GaOOH로부터 GaN 분말의 합성에 미치는 B₂O₃의 첨가효과

송창호,신동휘,변창섭,김선태,Song, Changho,Shin, Dongwhee,Byun, Changsob,Kim, Seontai 한국재료학회 2013 한국재료학회지 Vol.23 No.2

In this study, GaN powders were synthesized from gallium oxide-hydroxide (GaOOH) through an ammonification process in an $NH_3$ flow with the variation of $B_2O_3$ additives within a temperature range of $300-1050^{\circ}C$. The additive effect of $B_2O_3$ on the hexagonal phase GaN powder synthesis route was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformation infrared transmission (FTIR) spectroscopy. With increasing the mol% of $B_2O_3$ additive in the GaOOH precursor powder, the transition temperature and the activation energy for GaN powder formation increased while the GaN synthesis limit-time ($t_c$) shortened. The XPS results showed that Boron compounds of $B_2O_3$ and BN coexisted in the synthesized GaN powders. From the FTIR spectra, we were able to confirm that the GaN powder consisted of an amorphous or cubic phase $B_2O_3$ due to bond formation between B and O and the amorphous phase BN due to B-N bonds. The GaN powder synthesized from GaOOH and $B_2O_3$ mixed powder by an ammonification route through ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ intermediate state. During the ammonification process, boron compounds of $B_2O_3$ and BN coated ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ and GaN particles limited further nitridation processes.

암모니아 분위기에서 열처리된 GaOOH와 ZnO 혼합분말의 구조적·광학적 성질

송창호,신동휘,변창섭,김선태,Song, Changho,Shin, Dongwhee,Byun, Changsob,Kim, Seontai 한국재료학회 2012 한국재료학회지 Vol.22 No.11

The purpose of this study is to investigate the crystalline structure and optical properties of (GaZn)(NO) powders prepared by solid-state reaction between GaOOH and ZnO mixture under $NH_3$ gas flow. While ammoniation of the GaOOH and ZnO mixture successfully produces the single phase of (GaZn)(NO) solid solution within a GaOOH rich composition of under 50 mol% of ZnO content, this process also produces a powder with coexisting (GaZn)(NO) and ZnO in a ZnO rich composition over 50 mol%. The GaOOH in the starting material was phase-transformed to ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}-Ga_2O_3$ in the $NH_3$ environment; it was then reacted with ZnO to produce $ZnGa_2O_4$. Finally, the exchange reaction between nitrogen and oxygen atoms at the $ZnGa_2O_4$ powder surface forms a (GaZn)(NO) solid solution. Photoluminescence spectra from the (GaZn)(NO) solid solution consisted of oxygen-related red-emission bands and yellow-, green- and blue-emission bands from the Zn acceptor energy levels in the energy bandgap of the (GaZn)(NO) solid solutions.

『우왕 헨더슨』(Henderson the Rain King)

송창호(Changho Song) 한국영미어문학회 2010 영미어문학 Vol.- No.97

Modern novels usually describe life and death, but it seems to be important how writers treat their themes with the materials of life and death. Henderson is one of Bellow's heroes in an existential dilemma, yearning for meaningful life, but he finally finds only chaos and meaninglessness. Therefore, in the primitive Africa, he takes a spiritual journey and expects to find an answer of his essential problem; namely, his inner longing of "I want". The journey is a quest for reality in his life. Henderson visits two tribes in Africa: the Arnewi and the Wariri. They symbolize two aspects of human condition: life and death. From the Arnewi Henderson learned the great human desire to live; Grun-tu-molani. This concept greatly influences him for the contentment and happiness of his life. On the other hand, from the Wariri and King Dahfu, he learned how to encounter and overcome death. Especially Dahfu teaches Henderson courage and sacrifice through the adventure of capturing a lion. In the end, Henderson bursts his spirit's sleep and has service ideal for others after his adventures in Africa. He wants to meet his wife and even the persons whom he doesn't like to meet. He makes a decision to be an active and positive person in his society. This novel can be evaluated to be the best positive one in Bellow's works.

『때를 잡아라』(Seize the Day) 속에 나타난 자아추구

송창호(Changho Song) 한국영미어문학회 2005 영미어문학 Vol.- No.75

Wilhelm experiences many sufferings, whether the cause comes from his character's flaws or the unaccommodation of social environment and system. However, the sufferings enable him to accept his circumstances and even to realize brotherhood in the end. In the process of Wilhelm's undergoing all sorts of hardships, reality instructors, who often appear as major characters in Saul Bellow's works, play an important role in realizing his situation and, furthermore, his reality. Reality instructors in Seize the Day are Dr. Adler(Wilhelm's father), Dr. Tamkin(a quack psychiatrist), Margaret(his wife) including New York(the biggest city), etc. While Wilhelm tries to escape from the reality of life desperately, he suddenly realizes brotherhood and humanity one day too easily. In fact, it seems to be a little doubtful turning in the reverse direction. But his acceptance of reality makes us feel humanity feebly through his self-awareness, although he didn't go by way of social accommodation. Wilhelm, crying from deeper feeling before the dead man who has never seen, has a kind of catharsis, spiritual ecstasy through the imagery of drowning in the water. He also sheds tears with his remorse and compassion, regarding the death of stranger as the symbol of his own death and of every man's death. And finally it can be said that he returned to life as a new man, recovering humanity though it is faint.

삶의 긍정

송창호(Changho Song) 한국영미어문학회 2006 영미어문학 Vol.- No.81

  Saul Bellow has been continuously interested in how man"s life could be defined in the modem society. Accepting the apocalyptic view of history, the contemporary writers tend to be pessimistic about the future of man. However, in the modem literary traditions of despair and alienation, he makes an attempt to affirm reality and defend man. He insists that man"s life is much damaged but it can be healed and recovered because he has his firm confidence in the essential human values and dignity.<BR>  Tommy Wilhelm, the protagonist in Seize the Day is alienated from his father, his wife, his friends and acquaintances. He is miserably estranged in the dehumanizing situation of the modem society. He is trapped between past and future and embarrassed between he guilty feeling of past failure and the anxiety of the future. Wilhelm experiences many sufferings, but they enable him to accept his circumstances and even to realize brotherhood in the end. In the process of Wilhelm"s undergoing all sorts of hardships, reality instructors, who often appear as major characters in Saul Bellow"s works, play important roles in realizing his situation and furthermore, his reality. They are Dr. Adler, Dr. Tamkin, Margaret including New York, etc. Wilhelm tries to throw off all the burdens of his own past to get of his isolation, and he is accidently swept into a funeral parlor in the crowd, where he weeps of stranger"s death with all his heart. Crying from deeper feeling before the dead man, Wilhelm has a kind of catharsis, spiritual ecstasy through the imagery of drowning in the water. The death of stranger is regarded as a symbol of his own death and every man"s death. His tears also destroy his pretender soul and open his heart to the true soul and communion with nature and man, ending his long desperation and alienation. He finally understands the basic relationship between himself and all human beings. Bellow presents a hope to man who is emasculated by a great dehumanizing pressure of modem society. He also shows the situation of alienation which the individual is faced with in modem society and at the same time presents the way of overcoming it.

고속 가우시안 블렌딩과 가중치 맵 개선을 통한 효율적인 영상 합성 방법

송창호(Changho Song),정수웅(Soowoong Jeong),이상근(Sangkeun Lee) 대한전자공학회 2016 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.6

저조도 개선을 위한 비지도 학습 기반 샴 구조 레티넥스 네트워크 모델

송창호(Changho Song),김승훈(Seung-Hun Kim) 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

In order to improve the performance of computer vision technology in low-light environments, low-light enhancement algorithms have been proposed. Recently, learning-based low-light enhancement algorithms have been proposed as deep learning-based technologies have evolved. Conventional low/normal light image pairs of training data sets are not robust to various low-light environments. In this paper, we configure a data set to deal with various low-light environment through various exposure steps of multi-exposure images. We propose a siamese retinex network model based on un-supervised learning for low-light enhancement that extracts intrinsic characteristics of images such as reflectance image. Experimental results show that the p roposed method is robust to various low-light environments and the degraded detail is well represented compared to existing methods.

어느 유태지식인의 자아성찰

송창호(Changho Song) 한국영미어문학회 2016 영미어문학 Vol.- No.121

This paper tries to search for a Jewish intellectual’s acceptance of reality through self-examination in modern society. Herzog is an intellectual and also ordinary man encountering various dilemmas in family and society. Although he has a family breakdown, he tries to overcome this difficulty with the awareness of his Jewish heritage. At the same time, he hopes to achieve self-realization through self-examination in the community. After many sufferings, Herzog recognizes the importance of humanity and respect for individuality. Namely, human relief can be said to depend on an understanding of original human nature by accepting his own life as it really is, not on utopian illusion, political solution and scientific research, etc. Herzog boldly encounters unreasonable reality and social absurdity and tolerates them, regarding himself as a part of reality courageously. Herzog experiences many affairs and difficulties, which lead him to self-examination and self-realization in the end. Here, we can see Bellow’s belief in the possibility of accommodation of self and world.

Video Based Behavioral Analysis to Observe Attention during Mirror Therapy in Hemiplegic Patients : Preliminary Study

김진민(Jinmin Kim),송창호(Changho Song) 물리치료재활과학회 2021 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.10 No.2

Objective: Mirror therapy is one of the promising methods suggested for the upper limb rehabilitation of stroke patients. Whilemirror therapy was presented to be effective in improving motor function of stroke patients, problems were raised as precedingstudies had various methods in applying mirror therapy. Some studies even reported no effect in mirror therapy. Our suppositionfor the reason of such problems was a decrease of attention on the illusive image during mirror therapy of stroke patients, and we aimed to observe this. Design: A cross-sectional preliminary study. Methods: Three hemiplegic acute patients were recruited for the traditional mirror therapy. It lasted for 30 minutes, and 12different tasks were asked to perform. All procedures were video-recorded, and Observer XT was used to analyse mirror-gazingtime, gaze-distracted time, preparation time, frequency of mirror gazing, frequency of distraction, frequency of preparation fortreatment. Results: Subjects spent an average of 4-5 minutes having instructions about the mirror therapy intervention (preparation duration), an average of 11 minutes watching the mirror during therapy (mirror-gazing duration), and the rest of 14-15 minutes lookingaround the environment (gaze-distracted duration). During the mirror therapy, the number of distracted moments (frequency ofdistraction) was eight times more than focusing on the mirror (frequency of mirror gazing). Conclusions: Once the patient looks at the mirror, it only lasts about 5 seconds on average. Thus, we confirmed that patients couldnot concentrate on the illusion during the session and therefore it may have affected the effectiveness of the therapy.

낙원의 추구

宋昌鎬 金烏工科大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

A consistent criticism of modern American novels, as exemplified by Charles B. Harris's statement, is that they portray "the hoplessness of human condition. Saul Bellow, one of already classical novelists all over the world, in no way, subscribes to such a pessimistic points of view and insists the defense of man and personality. In herzog, Bellow dilemmas, but he does not allow his protagonist to be dragged down into the "mice" or the "Void" of "post-humanistic" nihilism Though Herzog initially is defeated and seeks to escape the world by envisioning a paradise in which he can hide, he eventually realized that escape is impossible and, as Patrick Morrow says, comes to believe that man's living with society is preferable to self-imposed alienation. Espousing man's need to adapt to the world rather than flee, it must be an affirmative theme. Finally, Herzog seems to advise that man would adapt to the world rather than seek escape in vision of paradise and he also confirms that the human condition is not always hopeless. In the Swedish Academy presenting Bellow his Nobel Prize in Literature, he affirmatively expresses a man who keeps on trying to find a foothold during his wandering in a tottering world, one who can never relinquish his father that the value of life depends on its dignity, not its success, and that truth must triumph at last.