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Turbulent Gas Jet 내에서의 유화동광물 미립자의 연소
손홍용,서경원,한윤봉 한국화학공학회 1989 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.27 No.4
구리의 건식제련법에 널리 이용되는 flash smelting의 모사를 위하여 Outokumpu 공정에 사용되고 있는 것과 같은 축대칭성 관형모델에 관한 수치모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델에서는 미세고체입자가 포함되는 난류유동학(turbulent fluid dynamics) 현상, 반응공학적 현상, 열·물질·운동량 전달현상 및 열역학적 평형관계, 화학공학적 현상들을 포함시켰다. 모델의 적합성을 검토하기 위하여 실험실규모의 용융로를 제작하여 용융로 내의 가스온도, 고체입자 중황의 잔류량, SO₂ 농도 및 고체입자수 평균분포 등을 측정한 후 실험값들을 수치모델의 모사치와 비교 검토하였으며, Outokumpu Pilot 실험치에 대해서도 동일조건의 모사치와 비교 ·검토하였다. 또한 이 모델을 바탕으로 Outokumpu의 상용로에서 일어나는 현상을 모사하여 해석하였다. 전반적으로 모델에 의한 모사치와 실험치들을 비교한 결과, 본 연구실의 수치모델은 상대적으로 타당성이 있으며 믿을 만한 결과를 보였다. Fxperimental measurements and mathematical model predictions for the flash combustion of copper sulfide particles in a turbulent gas jet are described. A mathematical model has been developed to describe the process taking place in an axisymmetric flash-furnace shaft. The model incorporates turbulent fluid dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, and heat and mass transfer. The key features include the use of the k-ε turbulence model, incorporating the effect of particles on turbulence, and the four flux-model for radiative heat transfer. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory flash furnace. Gas temperature, sulfur content in the particles, SO₂ concentration in the gas phase, and particle dispersion during flash-smelting at different locations were measured for various matte grades. Reasonable agreement was obtained between the measured and predicted values. The predicted results are compared with experimental data obtained from Outokumpu pilot and comercial flash furnaces. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the predicted and measured data in terms of the gas-phase temperature and the SO₂ and O₂ concentrations along the centerline. The model predictions show that the reaction of sulfide particles is almost completed in the upper zone of the furnace within about 1 m of the burner and the double-entry burner system with radial feeding of the concentrate-laden distribution air gives better performance than the single-entry burner system.
Interphase Mass Transfer with Bulk Flow Normal to the Phase Boundary
손홍용,한길수 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.1
The effect of bulk flow normal to the interface on the interphase mass transfer rate is analyzed by using a convective mass transfer coefficient, and a method of deriving the correct choice of the reference mole fraction in the bulk flow term is developed. The effect of the bulk flow and the definition of the proper reference mole fraction have been derived based on diffusion in a binary gas mixture across the boundary layer and expanded to the system of an interfacial gas-solid reaction. The results show that the bulk flow effect together with the proper choice of the reference mole fraction in the bulk flow term is important in obtaining an accurate expression of interphase mass transfer rate. In an extreme situation, the bulk flow effect can cause mass transfer to occur in the direction of increasing concentration. The theoretical development is applied to the rate analysis of the hydrogen reduction of silica.
손홍용,원창환,백현덕 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1989 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.27 No.1
The distribution coefficients of zinc between copper and matte phases have been measured at 1400˚K and 1500˚K. In a copper-saturated Cu₂S-ZnS matte, the activity of ZnS follows Henrian behaviour only at extremely low range of ZnS concentration. In a dilute solution, activity of ZnS exhibits negative deviation from Raoult's Law. At 1500 ˚K activity of ZnS can be approximated by Temkin's model.
화학 및 야금공정에서 유고체간에 일어나는 비촉매적 반응의 속도론 : 1 . 단일비공질고체의 반응
손홍용 ( H . Y . Sohn ) 한국화학공학회 1976 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.14 No.1
Recent developments in the theory of the kinetics of non-catalytic fluid-solid reactions are reviewed. Until recently, the treatments of this important group of reactions have been in an embryonic stage. In the last few years, however, significant progresses have ken made in various aspects of fluid-solid reactions. In Part I, the reaction of an initially nonporous solid will be reviewed. Part II will discuss the reaction of an initially porous solid, and the reactions between two solids proceeding through gaseous intermediates will be described in Part III. Finally, the treatment of industrially important multiparticle systems will be presented in Part IV.
화학 및 야금공정에서 유고체간에 일어나는 비촉매적 반응의 속도론 : 3 . 기장의 매개체를 통하여 진행되는 고체간의 반응
손홍용 ( H . Y . Sohn ) 한국화학공학회 1976 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.14 No.3
The reactions between solids the rates of which are greatly enhanced by gaseous intermediates are described in this article. In recent years many important industrial processes have been developed and may be classified as one of the reactions of this type. Notable examples include the direct reduction of iron ores by carbon or coal as an alternative to the conventional blast furnace process. The formations of carbides are further examples. Recent developments on the mathematical analysis of this type of a system are discussed. In Part IV the treatment of multiparticle systems encountered in industrially important processes will be presented.
화학 및 야금공정에서 유고체간에 일어나는 비촉매적 반응의 속도론 : 2 단일다공질고체의 반응
손홍용 ( H . Y . Sohn ) 한국화학공학회 1976 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.14 No.2
As was seen in Part I, the treatment of the reaction of a nonporous solid particle is relatively straightforward. When the solid is initially porous, analysis becomes rather involved due to the fact that chemical reaction and diffusion occur in parallel. Only recently, some noteworthy developments and articles have been reported as the importance of this type of systems is being recognized more and more. In this Part II, recent advances on the reaction of a porous solid particle will be discussed. In the next two parts, we will describe the reactions between two solids proceeding through gaseous intermediates and the treatment of industrially important multiparticle systems.
화학 및 야금공정에서 유고체간에 일어나는 비촉매적 반응의 속도론 : Ⅳ . 다분체계의 설계와 분석
손홍용 ( H . Y . Sohn ) 한국화학공학회 1976 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.14 No.4
The design and analysis of a multiparticle fluid-solid reaction system is discussed. The types of contacting devices discussed are fixed beds, moving beds, fluidized beds, and continuously stirred tank reactors. The analysis, however, can be extended to other multiparticle systems. It is shown how the analysis of the reaction of individual solid particles discussed in the previous parts of this review forms the basis for analyzing a multiparticle system combined with the reactor configuration, fluid flow, and the rate of supply of the fluid reactant. Also in this article, a powerful mathematical technique called the $quot;population balance model$quot; for describing a reaction of a multisized particle system is introduced. It is believed that this recently developed technique will find many applications in the design and analysis of various chemical and extractive metallurgical processes involving particulate assemblages.