께 점액이 다량 분비되었고, 궤양도 형성되었다. 물이, Argulus japonicus의 사멸 실험에 사용된 약제는 과산화수소, 포르말린, 올리고키토산 및 식염이었다. 과산화수소 100, 200, 300 및 500ppm 시험구에서 물이의 사멸시간은 각각 64, 58, 42 그리고 17분이었다. 포르말린 200, 300 및 500ppm 시험구에서 물이는 각각 132, 114 그리고 17분만에 사멸되었다. 올리고키토산 200, 300 및 500ppm 시험구에서 물이는 각각 126, 119 그리고 44분만에 사멸되었다. 그러나 올리고키토산과 포르말린 100ppm 시험구에서 물이는 180분이내에 사멸되지 않았다. 식염 2, 4 및 6% 시험구에서 물이는 각각 36, 19 그리고 10분만에 사멸되었다. We investigated the prevalence and extermination of the brachiuran Argulus japonicus parasitic on farmed carp(Cyprinus carpio) during the high water temperature season(25℃) of 1996 and 1997. Intensity(number of parasites lice per an infected host) ranged 15 to 46: 52.9% of carp had intensity between 26 and 35. Relative density ranged 29.1 to 33.6 with 100% in prevalence. Mortality of infected carp was high with a range of 74.1 to 90.4%. A. japonicus was found in trunk(56%), gill(29.4%), head(7.8%) and caudal peduncle(6.8%) of the host. Sites in which A. japonicus was found were covered with a large amount of mucus, and revealed ulceration and bleeding. Treatments were carried out with hydrogen peroxide, formalin, oligo chitosan and salt. In hydrogen peroxide treatment, lethal times at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 and 500 ppm were 64, 58, 42 and 11 min, respectively. In formalin treatment, lethal times at concentrations of 200, 300 and 500 ppm were 132, 114 and 17 min, respectively. In treatment of oligo chitosan, lethal times at concentrations of 200, 300 and 500 ppm were 126, 119, 44 min, respectively. However, A. japonicus was not died in 180 min after each treatment of formalin and oligo chitosan at a concentration of 100 ppm. In salt treatment, lethal times at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6% were 36, 19 and 10 min, respectively.

남해안 양식산 농어 , Lateoabrax japonicus 치어에서 분리한 병원성 Staphylococcus epidermidis 에 관한 연구

양한춘(Han Choon Yang),최상덕(Sang Duk Choi),차용백(Yong Baeg Cha),조재권(Jae Kwon Cho) 한국어병학회 1997 한국어병학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Major object of this study was to investigate the causative organism of th e diseased cultured fingerling of sea bass, L japonicus. The experimental results are summarized as follows ; Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from the liver, kidney, spleen and brain, was considered to be the causative organism. External symptoms of this disease were congestion and hemorrhages in eyes. Anatomical symptoms were hemorrhage of brain, congestion of liver, and slight swelling of kidney and spleen. Growth of the isolates was good on BHIA, HIA and Staphylococcus No. 110. The growth occurred at a range(optimum) of 10∼45℃(35∼40℃), 0∼9% (1∼3%) of NaCl concentration and pH 4∼10(8). DNase and coagulase production of all isolated strains were nagative, but was positive in hemolysis. Urease was positive reaction, and novobiocin resistance was nagative. Acid was produced anaerobically from glucose and maltose. Acid was produced aerobically from glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and dextrine. But gas was not produced from any carbohydrates. When the isolated strain was injected intramuscularly on fingerling of sea bass, L japonicus, it had virulence at 1.7×10^(10) viable cells/㎖ for all fish examined but no virulence at 1.7×10⁴ viable cells/㎖. Bacitracin, Erythromycin and Nofloxacin were observed as bacteriostatic agents to the strain, but Colistin, Gentamicin and Nalidixic acid were not. There were remarkable congestion of the brain, regressive necrosis of the liver, and showed necrosis of the epithelial cells of renal tubules in kidney tissues.

고수온 고 pH 에서 뱀장어에 미치는 암모니아 급성독성의 병리조직학적 연구

양한춘(Han Choon Yang),조재권(Jae Kwon Cho) 한국어병학회 1996 한국어병학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study was carried out to examine the acute toxic effects of ammonia to the eel, Anguilla japonica in high temperature and pH levels by histopathological observations. The eels of 40 g average body weight were exposed to 4 different concentrations of total ammonia (0, 10, 20, 30 ㎎/ℓ) for 24∼120 hours. Each concentration was treated under 4 different levels of pH (7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0) and each of these treatments was tested at 2 different temperatures (27℃, 32℃). Histopathological changes in gill tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin stain. As increasing of pH (from 7.5 to 9.0), water temperature (from 27℃ to 32℃), total ammonia concentration (from 0 ㎎/ℓto 30 ㎎/ℓ) and exposure time (from 24 hours to 120 hours), gill discolorated to dark brown with the naked eye and gill tissues showed hypertrophy of gill lamellae, winding of the secondary gill lamellae, epitherial separation and necrosis histopathologically. When gill lamellae epithelium was separated from the blood vessels, gill discolorated to dark brown with the naked eye.

남해 양식산 넙치 치어에 기생한 스쿠티카 섬모충 동태 및 구제에 관하여

양한춘(Han Choon Yang),최상덕(Sang Duk Choi),김진만(Jin Man Kim),김성연(Sung Yeon Kim),조용철(Yong Chul Jo),최광규(Koang Kyu Choi) 한국어병학회 1997 한국어병학회지 Vol.10 No.1

We investigated on the prevalence and extermination of scuticociliatids parasitic on cultured japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in land-marine tank system of southern Korea from January to February in 1997. The gills and the skin showed the highest infection rate(60%), and the brain showed the lowest(22%). Also, fish secreted large quantity of mucus with a bleeding and ulcerated lesions on the infected sites. The number of the parasites in inflowing sea water, surface water and bottom water of farming tank ranged 0∼1 individuals/100㎖, 0∼413 individuals/100㎖ and 7∼7.3×10⁴ individuals/100㎖, respectively. This parasite was died within 2 hours in 50∼500 ppm, 48 hours of 10 ppm formalin or hydrogen peroxide, 1 hour in 50∼500 ppm, 80 minutes of 10 ppm oligo chitosan and 10 minute in 100% but did not died until 48 hours in 10∼70% fresh water.

포르말린 및 중성 포르말린 약욕넙치의 병리조직학적 반응

양한춘(Han Choon Yang),조재권(Jae Kwon Cho),전민남(Min Nam Chun) 한국어병학회 1997 한국어병학회지 Vol.10 No.1

In this study, poikilocyte rate and histopathological observation of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, treated with formalin, neutral-formalin(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300 ppm) at two different temperatures (15 and 25℃) were conducted to determine the time need for recovery. In all test chamber, formalin was more toxic than neutral-formalin and moderate lesions were not observed at low concentration of formalin and neutral-formalin(50∼100 ppm). As expectedly, time need for recovery of gill and kidney tissues was lengthening as increasing chemical concentration and temperature. Treatments caused edema, winding of secondary gill lamella, seperation of epithelial layer and thrombosis of secondary gill lamella in the gill; edema, hydropic and hyaline droplet degeneration in the kidney. Representatively, recovery period of fish gill that had been exposed to 300 ppm formalin and neutral-formalin was about 120 and 72 hr(25℃). 72 and 48 hr(15℃). Recovery period of kidney was about 72 and 48 hr(25℃), 48 and 48 hr(15℃) respectively. Maximum value of poikilocyte rate(27.84%) was shown in formalin 300 ppm treated fish at 25℃. Tendency of decreasing poikilocyte rate was similiar to recovery of tissues in treated fish.