생명을 축복하고 돌보는 신앙 공동체로의 초대 (특집2)

박향숙 기독교대한성결교회 활천사 2024 활천 Vol.846 No.5

The Role of Forced Output and Working Memory Capacity in Vocabulary Acquisition

박향숙,최성묵 팬코리아영어교육학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.23 No.4

The study examined how two types of forced output methods (sentence generating and story writing) affect vocabulary acquisition of Korean EFL learners. To this end, 75 undergraduate students participated in the study who responded to a battery of tests (a pretest, immediate and delayed post-tests). Two major findings were observed. First, participants in the story writing condition consistently outperformed those in the other two conditions, although the mean differences among the groups did not reach statistical significance. This finding lends support to the theory of levels of processing (Craik & Lockhart, 1972). Second, unexpectedly, data analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between working memory and vocabulary acquisition. The findings have important bearings on Korean EFL pedagogy.

아동의 분노 체험분석

박향숙,박성희 한국초등상담교육학회 2008 초등상담연구 Vol.7 No.2

이 연구는 아동의 분노체험 속에 포함된 공통요인과 분노체험 과정에서 나타나는 심리적 과정을 찾아봄으로써 아동분노가 갖는 특성과 의미를 알아보고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 체험분석 방법을 적용하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 5학년 학생 8명이 체험연구의 공동연구자로 참여하였고, 6회기에 걸친 연구였다. 공동연구자들은 체험분석 방법에 대해 배웠고, 자신의 분노체험 내용을 분석지에 기록하였으며, 모두 34개의 체험분석지를 연구에 적용하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 아동들은 부당하다고 느낄 때 분노체험, 어이없음을 동시에 느꼈으며 이 느낌들은 자기중심적인 사고에서 비롯되었다. 분노상황들 속에서 아동들이 체험하는 공통요인에는 기분관련 요인, 욕구관련 요인, 신체감각 관련 요인이 혼재되어 나타났으며, 욕구관련 요인들은 기분, 신체감각 관련 요인들보다 더 강하게 지각하였다. 둘째, 아동들은 분노의 외적 표출 가능성에 따라 분노의 공격적 표출과 내적억제의 방법으로 분노를 처리하였다. 그러나 강한 분노표출 충동 때에는 인지적 판단과정을 거치지 못하고 폭발시키기도 하였다. 셋째, 아동이 분노를 느끼고 처리하는 심리적 과정은 상황인식 단계, 일차적 인지평가 단계, 분노 유발 단계, 이차적 인지평가 단계 또는 강한 분노표출 충동을 느끼는 단계, 분노처리 단계로 정리할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics or significances of anger in children by understanding the common factors observed in children's anger and the psychological process of children's anger, applying the experiential analysis method. In order to conduct the study, 8 elementary students in 5th grade participated in the experiential study as joint researchers. This study was conducted during 6 sessions. Joint researchers learned about the experiential analysis method and recorded what they had experienced at the stage of anger on their analysis sheets. 34 experiential analysis sheets were used for this study. The following provides a summary of the study results. Children were observed to perceive the factors representing desires more intensely than the factors indicating a mood or senses. Secondly, when they felt urge to express an extreme anger, they were just explored without the cognitive process of judgment. Thirdly, the processes that children feel and treat anger are "the stage of awareness of the situation," "the stage of initial cognitive evaluation," "the stage of induction of anger," "the stage of secondary cognitive evaluation or the stage of intensive drive of anger," and "the stage of anger management".

종이 납염의 균열에 관한 연구

박향숙 서울여자대학교 1988 서울여자대학논문집 Vol.17 No.-

‘신생 성인기’를 위한 기독교신앙교육

박향숙 한국기독교교육학회 2014 기독교교육논총 Vol.37 No.-

With changes of current social context, It has emerged a newadulthood that don’t choice the traditional social task as adult butconcentrate on exploration and experiment of themselves. Jeffrey J. Arnett named that ‘emerging adulthood’ that is neither ‘adolescence’ nor‘adulthood.’ ‘Emerging adulthood’ is a important period that a personbegins self-consciously to reflect on the meaning of life and creates anadult vision of faith. But in Korea, there is little research on ‘emergingadulthood’ in terms of new social context, either Christian education orin other fields. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present Christian faitheducation for ‘emerging adulthood’. This presentation is based on theresearches of Arnett, Christian Smith and Patricia Snell, and Sharon D. Parks. Three types of Christian faith education are as follows. First, It is Christian faith education of guiding the journey forvocation exploration. Identity, dreams, purpose, and meaning of life inthe ‘emerging adulthood’ are revised as ‘vocation’ through the relationwith God. ‘Journey’ is the metaphor that means emerging adult’svocation exploration in relational with God, not a result but a process,not one-time but steady development. Second, It is Christian faith education of helping the interpretation ofthe narrative valley for their own faith. ‘Emerging adults’ have madetheir own narrative from diverse cultures. The ‘valley’ is the metaphorfor life context that an ‘emerging adult’ is complex and confused andtwisted by experience of hope and failure. They need someone matureand a critical dialogue with them for auto-biographical, existential,evangelical narrative. Third, It is Christian faith education of helping them experience aChristian faith community as a ‘Home of God.’ ‘Home of God’ is themetaphor for a community that hugs emerging adults feeling lost, getsvarious subjects to inter-relationally know God in the various andcomplex context, and overcomes the institutional and physical shortcomingsof traditional churches. An ‘Emerging adult’ requires the experience ofwaiting and hope in the sanctuary of a community, the experience ofgoing with others in an inter-relational learning community and theexperience of living together with others in a multi-network community. 현대 사회의 변화와 함께, 전통적인 성인기의 과업으로 간주되던 사회적 과제들을 선택하지 않고 자신을 탐색하고 실험하는 데에 더 열중하는 ‘청소년기’도 ‘성인기’도 아닌 새로운 성인기가 등장하게 되었다. 아넷은 이들을 ‘신생 성인기(emerging adulthood)’라고 명명하였다. 신생 성인기는 삶의 의미를 자기 의식적으로 성찰하면서 성인기의 신앙적 시각이 탄생되는 중요한 시기이다. 그러나 한국에서 직접적으로 신생 성인기를 거론한 기독교교육학 연구는 시도되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문은 ‘신생 성인’을 위한 기독교신앙교육의 방향을 제안하는 것을 목적으로한다. 본 논문의 제안은 아넷, 스미스와 스넬, 팍스가 연구한 신생 성인의 신앙적 맥락을기초로 하였다. 본 논문이 제안하는 ‘신생 성인기’를 위한 세 가지 기독교신앙교육은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소명의 탐색 여행을 안내하는 교육이다. ‘신생 성인기’의 정체성, 꿈, 목적, 그리고삶의 의미는 하나님과의 관계를 통한 ‘소명’으로 재해석된다. ‘여행’은 ‘신생 성인’이 탐색하는 소명이 하나님과의 관계를 통한 자기 인식에서 출발하는 것이고, 과업적인 결과가 아닌과정적인 것이며, 단회적이 아닌 지속적인 발달을 겪는 것임을 의미하는 메타포이다. 둘째, 자신만의 개인적인 신앙 내러티브의 계곡을 재해석할 수 있도록 돕는 교육이다. ‘신생 성인’은 다양한 문화적 맥락 속에서 구성한 자신만의 개인적인 신앙 내러티브를 갖고 있다. ‘계곡’은 희망과 절망, 성공과 실패를 포함한 혼란스럽고 복잡한 ‘신생 성인’의삶의 맥락을 드러내기 위한 메타포이다. 이들에겐 성숙한 신앙을 가진 성인 타자들과의성찰적인 대화를 통해 자전적이고 실존적이고 복음적인 신앙 내러티브를 생성해내고 해석하도록 돕는 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 하나님의 집의 품에 안기는 신앙경험을 제공하는 교육이다. ‘하나님의 집’은 집없이 길을 잃고 살아가는 ‘신생 성인’이 돌아가 안길 공동체, 다양하고 복잡한 맥락 속에서 다양한 주체들이 상호관계적으로 하나님을 알아가는 공동체, 제도적이고 물리적인 공간으로서의 기존의 교회의 한계를 넘어서는 공동체를 의미한다. ‘신생 성인’에게는 안식공동체를 통한 기다림과 희망, 상호관계적인 배움 공동체를 통한 동행, 다층적인 네트워크공동체를 통한 공존의 신앙경험이 제공되어야 한다.

치과위생사가 지각하는 임파워먼트와 직무만족에 관한 연구

박향숙,최미혜 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2003 중앙간호논문집 Vol.7 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide data for the development of hospitals by setting a goal of dental hygienists' personal job development decreasing their turnover, and enhancing their business efficiency and quality, via understanding the relationship between the perceptual level of empowerment and the degree of job satisfaction as perceived by a dental hygienist. Participants for this study were 260 dental hygienists randomly sampled from 4 general ·university hospitals, 13 dental hospitals·co-opening clinics, 40 dental offices, and 1 company dispensary in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon areas. Of participants, 223 available responses were collected through a questionnaire survey conducted for three weeks from March 13 to April 1, 2003. For study tools, the investigator used Chandler's (1986) measurement of empowerment perception, related to business efficiency, developed on the basis of Kanter's (1977) organizational theory. And in order to measure the degree of job satisfaction the investigator also developed a measuring tool by modifying S. S. Lee's (1995) scheme of measurement which had been developed by modifying Slavitt and three others'(1978) the Index of Work Satisfaction translated by S. J. Lee in 1984, while adjusting it to actual conditions. The questionnaire contained 74 questions: 14 items for the demographical features; 26 items for the empowerment; and 34 items for the job satisfaction. Reliability verification was appeared as Cronbach's α= 0.89 and job satisfaction as Cronbach's α= 0.94. To analyze data, the investigator used SPSS Win 10.0 program as well as technological statistics, t-test ANOVA Pearson's Correlation Coefficient Study findings are as follows: 1. The average empowerment level perceived by a dental hygienist was 3.30 (full score =5.0). 'Support' was highest (3.51), and followed by 'opportunity'(3.30), 'resources'(3.21), and 'information'(3.18) in order. 2. The average job satisfaction of a dental hygienist was 3.04 (full score = 5.0), showing relatively higher job satisfaction. The highest was 'human relations' (3.46) and the next were 'occupational pride' (3.08), 'working condition'(3.05), 'self-regulation' (2.93) and 'salary'(2.69) in order. 3. As for the empowerment level perceived by a dental hygienist according to the demographical feature, the married dental hygienist revealed higher empowerment than the unmarried, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.33, p<.05). And dental hygienists who It were employed in dental hospitals·co-opening clinics were highest in the level of empowerment, and followed them by dental hygienists who were working in dental offices, general·university hospitals, and a company dispensary in order, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.31, p<.05). Classifying it by educational levels, dental hygienists who were attending or attended in a higher educational program than a graduate school were highest, and followed them by dental hygienists who held a 4-year college diploma, 2-year college diploma, others, and the certificate of Medical Technology Institute in order, and the difference was statistically significant (F=3.63, p<.05). Dental hygienists whose position was higher than a team leader or a department chief were higher in the level of empowerment than staff hygienists, and it was statistically significant (F=8.50, p<.05). And the empowerment level of those whose office going and leaving hour was less than 30 minutes and 30~60 minutes was higher than that of those whose was more than 90 minutes. And the difference was statistically significant(F=3.61, p<.05). 4. Examining the job satisfaction according to the demographical feature, the married dental hygienist were higher than the unmarried in the job satisfaction and the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.23, p<.05). Dental hygienists whose position was higher than a team leader or a department chief were higher than staff hygienists in the job satisfaction and it was statistically significant (F=3.73, p<.05). 5. Looking into the relationship between the empowerment and the job satisfaction there was a significant correlation (F.623, p<.01). The higher the empowerment level, as perceived by a dental hygienist the higher the job satisfaction. Examining the correlation between the empowerment and the job satisfaction, there was a statistically significant net correlation with self-regulation (r=.582, p<.01), human relations (r=.536, p<.01), working condition (r=.532, p<.01), occupational pride (r=.455, p<.01), and salary (r=.403, p<.01) in order.

고향

박향숙 서울여자대학교 조형연구소 2005 조형연구 Vol.11 No.-

딩동, 샘톡 왔어요

박향숙,최미영,김영은 샘터사 2020 월간 샘터 Vol.608 No.-

호박보다 탐스런 엄마의 말들

박향숙 샘터사 2019 월간 샘터 Vol.598 No.-

화학적 침전법으로 제조된 BaTiO_(3) 소결 온도에 따른 PTC 특성

박향숙,최승평 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1994 生産技術硏究 Vol.16 No.2

Highly pure barium titanate powders have been obtained by the pyrolysis of barium titanyl oxalate. Barium titanate powders under different calcination condition were cold-pressed into discs 10 mm and 1mm thick using a stainless steel die. A fabrication pressure of 24000 p.s.i. (16.53 Nmm^(-2)) maintained in all formings. The compacts were sintered in air at 800, 900, and 1200℃ for 2 hr in a silicon tube furnace with SiC heating elements. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction pattern, it was found the samples have a tetragonal structure whose lattice parameters a_(0) and c_(0) were 3.9962 and 4.0138Å respectively. The effective resistivity of each sample was measured as a function of temperature. It was found that their PTCR effects near the Curie point incressed with rising temperature. The above measured temperature dependence of the effective resistivity agree with the theory that conductivity decreases propotional to the exponential T at temperature below the Curie temperature.