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방열 한국스포츠산업경영학회 1998 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.3 No.2
현재까지 국내 체육계의 일반적인 현황은 정부와 재벌의 지원으로 경기력 향상만을 향해 경주해왔다. 그 결과 세계 10대 스포츠 강국으로 체육선진국에 진입한 것은 사실이다. 그러나 이러한 위상을 누리기도 전에 오늘날 우리의 현실은 크게 변하고 있다. 즉 한국체육의 위기상황이 우리 앞에 다가온 것이다. 그것은 정부가 그 동안 88서울올림픽 이후 점차적으로 체육정책을 축소시키는 것으로 일관해 온 것과 때를 같이하여 찾아온 IMF가 오늘의 국내 체육계를 더욱 크게 강타한 것이라 할 수 있다. 정부기구의 구조조정, 체육의 국고지원 축소, 재벌총수들의 스포츠단체장사임 그리고 기업의 잇달은 소속팀 해체는 엘리트 스포츠 뿐 아니라 사회체육, 학교체육, 군체육에 이르기까지 영향을 미치어 체육의 기층이 무너져 내리고 있고 이러한 도미노현상은 체육산업에 까지도 그 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 지금은 그 어느 때 보다도 체육인스스로 냉엄한 현실을 자각하고 재벌에 대한 의존도를 탈피하고 각 체육단체들이 유기적으로 결합하여 생산성 있는 경쟁력을 강화해야 하며 특히 학교체육의 정상화를 위해 한국체육의 뿌리를 다져야 할 시기라고 사료된다. Over the past decades great improvements have been made in the Korean sports with strong supports from the government and other sectors including business circles, so that we may now think that Korea ranks among the ten countries most advanced in the world in sport. However, we. Koreans engaging in the field of sports, have thus far focused our attention on some limited aspects of improvement such as the athletic recored. Before it enters further phases of development, the Korean sports has come to a crisis, with the Korean economy brought under the IMF's control. The IMF-controlled regime, associated with the government policy pursued since the 1998 Seoul Olympic Games to gradually reduce its support for sports, has dealt a hard blow to the Korean sports. The structural reform in the government organizations, the reduction in the government grants for sports, the resignations by business leaders as heads of sport associations, and the dissolution of sports teams held by companies have seriously affected not only the elite sports but also social, school and military sports threatening the collapse of foudations of Korean sports. Such a domino effect extends into the sports-bases industries. In this situation, the author, would suggest that we Korean sports people, facing up to the reality, should seek a new way of keeping the Korean sports. It is now the time for us to get out of our high dependence on the business circle, seek to get all sorts groups together more systematically towards improving their efficiency and competitiveness, and consolidate the foundation of Korean sports by normalising the physical education in school. In conclusion. I would like to suggest as follows: a) To restructure existing sports associations: b) To make sports programs more realistic: c) To establish a bureau exclusively reponsible for physical education within the Ministry of Education: d) To retain military sports teams: and. e) To step up government measures for supporting sports for all, based on the concept of social welfare.
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방열(Pang Yul) 한국스포츠교육학회 2003 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.10 No.3
우리나라의 엘리트체육(이하 전문체육)은 세계 10위권 수준임을 자랑하는 스포츠 강국이다. 물론 이러한 성과는 국가의 이미지 및 위상제고, 국민통합 및 자긍심 고취, 등을 위해 정부가 중점적으로 육성·지원정책을 펴온 결과라는 것을 부인할 수는 없다. 그러나 현실적으로 전문체육은 비정상적으로 발전해온 부분이 있다는 것 또한 부인할 수 없다. 즉 전문체육은 학교체육이나 사회체육과 연계되어 이루어져야 하는데 그 연결 고리가 연계되지 못하고 단절되어 있다는 점이다. 이러한 원인은 학교체육이나 사회체육이 추구하는 이상이나 목적이 전문체육의 그것과는 너무나도 극명한 차이를 보이고 있는데서 찾아 볼 수 있을 것이다. 특히 전문체육의 한 영역으로서 학원스포츠는 1964년 동경올림픽 이후 한국체육의 근간이 되어왔다. 그러나 이미 그때부터 진정한 아마추어리즘으로서의 학원스포츠는 그 모습을 스스로 포기한지 오래되었다. 국가의 근시안적인 현혹 정책과 각종 포상과 연금제 그리고 프로스포츠의 유혹에서 어린 학생선수들은 학생으로서의 자신의 위치를 잃었고, 지나치게 상업화되어 가는 경향이 두드러진 현상으로 나타나고 있기 때문이다. 학원스포츠의 이러한 문제의 원인과 해결책을 이제는 교육적인 관점에서 이해해야 할 필요가 있으며, 따라서 스포츠에서의 교육학적인 측면의 접근과 역할이 다양하게 이루어져야 할 것이다. 지금까지 스포츠교육학 연구는 대부분 학교체육에 집중되어왔으며 내면적으로도 체육교사와 학생간에 이루어지는 정과체육수업만에 집중되어 이루어짐으로써 학교체육의 한 단면만을 바라보는 경향이 많았다. 그러므로 타 학문분야에 비해 체육학의 전반적인 분야에서 다양하게 접근하지 못하고 있음을 인정해야 할 것이다. 전문체육은 크게 아마추어스포츠(이하 학원스포츠) 측면과 프로스포츠 측면으로 구분하고 학원스포츠는 전인교육차원에서, 프로스포츠는 직업적인 차원으로 이해할 필요가 있다. 따라서 전문체육은 학교체육과 사회체육의 근간을 바탕으로 이루어진다는 것을 전제할 때 그동안 소홀히 해왔던 전문체육의 스포츠교육학적인 접근이 활발히 이루어져야 미래지향적인 스포츠강국을 유지해 나갈 수 있을 것이다. It is true that this result might be largely ascribable to the Government, which has strenuously pursued various policy measures to support and promote this sector on a preferential basis, in an effort to enhance the national image and prestige and stimulate the integration and prides of the nation through elite sport. On the other hand, there is no denying that the development in the Korean elite sport has involved some abnormal aspects, e.g. the lack of its close linkage with general school sport and sport for all, which is normally thought to be essential to the development of elite sport. This may be due to the significant difference in the objectives pursued by Korean elite sport from the normal objectives of school sport and sport for all. Since the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, general school sport have been the backbone of Korean sports, as part of elite sport. This means that at the same time Korean school sport started to lose its original position, getting rapidly out of amateurism. The Governments short-sighted policies, including some luring incentives (e.g. rewards and annuities), and increasing temptations from professional sport, have driven young sport players at school out of their genuine position as students into severe commercialism. Now it appears to be desirable to look into these problems with school sport from the pedagogic point of view. Sport Pedagogic approaches will also be required for the solutions of these problems. It appears that studies in the sport pedagogy in Korea have thus far focused on limited areas of physical education for students, which may be represented largely by routine sports lessons carried out between teachers and students. As in other academic fields, the sport pedagogy would need to widen its study areas to cover overall aspects of education, based on more diversified approaches. It can be said that elite sport is composed of two broad components amateur sport (represented by school sport) and professional sport. The former should be understood from the viewpoint of education for the whole man, while the latter is based on professionalism. Given that elite sport should be based on school sport as well as sport for all. It is therefore suggested that mort active sport pedagogic approaches to elite sport should be made, if Korea is to continue to develop as a future-oriented strong sport country.
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자연과학편 : 농구에서 슛 지점에 따른 리바운드 볼의 낙하 지역 및 거리 분석
방열(YulPang) 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1
This research is intended to study how rebound balls tend to fall in basketball games, in terms of the frequencies at which rebounds could fall in different regions, with a view to helping basketball players with their efforts to maximize their rebound catches in games.In modern basketball, winning a game depends largely on how much more rebounds a team can catch than its opponent team. Therefore, it would be very useful for basketball players and coaches to know where rebound balls shot from different positions tend to fall more frequently or less, as the team could thereby have better chances to catch rebound balls in games. This is particularly important to Korean basketball teams which must often have games with foreign teams composed of players of much higher stature.For the purpose of this study, 65 players were selected from three different men`s basketball teams in Korea and the rebounds from their shots made from various different positions were analyzed.Each player made 100 shots each from 5 different positions which were located at five different directions(A, B, C, D, E) from the basket. As a result, a total of 32,500 shots were made by the 65 players and of these 15,274 shots rebounded and fell on various different areas(a, b, c, d). Major findings from the rebound tests are summarized as follows:1. The rebound balls shot from Direction A fell most frequently in Area d(44.8%) followed by Area a(24.7%).2. The rebound balls shot from Direction B fell most frequently in Area d(39.1%) followed by Area a(22.1%).3. The rebound balls shot from Direction C fell in each area at similar frequencies.4. The rebound balls shot from Direction D fell most frequently in Area a(41.6%) followed by Area d(22.7%).5. The rebound balls shot from Direction E fell most frequently in Area a(47.8%) followed by Area d(24.6%).6. A majority of rebound balls(81.8%) fell in the areas within 3.5m from the basket.7. Rebound balls tended to fall in the areas a(31.4%) and d(30.8%) more than any other areas.8. Rebound balls tended to fall more often in the areas close to the shooting points.9. Rebound balls tended to fall more often in the areas opposite to the shooting points.The above results showed that in most cases(except for shots from Direction C) rebound balls fall in a specific area much more frequently than other areas, depending on the shooting positions. It may, therefore, be possible for a basketball team to catch more rebound balls if it could locate its rebound catcher(s) in right positions for every shot, taking account of the relative probability that the rebound may fall in an area, as seen above.
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방열(Yul Pang),김종욱(Jong Wook Kim) 한국스포츠교육학회 2001 한국스포츠교육학회지 Vol.8 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 농구지도자의 지도행동을 체계적 관찰 분석에 의해 관찰·기록하여 지도대상별 농구지도자간 차이를 비교하는데 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 1999년 현재 고교, 대학, 프로농구팀에서 지도자 생활을 하고있는 지도자 중 1998년도 팀 성적이 우수한 종별 지도자 3명을 선정하였다. 본 연구에서 지도자의 지도행동에 대한 자료수집은 관찰도구의 신뢰도, 관찰 기록 방법, 관찰 도구의 난이도를 고려하여 Stewart(1980)가 개발한 코칭행동 관찰체계(CBORS)를 이용한 동간기록법으로 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 CBORS의 코칭행동 하위영역별로 총 발생빈도를 산출하여 분당비율로 환산한 후 하위영역별 분당비율과 백분율을 산출하였다. 이상과 같은 방법과 절차를 통하여 농구지도자의 지도 행동을 관찰 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지도대상별에 따라 농구지도자간의 훈련분위기 행동에는 차이가 있다. 둘째, 지도대상별에 따라 농구지도자간의 상호작용 행동에는 차이가 있다. 셋째, 지도대상별에 따라 농구지도자간의 코칭행동에는 차이가 있다. The purpose for the study was to explore and investigate the behavioral differences in coaching of basketball coaches. A systematic observation analysis were utilized to identify the coaching behavior differences. The objects of this study were three basketball coaches, each from high school, university and professional teams in 1999, having achieved excellent performance in 1998. The data concerning the coaching behaviors of the coaches were by "Interval Recording" based on Stewart`s CBORS(1980), taking into account the reliability and the degree of difficulty of the observation means and the methods of recording the observations. The analysis of the data relating to the coaching behaviors was done by "Interval Recording" in which coaching behaviors were observed and recorded alternately for five seconds each and then total time used for each of different behaviors and their frequencies were measured and analyzed. As a result of the analyses of collected data. The following conclusions were obtained. Firstly, there was a significant difference in rate of the climate by basketball coaches. Secondly, there was a significant difference in rate of the interaction by basketball coaches. Thirdly, there was a significant difference in rate of the coaching behavior by basketball coaches.
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