저온처리한 벼 유식물의 아미노산 구성의 변화

문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),홍영남(Young Nam Hong),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1989 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.32 No.4

The contents and the compositions of total free amino acids were investigated in the rice(Oryza sativa L. cv. Chucheong) seedlings under low temperatures. Activitiess of some enzymes associated with the markedly changed amino acid content were also investigated. Under low temperature, the contents of soluble protein and the total free amino acids increased, while the content of total nitrogen decreased. Althoughh asparagine+glycine were the most abundant amino acid species in the rice seedlings at the control temperature, low temperature treatment for 3days brought about the decrease in their amount to about 60% level of the control plants. On the other hand, alanine showed the highest increase in the content among all the free amino acids, though glutamine, proline, aspartic acid, valine and tyrosine also incresased after low temperature treatment. To elucidate the decrease of asparagine_glycine level under low temperature, the activities of asparagine aminotransferase and asparaginase which metabolize asparagine were investigated in the rice seedlings under low temperature. The activity of asparaginase increased markedly, while that of asparagine aminotransferase decreased under low temperatures. Therefore, it was suggested that asparaginase metabolizes asparagine predominatly in the rice seedlings under low temperatures.

Dimethipin 의 양파 표피세포의 Osmotic Ground Value 및 Passive Permeability 에 미치는 영향

문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.2

The efffects of the defoliant and desicant dimethipin(2,3-dihydro-5, 6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin-1,1,4,4-tetraoxide) on the passive permeability and osmotic ground value of onion(Allium cepa L.) epidermal cells were investigated by plasmometric method. The osmotic ground value and the water permeability of onion epidermal cells were decreased by 9.8% and 41.2%, repsectively, and the passive permeabilities of nonelectrolytes-urea, methylurea, ethylurea and malonamide-were also decreased by the range of 15.7%∼57.8% after treatment with 10^-3 M dimethipin. After treatment with 10^-4 M dimethipin, the osmotic ground value and the solute permeability of onion epidermal cells were also decreased by 3.7% and 24.5%∼48.8%, respectively, but the water permeability of onion epidermal cells was increased by 8.3%. It was suggested that dimethipin treatment modified the cell membrane of onion epidermis.

광 (光) 및 저온처리한 벼잎 절펀에서 (切片) 분리한 엽록체의 전자전달 활성

문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),박민철(Min Chul Park),권영명(Young Myung Kwon) 한국식물학회 1988 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.31 No.4

The electron transport activities of chloroplasts isolated from the detached rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Chucheong) leaves stored under low temperature(4℃) with light illumination were investigated to understand the role of light in the low temperature inhibition of photosynthesis in the chilling-sensitive plants. Chlorophyll content of the detached leaves upon incubation at 28℃ and 4℃ in the dark was also measured. The rice seedlings were grown with Hoagland medium in the growth chamber of 28℃ temperature and 400 ft·c fluorescent light with the photoperiod of 16 h. Although chlorophyll content of the detached leaves stored in the dark dadclined by 61.7% after 28℃ treatment, there occured only 5.2% decrease of chlorophyll with 4℃ treatment. Low temperature treatment(4℃) for 6 days brought about decreases in total photosystem(PS Ⅱ+PS Ⅰ) activities by 35.2% and 73.6% in the presence and absence of light, respectively, while after 28℃ treatment of the detached leaves for 6 days in the dark there was only 27.6% decrease in PS Ⅱ+PS Ⅰ activity. PS Ⅱ activities were also decreased by 35.6% and 72.2% in the light and dark, respectively. PS Ⅰ activities were decreased slightly, however, by 7.6% and 16.2% in the light and dark, respectively. Investigations into DPC→DCPIP and NH_2OH→DCPIP activities revealed that low temperature inhibition of PS Ⅱ activities was not due to the inactivation of the water oxidation capacity at low temperature. It was concluded that light protects the electron transport activities of isolated rice chloroplasts from the inhibitory effect of low temperature in the detached leaves.

딸기 재배용 2단 베드 시스템에서 휴작기 이용 방울토마토 재배 시 정식 시기에 따른 생육과 생산성 분석

최효길(Hyo Gil Choi),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),고대환(Dae Whan Ko),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),이재한(Jae Han Lee),박경섭(Kyoung Sub Park) 한국원예학회 2016 원예과학기술지 Vol.34 No.2

본 실험은 딸기 재배 후 휴작기에 후작물로 방울토마토 ‘루비’의 정식시기에 따른 생산성을 결정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 방울토마토는 딸기 전용상토로 충진된 2단 고설 벤치에 2015년 4월 20일, 4월 30일 그리고 5월 10일에 정식되었다. 과일의 수확조사는 7월 31일까지 이루어졌다. 양액농도는 정식초기에 EC 1.2dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP>로 시작하여 점진적으로 농도를 높여 1화방 개화 후에는 EC 2.5dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP>로 공급하였다. 네덜란드의 PBG 양액을 이용하여 공급주기를 하루에 1분 6회로 공급하였다. 정식시기에 따른 방울토마토의 식물체 길이생장은 상단에 비하여 하단에 정식한 것이 유의하게 컸었으며, 일찍 정식한 것이 늦게 정식한 식물체 보다 길이생장이 컸다. 과일의 생산량은 4월 20일 하단베드에 정식한 방울토마토의 식물체당 평균 수확량이 2,954g으로 가장 높았다. 정식 시기나 베드 위치에 따른 과일의 평균무게나 과일의 당도에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 방울토마토의 총 생산량은 4월 20일에 정식한 것이 4월 30일과 5월 10일에 정식한 방울토마토에 비하여 각각 18%와 34%로 높았다. 우리는 방울토마토를 일찍 정식하였을 때, 생산량이 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 농민들에게 2단 베드에서 딸기 후작물로 방울토마토의 재배 기간을 선택하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 판단된다 . This study was conducted to determine the yield of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) grown at three planting times during the uncultivated period of strawberry. Cherry tomato was planted under condition filled with strawberry dedicated culture medium on a two-story bed with April 20, April 30, and May 10 at 2015. Fruit harvest was completed on July 31. The supply concentration of nutrient solution at the time of transplanting was started as EC 1.2 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> and it was gradually increased to EC 2.5 dS·m<SUP>-1</SUP> after blooming of the first flower cluster. Netherlands PBG solution was supplied for one minute six times per day. The heights of cherry tomato plants planted at earlier were significantly greater than those of tomato plants planted later. The heights of cherry tomato plants grown at the bottom of the bed were greater than those grown in the upper bed. The yield of cherry tomatoes planted on April 20 at the bottom of the bed was greatest with an average of 2,954 g of tomatoes per plant. There were no significant differences in the average weight and sugar content of fruit according to planting times and bed position. The yield of cherry tomato plants planted on April 20 was 18% and 34% higher than that of plants planted on April 30 and May 10. We confirmed to increase the yield of the cherry tomato when early plants planted on two-story bed. These results indicate that farmers can choose the best period of producing cherry tomato during the un-cultivated period of strawberry under two-story bed conditions.

저온처리한 오이의 자엽에서 광합성 활성의 광의존성 저해

전현식(Hyun Sik Chun),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),이춘환(Choon Hwan Lee),정익교(Ik Kyo Chung),박인호(In Ho Park),이진범(Chin Bum Lee) 한국식물학회 1993 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.36 No.2

The photosynthetic activities in relation to oxygen evolution rates, quantum yield, Co_2 uptake rates and room temperature chlorophyll fluorescence were investigated in cotyledons of cucumber seedlings exposed to low temperature(at 4℃) for 24 h. Light-chilling caused more inhibition on light-saturated maximum oxygen evolution rates, quantum yield, and Co_2 uptake rates that dark-chilling did in the cucumber plant. Light-chilling induced more marked increase in Fo and decrease in (Fv)m/Fm than dark-chilling did in the room temperature chlorophyll induction kinetics. The above results affected by chilling in the light are considered to be associated with the partial damage of the reaction center of PS Ⅱ and the decreased photosynthetic activities. There occurred a large decrease in qQ with little change in qNP in the light-chilling plant. When light- and dark- chilled plants were recovered at room temperature for 24 h and their chlorophyll fluorescences were induced with light doubling technique, light-chilled plants showed more smaller magnitude and rate of fluorescence relaxation than dark-chilled plants. These suggest that light-chilling might cause some alterations in transthylakoid ΔpH formation, and that photosynthetic apparatus of cucumber cotyledons is more susceptible to light-chilling. In the fast fluorescence induction kinetics, F_R was decreased by 60% in the light-chilled plants with reference to 25℃ light-grown plants, while the dark-chilled plants showed a decreased rate of only 20% with reference to 25℃ dark-treated plants for 24h, indicating that cucumber seedling is very sensitive to chilling stress. So, it is certain that chilling injury to the photosynthetic apparatus is strongly dependent on the presence of light in cucumber seedlings.

Chilling Tolerance of Photosynthesis in Plants is Dependent on the Capacity to Enhance the Levels of the Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments in Response to Cold Stress

김현주,강인순,이신범,이춘환,조성호,문병용,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Kang, In-Soon,Lee, Chin-Bum,Lee, Choon-Hwan,Cho, Sung-Ho,Moon, Byoung-Yong 한국광과학회 2005 Journal of Photosciences Vol.12 No.1

Plants possess the ability to dissipate the excitation energy for the protection of photosynthetic apparatus from absorbed excess light. Heat dissipation is regulated by xanthophyll cycle in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. We investigated the mechanistic aspects of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection against low-temperature photoinhibition in plants. Using barley and rice as chilling-resistant species and sensitive ones, respectively, chilling-induced chlorophyll fluorescence quenching, composition of xanthophyll cycle pigments and mRNA expression of the zeaxanthin epoxidase were examined. Chilled barley plants exhibited little changes in chlorophyll fluorescence quenching either of photochemical or non-photochemical nature and in the photosynthetic electron transport, indicating low reduction state of PS II primary electron acceptor. In contrast to the barley, chilled rice showed a marked decline in those parameters mentioned above, indicating the increased reduction state of PS II primary electron acceptor. In addition, barley plants were shown to have a higher capacity to elevate the pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments in response to cold stress compared to rice plants. Such species-dependent regulation of xanthophyll cycle activity was correlated with the gene expression level of cold-induced zeaxanthin epoxidase. Chilled rice plants depressed the gene expression of zeaxanthin epoxidase, whereas barley increased its expression in response to cold stress. We suggest that chilling-induced alterations in the pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments related to its capacity would play an important role in regulating plant's sensitivity to chilling stress.

딸기 품종의 성숙도, 저장온도 및 저장기간에 따른 과실 품질과 항산화 활성 변화

최효길(Hyo Gil Choi),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),노일래(Il Rae Rho),박경섭(Kyoung Sub Park),이선이(Sun Yi Lee) 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 ‘대왕’과 ‘설향’ 딸기 두 품종의 성숙도, 저장온도 및 저장기간에 따른 과실의 품질 변화를 구명하고자 하였다. 100% 착색된 완숙 딸기 과실과 50% 착색된 미숙 딸기 과실을 수확하여 4℃와 15℃에서 10일 동안 각각 저장하였다. 딸기과실의 경도, 기능성 식물화합물, 유리당 함량, 유기산 함량 그리고 항산화 활성은 저장 5일과 10일 후에 각각 측정하였다. 두 품종의 과실 경도를 비교할 때, ‘대왕’품종이 ‘설향’보다 높은 수준의 과실경도를 보였으며, 페놀화합물과 자당 함량 또한 ‘대왕’이 ‘설향’보다 높았다. 그러나 대조적으로 안토시아닌 및 과당 함량은 ‘대왕’이 ‘설향’ 보다 낮았다. 두 품종의 항산화 활성은 거의 동일하였다. 저장온도에 있어 과실경도는 4℃에 저장한 과실이 15℃에 저장된 과실보다 높은 수준의 경도를 보였다. 4℃와 15℃에 저장되는 동안 두 품종의 과실 내 페놀화합물과 자당 함량이 감소되었다. 반면, 10일 동안 저장된 과실 내의 안토시아닌과 포도당 함량은 증가하였다. 딸기 과실에 함유되어 있는 유기산의 함량은 품종이나 온도보다는 저장기간에 의존적인 영향을 보였다. 10일 동안 저장된 미숙 과실의 항산화 활성이 미미하게 감소 또는 증가된 것에 비해, 완숙 과실의 항산화 활성은 현저하게 감소하였다. 서로 다른 온도에 저장된 두 품종의 완숙 과실을 비교할 때, 4℃에서 저장된 과실 보다 15℃에서 저장된 과실의 항산화 활성이 현저하게 감소되었다. 반면, 미숙 과실의 항산화 활성 변화는 미미하였다. 본 연구 결과로 보아, 고품질의 딸기를 제공하기 위해서는 단기저장 시에는 완숙과실을 수확하고, 장기저장 시에는 저장기간에 따른 적정 성숙 단계의 과일을 수확하여 4℃에 저장하는 것이 타당하다고 사료된다. The aim of this work was to study the changes in fruit quality and antioxidant activity depending on ripening levels, storage temperature and storage periods in two strawberry cultivars (Fragaria × ananassa cvs. Daewang and Seolhyang). Fully ripe strawberry fruits (100% colored fruits) and unripe strawberry fruits (50% colored fruits) were harvested and then stored at 4℃ and 15℃ for 10 days, respectively. Hardness, phytochemicals, sugars, organic acids and antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits were measured after storage for 5 and 10 days, respectively. When fruit hardness was compared between the two cultivars, ‘Daewang’ showed a greater degree of fruit hardness than ‘Seolhyang’. ‘Daewang’ also showed higher amounts of phenolic compounds and sucrose than ‘Seolhyang’. In contrary to this, ‘Daewang’ was shown to contain lower amounts of anthocyanin and fructose than ‘Seolhyang’. However, antioxidant activities of both cultivars were almost identical. When the effects of storage temperature were examined on fruit hardness, fruits stored at 4℃ showed a higher degree of hardness than those stored at 15℃. During the period of fruit storage at 4℃ or 15℃, both cultivars showed marked decline in the contents of phenolic compounds as well as sucrose. Contrastingly, they showed higher amounts of anthocyanin and glucose after 10 days of storage. On the other hand, the contents of organic acids in strawberry fruits were influenced only by the period of storage, not depending on cultivars or temperatures. Antioxidant activities of fully ripe fruits declined remarkably after 10 days of storage, as compared to unripe fruits which showed a minor decrease or increase. When fully ripe fruits of both cultivars were stored at different temperatures, those stored at 15℃ showed a significant decrease in the antioxidant activity as compared to those stored at 4℃. However, changes of antioxidant activity in unripe fruits were minor. These observations in order to supply high quality strawberry suggest that fully ripe strawberry fruits should be harvested for the short-term storage and the appropriate ripe level fruit should be harvested for the long-term storage. Storage temperature is appropriate at 4℃.

평행봉 Tippelt 동작의 기술 분석

백훈식 ( Hun Sik Back ),김민수 ( Min Soo Kim ),문병용 ( Byoung Yong Moon ),백진호 ( Jin Ho Back ),윤창선 ( Chang Sun Yoon ) 한국운동역학회 2007 한국운동역학회지 Vol.17 No.2

파장별 LED광이 딸기의 생장 특성과 생리 활성 물질 형성에 미치는 효과

최효길(Hyo Gil Choi),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),박경섭(Kyoung Sub Park),조명환(Myeong Whan Cho),김영철(Young Cheol Kim) 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1

지구 온난화에 따른 최근의 이상기후는 일조량의 부족을 야기하여 농업 피해의 일차적인 요인이 되고 있다. 플라스틱 하우스 재배에서 LED광은 일조량 부족을 보충하기 위해 종종 활용되고 있다. 본 연구는 LED 인공광원을 이용한 폐쇄형 생장실에서 생육 중인 성숙한 딸기 ‘대왕’ 품종 과실의 생장 특성 및 기능성 식물화합물 형성을 조사하는데 목적이 있다. 인공광원으로는 청색 LED광(448nm), 적색 LED광(634nm 및 661nm), 그리고 청색과 적색이 3대 7로 조합된 혼합 LED광을 사용하였으며, 태양광이 없는 폐쇄형 생장상에서 주간 16시간 및 야간 8시간의 광주기와 함께 200 ± 1μmol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP>의 광도로 LED광을 처리하였다. 청색과 적색 파장이 혼합된 LED광에서 자란 딸기 과실의 생산량이 다른 LED광 처리보다 높았다. 유리당 중의 하나인 과당은 혼합 LED광에서 증가되었다. 안토시아닌 함량 역시 다른 LED광 처리에 비하여 혼합 LED광에서 현저하게 증가되었다. 총 페놀화합물과 플라보노이드 함량은 LED광 처리별 유의적 차이가 없었다. 반면, 청색 LED광에서 자란 딸기 과실은 다른 LED광처리에 비하여 빨리 익었다. 적색이나 청색의 LED광에서 생육한 과실의 항산화 활성이 혼합 LED광보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 온실에서의 딸기 생육 시 부족한 태양광의 보충광원으로서 청색과 적색의 혼합 LED광을 사용하면 과실의 생산량과 유리당 함량의 증진에 유용하리라고 판단되며, 식물공장에서 딸기 재배 시 성숙시기의 조절이나 당 함량 및 항산화제 증진과 같은 목적을 실현하기 위해서 LED 파장의 선택적 이용이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Recent unusual weather due to global warming causes shortage of daily sunlight and constitutes one of the primary reasons for agricultural damages. LED light sources are frequently utilized to compensate for the shortage of sunlight in greenhouse agriculture. The present study is aimed at evaluating formations of phytochemicals as well as growth characteristics of mature strawberry fruits (‘Daewang’ cultivar) during cultivation in a closed growth chamber equipped with artificial LED light as a sole light source. Each LED light of blue (448 nm), red (634 and 661 nm) or mixed blue plus red (blue:red = 3:7) was separately supplied and the intensity of each light was adjusted to 200 ± 1 μmol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·s<SUP>-1</SUP> at plant level with a photoperiod consisted of 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness. Strawberries grown under mixed LED light of blue and red wavelengths showed a higher production of fruits than those grown under other LED treatments. Fructose, one of the free sugars, increased in mixed LED light-grown fruits. Anthocyanin contents were elevated remarkably in the mixed LED light-grown fruits compared with those in other LED treatments. Contrastingly, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids were not of much different from one another among the fruits treated with various LED lights. On the other hand, ripening of strawberry fruits was found to be faster when grown under blue LED light compared with other LED treatments. Moreover, antioxidant activities of blue or red LED light-grown fruits, respectively, were significantly higher than those of mixed LED light-grown fruits. We suggest that when daylight is in shortage during cultivation in a greenhouse, supplementation of sunlight with LED light, which is composed of blue and red wavelengths, could be useful for the enhancement of productivity as well as of free sugar content in strawberry fruits. In addition, for the strawberry culture in the plant factory, selective adoption of LED light wavelength would be required to accomplish the purpose of controlling fruit maturation time as well as of enhancing contents of sugars and antioxidants of fruits.

딸기 ‘대왕’ 품종의 생리활성 화합물 함량 특성

최효길(Hyo Gil Choi),권준국(Joon Kook Kwon),박경섭(Kyoung Sub Park),노일래(Il Rae Rho),정호정(Ho Jeong Jeong),이선이(Sun Yi Lee),강남준(Nam Jun Kang),문병용(Byoung Yong Moon) 한국원예학회 2012 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2012 No.5