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동남제도개척사 김옥균의 울릉도 목재 반출과 채무 상환을 둘러싼 조일 교섭
박한민(Park Hanmin) 동북아역사재단 2021 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.73
1883년 4월 김옥균은 동남제도개척사에 임명되었다. 그는 울릉도의 풍부한 목재를 반출하여 판매할 목적으로 일본에 건너가 선박과 인부를 고용하였다. 백춘배와 가이 군지는 울릉도와 바칸, 고베, 도쿄 등지를 오가면서 벌목작업을 할 인부와 선박의 고용 계약을 체결하고, 개척사를 대리하여 울릉도 목재의 반출과 관련된 업무를 처리하였다. 울릉도에 왕복한 고용 선박은 초호마루, 모료마루, 이세마루, 반리마루였다. 갑신정변 발발 이후, 벌목 작업에 종사한 일본인 인부들이 인건비 상환을 요구하면서 조선과 일본 정부는 협상에 나섰다. 장시간 동안 난항을 거듭하던 양국의 교섭 국면을 타결하기 위해 정병하가 나섰다. 그는 외아문 참의로서 일본공사와 협상하여 금전 상환 문제를 해결하였다. 개척사 수행원 가운데 김우성과 양재문은 시마네현에 표착하기도 하였다. 김우성은 휴대하고 있던 총기를 담보물로 맡기고 일본 현지에서 사용할 자금을 현지인에게 빌렸다. 연락이 끊어지고 돈을 갚지 않자, 외무성은 원산영사관을 경유하여 조선 지방관청으로 김우성의 신원조회를 하였으나, 소재 파악에는 실패하였다. 일본측은 총기를 신고자 소유로 간주하고 「총포단속규칙」에 따라 처분하기로 하였다. 울릉도 목재를 적재한 선박이 고베항에 도착한 이후 소유권을 두고 소송이 벌어졌다. 당시 일본신문은 소송을 상세히 보도하였다. 울릉도장 전석규가 일본인에게 발급한 전령서의 효력이 핵심 쟁점이었다. 일본인 업자들은 울릉도장의 발급한 문서를 소지한 자신들에게 목재 소유권이 있다고 주장하였다. 판사는 울릉도가 조선 소속임은 분명하나, 제출 증거물만으로 원고의 소유권을 입증하기에는 증거가 부족하다며 원고 패소 판결을 내렸다. 가이 군지도 비용 정산을 조선정부에 요청하였다. 그는 도쿄에 체류하던 외아문 주사 이원긍과 만나기도 했고, 도한 후에는 외아문에 찾아가 개척사 관련 금액의 변제를 촉구하였다. 1889년 12월, 동남제도개척사 업무와 관련하여 발생한 비용 정산과 관련 증빙서류의 반환은 완료되었다. 조선정부는 더 이상 개척사와 관련된 비용 청구를 받지 않겠다는 의사를 공문으로 일본 측에 전달하였다. In April 1883, Kim Ok-kyun(金玉均) was appointed as the development commissioner for the Southeastern Islands(東南諸島開拓使). He went to Japan to hire ships and workers for the purpose of transporting and selling abundant wood from Ulleung Island. Baek Chun-bae(白春培) and Gai Gun-ji(甲斐軍治) were in charge of the actual affairs on behalf of Kim Ok-kyun. They signed contracts with workers and ships that would log while coming and going Ulleung Island, Kobe and Tokyo, and handled the transportation wood from Ulleung Island on behalf of the development commissioner. The round-trip employment vessels to Ulleung Island were Chohomaru, Moryomaru, Isemaru, and Banlimaru. After the outbreak of the Gapsin Coup in 1884, the Joseon and Japanese governments began negotiations as Japanese workers engaged in logging demanded the repayment of labor costs. Jung Byung-ha stepped up to settle the negotiations between the two countries, which had been struggling for a long time. As an official of the Foreign Office, Jung negotiated with the Japanese minister to resolve the issue of money repayments. Kim Woo-sung and Yang Jae-moon were among the entourage of the development commissioner who arrived in Shimane Prefecture. Kim left his gun as collateral and borrowed money from locals for use in Japan. When the contact was lost and the money was not paid back, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan conducted a background check on Kim Woo-sung through the Wonsan Consulate, but failed to locate him. The Japanese government considered guns owned by the reporter and decided to dispose of them in accordance with the gun control rules. A lawsuit took place over ownership after a ship loaded with Ulleung Island wood arrived at Kobe Port. The Japanese newspaper reported the lawsuit in detail at the time. Japanese workers claimed that they had the right to own woods for those who had documents issued by the Ulleung Island official. The judge ruled in favor of the plaintiff, saying, “It is clear that Ulleung Island belongs to Joseon, but there is not enough evidence to prove the ownership of the plaintiff by the evidence submitted only.” Gai also asked the Joseon government to settle the cost. He also contacted Lee Won-gung(李源兢), the official of the Foreign Office in Tokyo, and after he moved to Joseon, he visited the Foreign Office to urge him to reimburse the amount related to the development commissioner. In December 1889, the settlement of expenses incurred in connection with the work of the development commissioner for the Southeastern Islands and the return of related documentary evidence were completed. The Joseon government officially informed Japan that it would no longer accept expenses related to the development commissioner.
박한민(PARK Hanmin) 대한의사학회 2020 醫史學 Vol.29 No.1
In 1886, cholera was prevalent nationwide in Joseon. This year was not yet the time when the Joseon government officially overhauled quarantine rules to go into effect. Thus, quarantine efforts to prevent cholera varied depending on each of the three opening ports in the Joseon Dynasty. In Wonsan, officials of the three countries(Joseon, Japan and Qing) discussed ways to deal with cholera, and quarantine activities were carried out smoothly. On the other hand, Busan underwent friction and conflict between the parties over the implementation of quarantine rules within the region. When the Japanese consulate said that it would establish quarantine rules first and implement them, officials from various countries, including the Joseon Dynasty, strongly protested against the movement, saying that they did not reach prior consent. On top of that, economic interests were also affecting circumstances of port trade. In Incheon, there were differences between the home country and the local consulate over the urgent issue to be dealt with locally and the legal principles of applying the treaty. Since consular officials were not authorized to establish quarantine rules, the situation was settled into cancellation of the rules already issued there. The Japanese consul working at each port in the Joseon Dynasty suggested specific rules to develop quarantine activities. At this point, we can read Japan’s intention to preempt the standard of future quarantine inspections. The enforcement of quarantine rules, however, was a matter that required consent from the Joseon official Gamri, the Acting Commissioner of the Joseon Maritime Customs and diplomats from each country. Furthermore, they had to go through the process of obtaining review and approval from their home countries if there were any problems in the operation of the treaty. The establishment and implementation of quarantine rules were complicated by interests of various players in each country concerning protection of their own citizens. Even though it was timely and the purpose of implementation was good, it could not follow through the quarantine rules as proposed by the Japanese consul at the opening port. The accumulation of quarantine experience and information at each port of Joseon in 1886 provided the foundation for the Joseon government to move toward to establish quarantine rules and implement them with the consent of each country in the following year.
유한요소법을 이용한 type 4 수소저장용기용 고정 장치의 구조적 안전성 분석에 관한 연구
김건우(GUNWOO KIM),김혜원(HYEWON KIM),박한민(HANMIN PARK),이정호(JEONGHO LEE),유수진(SUJIN YOON),이한수(HANSU LEE),김종열(JOUNGLYUL KIM),이석진(SEOKJIN LEE),유계형(GYEHYOUNG YOO),윤영길(YOUNGGIL YOUN),김한상(HANSANG KIM) 한국수소및신에너지학회 2024 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.35 No.2
The study involves a finite element analysis to evaluate the structural integrity of the neck mount block for a type 4 hydrogen storage vessel, with the aim of enhancing its strength and rigidity. The existing neck mount block consists of a fixed part and a sliding part, each comprising a body block for load support, a screw part for neck boss fixation, and bolts. To analyze the vulnerabilities of the neck mount block under bolt fastening and load conditions relative to vehicle travel directions, a structural analysis process was developed. Comparative analysis between the enhanced design and the existing model was performed, resulting in improved strength and rigidity. The objective is to provide guidance for the current product development and to offer fundamental data for the design and structural analysis of future development projects.