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입술 돌출을 동반한 골격성 II급 부정교합 환자에서 입술 반응을 고려한 치료계획 수립 및 안모 개선 치험례
서경현(Kyung-Hyun Seo),강병민(Byung-Min Kang),최성권(Sung-Kwon Choi),강경화(Kyung-Hwa Kang) 대한치과교정학회 2021 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.11 No.4
As interest in soft tissue esthetics increases, the soft tissue paradigm is becoming the mainstream. In the soft tissue paradigm, treatment planning for not only the hard tissue but also the soft tissue relationships through a thorough soft tissue analysis is essential. In particular, the lips are closely related to the position of the incisors. The causes of the incompetent and protruded lips, which are the main factors of unattractive appearance, vary but are mainly due to the protrusion of incisors. At this point, retraction of the incisors can be planned as a treatment. One of the factors that helps predicting the lip response during maxillary incisor retraction is ‘upper lip strain’ proposed by Holdaway. In this case of a skeletal class II malocclusion patient with lip protrusion and incompetent lips, the treatment plan was established by predicting the lip response that would occur during incisor retraction by considering the ‘upper lip strain’. With extraction and skeletal anchorage, improvement of the lip position was achieved as well we the chin advancement by counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. Based on this, a good occlusal relationship and esthetical facial appearance was obtained. However, the unpredictability and individual variability of soft tissues is the limitation in soft tissue analysis.
오서경,박재용,한창현,차병준 경산대학교 보건복지연구소 2000 保健福祉硏究 Vol.5 No.-
A survey was conducted to 252 owners of restaurants and taverns who, during the period of from Jan, 1 1998 to Sept.15 1998, were ordered by the authorities concerned to suspend their businesses due to the violations of relevant laws an regulations. Out of 252 questioned 195(77.4%) were those who completed the required orientation course for owners of the above businesses. It is found that the rate of completion of the course are higher among those who had been running the business for a longer period of time, and alwo among those who had bigger facilities. Asked how they found the current laws and regulations relevant to their businesses, 68.7% of the surveyed replied that the existing laws and regulations should be abided by while 26.6% wanted flexible application of the laws and regulations. Those who demanded complete revision of the laws and regulations were only 4.8% of the questioned. Restaurant owners marked the high rate of 71.3% in the support of the existing laws and regulations, while tavern owners' supporting figure was around 60%. Analyzing the owners of restaurants and taverns who were ordered to suspend their businesses due to their violations of the relevant laws and regulations, it was found that female owners, owners with higher ages, less educated owners and owners of taverns were more likely to violate regulations than the others. And the older establishments, the smaller in size of establishment, and establishments with lesser number of employees were also found to be more likely to make violations. The reasons for the suspension of businesses were as follows in its order of percentage; violation of business hours(37.7%), selling of alcohol to minors(13.9%), abnormal business activities(12.7%), indecent entertainment(10.3%), employment of under-aged waitresses(8.3%). Public prosecutor's office, police, municipal office and district office of a city are empowered to enforce the relevant laws and regulations on restaurants and taverns and to suspend businesses, 43.3% of all the suspension of businesses were made by district offices and 42.5% of them by police, 48.8% of the respondents showed their preference for district office to other law enforcing agencies. Next came municipal office with 29.4% followed by public prosecutor's office(25.0%) and police(21.8%). 77.0% of the questioned answered that they would rather have paid fine than having been suspended of businesses. And most of the owner of the suspended businesses replied that the duration of suspension of businesses must be shortened. Most of the owners of restaurants and taverns who had experienced suspension of businesses(94.0%) replied that they would close their businesses for good if their businesses were suspended again. Asked to make any proposal or suggestion, 67.1% of the surveyed wanted that when any violation were found by the law-enforcing agencies the owners of the businesses were given a chance to correct it before being booked for violation.
成大東,金奎喆,柳俊夏,徐敬賢,金良姬 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1990 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1
1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane과 carbene들과의 icosahedral carborane반응에 대한 반응성과 cage borane반응에 대한 메카니즘을 icosahedral skeleton 의 구조적 관점에서 연구하였다. 반응 생성물은 주로 B-inserted-o-carborane이였으며, B-inserted methyl-??-carborane과 di-,tri-o-carborane은 상대적으로 적게 생성되었다. B-inserted chloro-o-carborne과 carbene반응으로부터 carbone의 전자배열은 cage carborane의 구조변화에 따라 open-shell, lowest triplet 그리고 lowest closed-shell 전자배열이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. Reactivity for the reaction of icosahedral carborane, 1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane with various carbenes and the mechanism for the reaction of cage borane have been studied in view point of structure of icosahedral skeleton. From Friedel-Craft reaction, the reaction products were B-inserted-0-carborane mainly and B-inserted methyl-0-carborane and di-and tri-0-carborane were produced only a little. From the carbenic reaction with B-inserted chloro-0-carboranes the electronic configurations of carbenes were favored open-shell, lowest triplet, and lowest closed-shell electronic configurations along with the structure variation of cage carboranes.