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안혜선 ( Hae Sun Ahn ),나원흠 ( Won Heum Nah ),이재은 ( Jae Eun Lee ),오영석 ( Yeong Seok Oh ),계명찬 ( Myung Chan Gye ) 한국환경생물학회 2009 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.27 No.4
파라벤은 p-하이드록시 벤조산(p-hydroxybenzoic acid)의 알킬에스테르로, 비교적 빠르게 흡수, 대사 및 배설되는 살균성 보존제로 식품, 화장품, 약품 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 실제 인체는 파라벤 복합물에 노출된다. 파라벤의 안전성에 관한 연구결과들에 대한 고찰 결과 파라벤 종류에 따라 다양한 독성종말점을 대상으로 파라벤의 급성, 아급성 및 만성독성 영향은 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 파라벤은 에스트로젠 유사활성을 가지며 화장품을 통한 경피흡수를 통해 유방암과의 상관성이 보고되었으나, 이와 상반된 견해도 있다. 파라벤의 항안드로젠성은 남성생식기계의 장애를 유발할 수 있으나 이와 상반된 견해도 있다. 파라벤은 정자의 미토콘드리아 기능 및 남성호르몬 생성을 저해할 수 있으나 이와 상반된 견해도 있다. 배아발달에는 독성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 세포독성으로는 세포용혈, 미토콘드리아 막투과성변화, 세포사멸 등을 유발할 수 있다. 수환경에서 파라벤은 환경에스트로젠으로 작동하여 어류에서 내분비장애 효과를 발휘한다. 결론적으로 파라벤은 저독성물질로 분류할 수 있으나, 인체 및 수생동물들에서 파라벤의 노출경로 및 농도, 사용기간 등에 따른 독성과 내분비계장애 효과에 대하여는 다양한 종말점을 대상으로 좀 더 구체적인 독성자료들이 요구된다. Parabens are alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are widely used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutic products as preservatives. Absorbed parabens are metabolized fastly and excreted. Actually human body is exposed to complex mixture of parabens. Safety assessment at various toxicological end points revealed parabens have a little acute, subacute and chronic toxicities. Some reports have argued that as parabens have estrogenic activity, they are associated with the incidence of breast cancer through dermal absorption by cosmetics. There is an inference that antiandrogenic activity of parabens may give rise to a lesion of male reproductive system, but also there is an contrary. At cellular level, parabens may inhibit mitochondrial function of sperms and androgen production in testis, but also there is an contrary. Parabens seem to have little or no toxicity in embryonic development. Parabens can cause hemolysis, membrane permeability change in mitochondria and apoptosis, suggesting cellular toxicity of parabens. Parabens evoked endocrine disruption in several fish species and have toxic effect on small invertebrates and microbes. Therefore, the toxicity of parabens should be considered as a potentially toxic chemical in the freshwater environment. In conclusion, though parabens may be considered as a low toxic chemical, more definite data are required concerning the endocrine disrupting effect of parabens on human body and aquatic animals according to route and term of exposure as well as the residual concentration of parabens.
안혜선 ( Hae Sun Ahn ),박찬진 ( Chan Jin Park ),안효민 ( Hyo Min Ahn ),계명찬 ( Myung Chan Gye ) 한국환경생물학회 2011 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.29 No.1
Amphibian population declines globally. Aquatic contamination by organic pollutants including endocrine disrupters has been suspected to the one of the reason for distinction of amphibia which has obligate aquatic life style during larval period. Amphibians have been widely accepted as animal model for the study of endocrine disruption in aquatic ecosystem at molecular as well as individual levels. There are increasing need for toxicological data in amphibians at multiple endpoints for management of contamination and development of safety guideline for important EDs in aquatic media. Alkylphenols have been widely used in agricultural, industrial, and housekeeping activities, contaminating the aquatic media and evoking endocrine disruption in aquatic animals. In this review, we summarized data concerning the endocrine disruption by alkylphenol organic pollutants on amphibians according to route, concentration, terms, and developmental stage of exposure together with mechanism of endocrine disruption.
박찬진 ( Chan Jin Park ),안혜선 ( Hae Sun Ahn ),안효민 ( Hyo Min Ahn ),계명찬 ( Myung Chan Gye ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2011 생태와 환경 Vol.44 No.2
Aquatic contamination by organic pollutants has been a suspected reason for rapid decrease of amphibian populations whose embryonic and larval stages are in an aquatic environment. Amphibian embryos can be a useful model to study the ecoctoxicologial impacts of aquatic pollutants. The obtained toxicological data are useful references for the management of aquatic pollutants in public health because amphibia share many developmental events with terrestrial vertebrates including humans. Safety guidelines for the toxicological effects of aquatic contaminants of chemicals identified as hazardous should be addressed at multiple endpoints. Alkylphenols have been widely-used in agricultural, industrial, and household activities; they contaminate and can persist in aquatic environments. Exposure to alkylphenols results in endocrine disruption in aquatic animals. In this review, we summarize the developmental toxicities of alkylphenols in amphibian embryos and larva according to the exposure route, chemical concentration, duration of exposure, and affected developmental stage together with mechanisms of toxicity and typical patterns of developmental abnormality. The merits of amphibian embryos as a toxicity test model for mid- to long-term exposure to aquatic pollutants are discussed proposed.
무당개구리 비텔로제닌 유전자의 발현의 RT-PCR 검출법
계명찬 ( Myung Chan Gye ),이명식 ( Myung Sik Lee ),강희정 ( Hee Jung Kang ),정경아 ( Kyung Ah Jung ),안혜선 ( Hae Sun Ahn ) 한국환경생물학회 2004 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.22 No.2
N/A To develop a biomarker for the monitoring of the contamination of estrogenic endocrine disrupters in the aquatic environment, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of vitellogenin (Vg) mRNA expression was optimized in Bombina orientalis, a Korean red bellied toad species. Based on partial cDNA sequences of both Vg and beta actin genes of B. orientalis, specific primers for RT-PCR of Vg and beta actin mRNAs were developed. Semiquantitative RT-PCR of the Vg mRNA in liver was optimized using a beta actin mRNA as an internal control in both sexes. In female RT-PCR using 1 μg of the liver cDNA resulted in a linear increment in the PCR product of Vg from 18 to 34 cycles of amplification. In male, on the contrary, the RT-PCR product was first detected at 30 cycles of amplification and a linear increment was observed from 30 to 40 cycles of amplification, suggesting that male B. orientalis expresses minute amount of Vg mRNA which is a 2^(-12) equivalent of female. In conclusion, the optimized protocol for semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of Vg mRNA level in B. orientalis male liver will be useful for the environmental monitoring the xenoestrogen contamination in the freshwater environment in Korea.
안혜선;이상선 한양대학교 2004 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.23
This study was carried out to investigate the food habits and frequency of food intake of college women in Seoul vicinity. Self administered questionnaire was composed of four parts; anthropometric data, general characteristics, food habits, food frequency data. The frequency of food intake were compared according to education level of mother, family income, residence type and health status. The subjects were 318 females college student. The means of height, weight and BMI were 162.3cm, 53.4kg and 20.3kg/m2 respectively. The average meal frequency of the students was 2 times a day. Among the subject, 72.5% were skipped the breakfast. There were significant differences in vegetable, laver, fruit, soft drink intake by education level of mother(p<0.05). The students living with parents had higher frequency scores in meats, fish, fruit, cooked mixed rice intake than the students living alone. It also showed differences in laver, fruit intake by family income(p<0.05). Consequently, good food habits seems to be important to maintain a nutritional balance and it suggests that nutrition program should be prepared according to their life patten, residence type, family income etc.