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칠라칼라 라마크리시나,문현정,이환,이동성,정선희,Ramakrishna Chilakala,Hyeon Jeong Moon,Hwan Lee,Dong-Sung Lee,Sun Hee Cheong The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2023 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.38 No.6
녹용은 수많은 연구에서 면역력 강화를 포함한 영양 및 의학적 가치를 입증하였으며 전통적인 약으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 녹용 추출물 (sample 1: 생녹용 추출물, sample 2: 건녹용 추출물, sample 3: 동결 건조 추추물)의 일반성분과 우론산, 황산화 글리코사미노글리칸, 시알릭산, 콜라겐을 포함한 유효성분을 조사하고, 액체 크로마토그래피quadrupole-time-of-light mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS)를 사용하여 녹용 추출물의 화학 성분을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 또한, HT22 해마 세포, BV2 미세아교세포, RAW264.7 대식세포 및 HaCaT 케라틴 세포를 사용하여 MTT 분석을 통해 녹용 추출물의 세포 독성 효과 평가와 암컷과 수컷 ICR 마우스에 녹용 추출물을 각각 (0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) 경구투여 하여 급성 독성평가를 실시하였다. 투여후에는 OECD 가이드라인에 따라 마우스의 일반독성, 생존율, 체중 변화, 사망률, 임상 징후 및 부검 결과를 관찰하였다. 결과적으로 녹용 추출물은 HaCaT 케라틴 세포에서 세포 독성 효과가 없었으며, 건녹용 추출물에서는 HT22 해마 세포에서 500 ㎍/mL, RAW264.7 대식세포의 경우 1000 ㎍/mL 에서, 동결건조추출물에서는 RAW264.7 세포와 BV2 미세아교세포의 경우 500 ㎍/mL 및 1000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 세포 독성을 가지고 있음을 보였다. 그러나 마우스를 이용한 급성 독성 평가에서는 녹용 추출물 시료를 처리한 모든 마우스에서 사망률, 임상 징후 및 부검 결과 특이사항이 없었으며 이는 LD50이 2000 mg/kg 이상으로 사료된다. 그러나 인간에 대한 안전성에 대한 충분한 증거를 확보하기 위해서는 동물과 사람에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. Velvet antler is widely used as a traditional medicine, and numerous studies have demonstrated its tremendous nutritional and medicinal values including immunity-enhancing effects. This study aimed to investigate different deer velvet extracts (Sample 1: raw extract, Sample 2: dried extract, and Sample 3: freeze-dried extract) for proximate composition, uronic acid, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, sialic acid, collagen levels, and chemical components using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-light mass spectrometry. In addition, we evaluated the cytotoxic effect of the deer velvet extracts on BV2 microglia, HT22 hippocampal cells, HaCaT keratinocytes, and RAW264.7 macrophages using the cell viability MTT assay. Furthermore, we evaluated acute toxicity of the deer velvet extracts at different doses (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg) administered orally to both male and female ICR mice for 14 d (five mice per group). After treatment, we evaluated general toxicity, survival rate, body weight changes, mortality, clinical signs, and necropsy findings in the experimental mice based on OECD guidelines. The results suggested that in vitro treatment with the evaluated extracts had no cytotoxic effect in HaCaT keratinocytes cells, whereas Sample-2 had a cytotoxic effect at 500 and 1000 ㎍/mL on HT22 hippocampal cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Sample 3 was also cytotoxic at concentrations of 500 and 1000 ㎍/mL to RAW264.7 and BV2 microglial cells. However, the mice treated in vivo with the velvet extracts at doses of 500-2000 mg/kg BW showed no clinical signs, mortality, or necropsy findings, indicating that the LD50 is higher than this dosage. These findings indicate that there were no toxicological abnormalities connected with the deer velvet extract treatment in mice. However, further human and animal studies are needed before sufficient safety information is available to justify its use in humans.
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건조방법에 따른 국산 녹용 추출물의 함유성분 및 신경염증억제효과 비교분석
이환(Hwan Lee),문현정(Hyeon Jeong Moon),정선희(Sun Hee Cheong),이동성(Dong-Sung Lee) 한국생약학회 2023 생약학회지 Vol.54 No.4
In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the composition and biological activity of extracts from Korean deer antlers based on three drying methods (crude antlers, dried antlers, and freeze-dried antlers). In the general composition analysis, crude antlers showed the highest levels of ash and crude fat. Dried antlers exhibited the highest moisture and crude protein content. In fatty acid composition analysis, crude antlers displayed the highest Monounsaturated Fatty Acid (MUFA), while freeze-dried antlers showed the highest levels of Saturated Fatty Acid (SFA) and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA). Amino acid analysis revealed that dried antlers had the highest total amino acid content, with a notable abundance of glycine. Additionally, freeze-dried antlers exhibited higher levels of uronic acid and sulfated-GAGs compared to other antlers, and crude antlers had the highest concentrations of sialic acid and collagen, respectively. Quantitative analysis using LC-QTOF-MS/MS confirmed the presence of 1.8598 (± 0.0572) ng/mg of sialic acid in crude antler extracts. Subsequently, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the three types of antler extracts were compared in LPS-induced BV2 cells. Results showed that all antler extracts suppressed the expression of iNOS, inhibiting the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 at similar levels in BV2 cells. In conclusion, significant differences in composition were observed among antler extracts depending on the drying method. However, all antler extracts demonstrated excellent anti-neuroinflammatory efficacy without significant differences based on the drying method. These findings suggest the potential for effective modulation of composition in Korean deer antlers, a commonly used herbal medicine in Korea, based on different extraction methods.
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정철호,문현정,옥수호,우용태 國立 昌原大學校 情報通信硏究所 1997 精報通信論文集 Vol.1 No.-
Aggregate functions are used to make queries simple, remove unnecessary operations and improve the overall performance in the traditional relational database systems. In this paper, temporal aggregate functions are proposed. Temporal aggregate function is implemented by function definition clause and aggregate function definition clause on POSTGRES V4.2. For the temporal aggregate functions under POSTGRES, the low level of temporal operators for extended temporal data types that INSTANT, SPAN and INTERVAL are implemented. In addition, the aggregate functions for INTERVAL, count, sum, average, min, max, earliest and latest, are implemented ; and for INSTANT, count, earliest and latest are implemented ; and for SPAN, count, sum, average, min, max functions are implemented. Moreover, various kinds of typical query languages for temporal aggregate functions are presented, and simulation of these temporal aggregate functions shows their effectiveness.
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문현정,우용태,옥수호 國立 昌原大學校 情報通信硏究所 1997 精報通信論文集 Vol.1 No.-
All the data in the real world have time-varying aspects which are difficult to include in traditional databases that only maintain the data at current time. To solve this problem, temporal databases have been studied by many researchers for two decades. In this paper we present a new bitemporal data model where its bitemporal algebra is adequate to NF²such as extensible relational and object-oriented databases. In this model, transaction and valid time is incorporated to maintain the history of event occurrences such as the data and the valid data history in the real world. Bitemporal objects of this model consist of generic objects with implicit transaction time and historical objects with implicit transaction time and explicit valid time.
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