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방동식(Dong-Sig Bang),이윤철(Yun-Cheol Lee) 한국해사법학회 2007 해사법연구 Vol.19 No.2
우리나라 선원법에서는 선원재해보상의 실효성 확보를 위해 선박소유자에게 보험가입을 강제하고 있고, 이에 따라 선박소유자는 근재보험, 해운조합에서 실시하는 선원공제와 어선원 및 어선재해보상보험과 선주책임상호보험에 가입하고 있다. 그러나 보험 및 공제도 보통약관과 특별약관으로 나누어져 있기 때문에 선박소유자들의 보험가입선택에 따라 선원재해보상이 이루어지지 않을 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 피보험자가 선원이 아닌 선박소유자이므로 선원의 보험금 직접청구권이 제한되는 등 선원재해보상에 있어 미흡한 점이 많다. 이와 같은 제반 문제들은 근본적으로 선원에 대한 재해보상이 산재보험법과 같은 공적기관에 의한 사회보험방식이 아닌 공제나 보험종류에 따라 각각의 부보조건에 의해 이루어지고 있기 때문이다.<BR> 따라서 선원 및 그 가족의 생활안정 및 생존권확보를 위한 사회보장적 성격을 부과하기 위해서라도 선원재해보상제도를 산재보험법으로 편입하는 것이 바람직하다. 만일 산재보험법의 확대ㆍ개정으로 선원재해보상제도가 흡수되면 육상근로자와 해상근로자가 모두 통일된 법제도하에서 사회보장제도의 근간을 형성하는 사회보험인 산재보험법의 적용대상이 되고, 이에 따라 보상주체로서의 국가가 책임을 지게 되므로 선박소유자의 면책사항은 없어지고 보다 명확한 관리ㆍ감독을 통해 선원재해보상을 확보할 수 있다. It is a general principle to compensate the occupational accident in the accident compensation of employers under the jurisprudence of Seamen"s Accident Compensation System. On the other hand, even if seafarers are damaged by the reason of out-of-duty as well as on-the-duty which relates to the occupational accident due to the speciality of marine labor, the seafarers must be given compensation by the shipowner under the general conditions. Also, there is the legal system for the shipowner to compensate the seafarers on account of the missing of seafarers or their belongings.<BR> With regard to securing seafarers" accidents compensation, shipowners have secured their effectiveness by all kinds of mutual aid and insurance. However, the seafarers" accident compensation standards are below the accident compensation standards of land-based workers. That"s why the improvement of the seafarers" accident compensation system is necessary. Accordingly, I suggest the solution of the above mentioned problem as follows. Firstly, the so called Seafarer"s Accident Compensation Insurance Act to be developed as the law-making measure under the existing Industrial Accident Insurance Act in consideration of the speciality of seafarers. Secondly, the amendment of the Seafarer"s Insurance Act is necessary. Thirdly, the industrial accident compensation to be extensively applied together with the compensation system of the existing seafarer"s act and then the crew must be made as the object applicable to the industrial accident compensation. In conclusion, one of the best way to protect seafarers is the extensive application of the industrial accident compensation.
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색소성 피부질환에 대한 큐스위치 알렉산드라이트 레이저 치료직후의 조직, 면역조직화학, 전자현미경적 소견
김유찬 ( Kim Yu Chan ),강원형 ( Kang Won Hyeong ),방동식 ( Bang Dong Sig ),명나혜 ( Myeong Na Hye ),이정구 ( Lee Jeong Gu ) 대한피부과학회 2003 대한피부과학회지 Vol.41 No.8
N/A Background : There have been only a few electron microscopic studies after laser treatment of pigmented skin lesions. Objective : The purpose was to investigate the pathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic changes following Q-switched alexandrite laser treatment of pigmented skin lesions. Methods : Three patients with acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules, and 2 patients with cafe´au lait macule were irradiated with Q-switched alexandrite laser. Forty biopsies were taken before and immediately after laser treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin, Fontana-Masson, and gp100 staining were performed for the evaluation of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of the specimens. Electron microscopic findings were also evaluated. Results : Histopathologically, suprabasilar separations were observed immediately after laser treatment. Vacuolar alterations of pigment-containing cells were frequently found in the epidermis and/or in the dermis. Fontana-Masson and gp100 staining positivity changed to negative or decreased in the epidermis immediately after laser treatment, while they changed to negative in the dermis. Ultrastructurally, epidermal pigment-containing cells frequently showed severe vacuolar changes in the cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and vacuolated and/or fragmented melanosomes immediately after laser treatment. Dermal melanocytes frequently revealed vacuolated and/or fragmented melanosomes immediately after laser treatment. Conclusion : Histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic examination of pigmented skin lesions immediately after Q-switched alexandrite laser treatment demonstrated vacuolated or fragmented melanosomes and vacuolar alteration of pigment-containing cells in the epidermis and/or in the dermis, which suggested selective photothermolysis of melanosomes. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(8) : 1014~1021)
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