한국 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론 고찰

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2021 語文論集 Vol.88 No.-

본고는 周作人의 「朝鮮傳說」(1925), 「《朝鮮童話集序》」(1931) 등 평론을 주요 연구대상으로 하여, 한국문학에 대한 근현대 중국 지식인의 연구 의식과 연구 방법론을 살펴보고자 한다. 본고의 연구와 관련하여 기존 연구에서는 한국 문인들과 周作人의 실제적인 교류를 정리하고 周作人의 한국 인식과 한국 문화 의식에 대하여 논의하였다. 이런 연구들은 현재 국가별 연구와 지역 연구가 인문학 연구의 중심으로 떠오른 중국 학계에 중요한 한국학 연구 문헌을 제공해주었다. 그러나 중국 내 한국문학 비평/ 연구 담론 구축에 있어서는 한국의 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론들을 구체적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 周作人의 한국 민간문학 평론은 근현대이래 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 활동이 전개되는 기점이라고 할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본고에서는 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 현실에 착안하여 1920 40년대 중국 내 한국문학 평론 문헌들을 비교 분석하면서, 한국문학에 대한 周作人의 연구 의식과 그 학술적 의의를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 周作人은 1920-40년대 중국 문단에 나타난 한국문학 평론과 달리 한국문학 연구에 있어서 본체론적 연구 의도와 인접 학과와의 관계 속에서 한국을 연구하고자 하는 의도를 드러냈다. 아울러 한중 문학 관계에서 한국문학에 대한 중국문학의 일방적인 영향을 강조하는 상황에서 벗어나, 한국문학의 독립성과 한중 문화의 상호적인 영향 관계에 주목하였다. 周作人의 이런 연구 의식과 연구 방법론은 오늘날 중국 내 한국문학 연구에 학술적 경험을 제공함으로써 그 가치를 발휘하게 될 것이다. Considering Zhou Zuoren’s literary critiques, including Korean Mythology (1925) and The Preface of the Collection of Korean Fairy Tales (1931), as the research object, this study aims to explore modern Chinese scholars’ knowledge of Korean literature and their research methods. Existing studies have focused on the academic exchange between Korean scholars and Zhou Zuoren, and illustrated Zhou’s understanding and recognition of Korean culture. These studies provided important data on Korean studies for contemporary Chinese academia, adding significance to international and regional studies. Zhou Zuoren’s critiques of Korean folk literature, as a prelude to China’s research on Korean literature, count as valuable academic reference for present-day Chinese academia, while constructing the discourse of Korean literary critiques and research. To clarify the status quo of Korean literary research in Chinese academia, this study makes a comparative analysis of the critiques of Korean literature by Chinese scholars from the 1920s to the 1940s, and highlights Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness of Korean literature as well as the academic significance of his research. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, research conducted by Zhou Zuoren on Korean literature revealed his intention of ontological study and his consciousness of cross-disciplinary research, in a shift from critiques by other Chinese scholars on Korean literature from the 1920s to 1940s. Meanwhile, Zhou Zuoren managed to break away from the one-way influence of Chinese on Korean literature; instead, he emphasized the independence of Korean literature and the interinfluence between Korean and Chinese cultures. Accordingly, Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness and research methods comprise the reference and documentation that modern Chinese scholars can draw on to construct the academic history of Korean literary studies.

1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론 연구

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.83 No.-

1950~60년대 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 문학평론을 중역하여 외국문학을 전문적으로 다루는 문예지 <譯文>에 게재하였는가 하면, 한설야의 시사평론을 중역하여 정치적 경향이 짙은 <文藝報>, <人民日報>에 게재하면서 한반도에 대한 북한 문인의 인식과 계급적 입장을 기사화했다. 한설야의 글들이 중역되어 출판된 데에는 한설야의 북한문학예술총동맹 중앙위원장이라는 신분과 그가 북한 문단에서 차지하는 위상이 중요한 요소로 작용했을 것이다. 그리고 무엇보다 한설야의 “인민문학” 평론은 1950~60년대 중국 학계에서 한국(조선) 문학 연구의 기준을 세우는 데 필요한 문헌으로 활용되었을 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론을 조명하면서, 그 당시 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 어떤 문학사상을 번역하였는지, 그런 점이 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구에 어떤 영향을 미치었는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구의 발전 과정을 뒤돌아봄으로써 현재 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구 현황을 점검하도록 하며, 중국에서의 외국문학연구사를 구축하는 데 필요한 문헌을 제공해줄 것이다. Han Seor-ya’s literary reviews were translated and introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s. The translated literary reviews were published in Translation Magazine, a specialized periodical in rendering foreign literature. In addition, Han Seorya’s commentary was also translated into Chinese and published in such publications with political slants as the Journal of Literature and Art and China Daily. Such translation work could convey the proletarian position of North Korean men of letters. Han Seorya’s literary reviews could be brought into China for two reasons that cannot be ignored. First, Han Seor-ya was the chairman of the League of North Korean Literature and Art, occupying the dominant position in the realm of literature in North Korea. Second, the commentary written by Han Seor-ya on the “literature created by people” could serve as a reference for China to work out the standards for foreign literature studies. This paper, therefore, focuses on Han Seorya and his literary reviews that were introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s, clarifying which of Han Seorya’s thoughts on literature were imported to China and what effect the introduction of his thoughts has had on Korean (and North Korean) studies conducted in China; and the development of the literary criticism of Korean (and North Korean) literature in China.

1949년 이전 호명수(胡明樹)의 “조선” 소재 시 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.91

Hu Mingshu (1949~1977), born in Guiping, Guangxi, was representative of the men of letters in Guangxi. Hu’s literary works cover various genres, such as novel, poetry, prose, fairy tale and review. However, there has not been adequate research on him; the reason is that his works embody salient features of the age and consciousness of resistance. In the1930s and 1940s, Hu Mingshu found two literary magazines, Poetry Monthly and Poetry ; but there are huge gaps in the study of his poetics and poems, especially his poems whose subject matter is Korea. Based on the poems concerning Korea Hu Mingshu created and poetics he proposed before 1949, this paper explores his understanding of Korea reflected in his literary works, and has drawn the conclusions as follow. First, Hu Mingshu’s poem, “Now is the Time: Calls for Korean and Taiwanese”, showed the friendship between Korea and China and the two countries’ community consciousness. The affection expressed in his poem was identical with what Chinese scholars perceived as the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. However, it was the assistance offered by Korea to China that Hu Mingshu focused on, and he argued that the Korean Army of Volunteers organized Anti-Japanese campaign in Northeast China during the War against Japanese and “they helped China in the war against Japanese aggression”. From the word “helped”, it can be noted that Hu Mingshu put more emphasis on the “revolutionary friendship Korea showed to China” than on the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. Second, Hu Mingshu’s understanding of Korean literature was also different from others. Chinese scholars then were still preoccupied with the China-centric thoughts which prevailed before modern times, so they believed that modern Korean literature failed to go deep into Chinese civilization, thus unable to mount to the world literary standards. Hu Mingshu, nevertheless, held that Koran literature embodied Korea’s national characters and vitality, and therefore reached the world literary standards. His understanding was derived from his principles of writing ― “the creation of narrative poems is based on the acquired refinement, knowledge, life experience, observation and intellectuality, etc.” Such writing principle was integrated into and epitomized by his poem, A Korean Woman, which not only mirrored his historical consciousness and intellectual refinement, but also revealed the literary and artistic values of poetry. In this poem, Hu Mingshu depicted the reality of Korea in a temperate and imaginative way, expressing his wishes and hopes for the future of Korea. Overall, Hu Mingshu’s poems concerning Korea demonstrated his understanding of the modern history of East Asia and his affection for Korea. In addition, Hu Mingshu was opposed to the poetics proposed by Guo Moruo and Huang Yaomian. The argument between Hu Mingshu and Ji Zong over the relationship between emotions and poetry is comparable to the controversy over techniques in modern Korean poetry, so a comparative study can be conducted to enrich the comparative studies and literary exchange between Korean and Chinese literature.

범천(範泉)의 조선문학 비평 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2019 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

Fan Quan (1916-2000) has got much attention from academia as an outstanding editor, publisher, writer and translator, and his literary periodicals and monographs are the major research subjects. Fan’s contribution in editing and publishing has been widely recognized, and he is also noted for translating the works of Jang Hyuk-ju, a Korean writer. However, Fan’s criticism and cognition of Korean literature have been ignored. This paper studies Fan’s criticism and translation of Korean literature by examining On Korean Writers, Korean Drama Campaign, and Sights in Korea so as to cast light on his views on Korean literature. Two conclusions have been drawn. First, Fan Quan put more emphasis on Jang Hyuk-ju’s attitude towards world literature while translating Jang Hyuk-ju’s criticism on Korean literature. Unlike his contemporary translators who focused on the development of modern Korean literature, Fan informed the readers of the place and significance of Korean literature in the development of world literature. Second, Chinese scholars still harbored ethnocentrism when appraising Korean literature during the period of Republic of China, but from Fan’s perspective, it was the formalism of Chinese culture that resulted in the stagnation of the modern Korean literature. This view involves not only Fan’s objective description of Korean literature, but also his objective comment on Chinese culture, and therefore his academic attitude is of great significant for the current literary and cultural exchange between Korea and China.