Change in Travel Behavior of the Elderly in Seoul Metropolitan Area

Shi Hak Noh(노시학),Chang-Hyeon Joh(조창현) 대한지리학회 2011 대한지리학회지 Vol.46 No.6

우리나라 인구의 급격한 노령화 추세로 인해 노인 인구의 모빌리티는 중요한 사회적 이슈가 되어 있다. 본 연구는 청장년과 비교한 노인의 통행행태의 특성을 검토하고 세계에서 가장 빠른 노령화가 진행되는 우리나라에서 그러한 특성이 어떻게 변화하고 있는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 2002년도와 2006년도의 수도권 가구통행실태조사 자료를 분석한다. 연구 결과, 노인통행은 청장년과는 많은 측면에서 큰 차이들을 보이며, 노인 인구, 특히 66세에서 69세 사이의 '젊은' 노인 인구의 모빌리티는 크게 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다. 최근의 도시 대중교통체계 개편은 이러한 노인 인구의 모빌리티 증진에 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. Mobility of elderly people is an important issue in Korea (ROK) where the aging process of the population is so rapid. This paper aims to examine the unique characteristics of elderly travel behavior in comparison to younger people and the changes in such characteristics given that Korea (ROK) has the world's fastest aging population. To this end, the paper analyzes two recent large scale survey data sets, each including more than a quarter of a million individuals' travel diaries in metropolitan Seoul, collected in 2002 and 2006, respectively. The analysis found that elderly travel differs greatly from younger people's in many aspects, and the mobility of the elderly, particularly those aged 66 to 69, has increased a great deal. Recent reforms of public transportation systems in the city could contribute to the increase in elderly mobility.

포괄적 도시 교통가격정책 시행을 위한 대안 분석

노시학 ( Shi Hak Noh ) 한국도시지리학회 2008 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.11 No.3

New Ball-Milled Metal Hydride Electrode for Rechargeable Batteries

노학(Hak Noh),J . O . Strom Olsen,박충년(C . N . Park) 한국수소및신에너지학회 1997 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.8 No.1

A new type of anode materials in form of nanocrystalline composite powders has been developed that offers the potential for dramatically improved discharge capacity and initial activation rate. The composites are synthesized by ball milling of two components-a major component (basic component) having high hydrogen capacity and a minor component (surface activator) with good electrocatalytic activity. The capacity increase observed by ball milling with surface activator. The ball-milled composite materials are easier to activate than the non ball-milled basic component.

사회교통지리학의 발전과정 및 전망

노시학(Shi Hak Noh),최유선(Yoo Sun Choi) 한국도시지리학회 1999 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Two major research fields can be identified in the progress of transportation geography since the 1960s. In the 1960s transportation geography was the leading research field in the quantitative movement in geography. But in the 1970s there was strong criticism of the quantitative approach to transportation geography. The center of the criticism appeared to be that transportation geography had become dehumanized in its academic and applied form, and it had become a tool used by the planners to preserve a system which was basically inhuman and unjust. This paper examines the progress of social transportation geography since 1970s, and proposes several research agenda for the field. The relationship between socio-political structure and transportation systems, social meaning of travel behavior, mobility and accessibility differences between social classes, and urban community devastation due to through traffic are proposed as major prospective research agenda in social transportation geography.

단청장엄으로 표현한 불보살의 세계

노재학(Jae Hak Noh) 중앙승가대학교 불교학연구원 2017 불교와 사회 Vol.9 No.-

불전건물의 단청장엄은 자연의 숲에서 지혜를 빌린 엄숙한 장식이다. 복잡하고 다양한 자연의 패턴에서 조화롭고 세련된 색채와 형태로 재구성 한 인문예술적 산물이 단청이다. 종교적 단청장엄이 가장 숭고하게 결집한 곳이 법당 천정이다. 시대요구에 따른 가구구조의 역동적인 짜임은 천정형태에 보다 다양한 변화를 이끌어냈다. 고려시대와 조선전기에 지붕의 내부 뼈대가 노출되어 있던 천정은 전란 후 조선중기에 이르러 우물 井자의 울거미에 반자를 덮은 우물반자, 혹은 빗반자로 결구한 천정형태로 나타났다. 층급 우물천정과 빗반자-우물천정이 대표적인 형태로 등장했다. 새롭게 등장한 우물천정은 법당 내부 단청장엄에 커다란 화면을 제공하였으며, 다양한 소재를 활용한 종교적 교의의 표현에 주의 깊은 세심함을 요구했다. 행과 열로 짜맞춘 우물반자 칸칸은 불교의 광대무변의 세계관, 혹은 우주관을 상징적으로 표현하는 데 대단히 유용한 장치로 활용할 수 있었다. 우물반자 한 칸 한 칸을 부처님의 지혜와 자비로 충만한 불국토로 경영하는 슬기를 발휘한 것이다. 몇몇의 문양을 반복하고 천정구조의 기하학적 대칭을 활용해서 천정 전면을 거대한 불국정토 만다라로 탁월하게 경영했다. 천정을 장식한 단청장엄의 핵심 질료는 연화(蓮華)와 범자(梵字)였다. 범자 한 자 한 자는 번역하지 않는 진언, 곧 진리를 상징하고, 부처님의 ‘신구의 삼밀(身口意 三密)’의 총지였다. 그래서 부처님의 씨앗, 종자(種子)로 인식했다. 천정의 우물반자 칸칸에 팔엽연화, 혹은 육엽연화를 그린 후, 낱낱의 꽃잎마다 그 범자종자를 심었다. 그 단청은 목적성을 향해 가는 질서 있는 거룩한 의식에 가까웠다. 왜냐하면 새로운 형식의 부처, 곧 범자종자불을 천정이라는 특수한 공간에 내밀히 봉안하였기 때문이다. 그것은 입체적 조각으로 표현한 불상이나 평면적 회화로 표현한 불화와는 또 다른 형식을 갖춘 부처님의 나투심이었다. 범자 진언의 내밀함만큼이나 상징성의 아우라는 깊고도 심오했다. 범자 종자를 통해 우물반자 칸칸에 부처님의 색과 소리, 향, 광명을 심었다. 천정에 삼존불, 오방불, ‘옴 마니 파드메 훔’, 팔방의 불보살, 천불로 꽃이 피듯 나투셨다. 대칭과 반복을 통해 거대한 종자만다라(種子曼茶羅)가 펼쳐졌다. 천정의 단청세계는 궁극적으로 진리와 자비로 가득한 화엄의 연화장세계로 구현됐던 것이다. Dancheong meaning the work of decorating the Buddhist buildings by painting with brilliant colors is the solemn art that borrowed the wisdom from nature's forest. Dancheong is the artistic and cultural artifact that is reconstructed in harmonious and sophisticated colors and forms in complex and diverse natural patterns. Dancheong is most nobly concentrated in the ceiling of the Buddhist buildings. The dynamic frame of the house and furniture structure in response to the demands of the ages led to more changes in the ceiling form. In the Koryo Dynasty and the early-Joseon Dynasty, the inner skeleton of the roof was the ceiling itself. However, in the mid-Joseon Dynasty after the Imjin war, appeared a ceiling where the frames whose form was like 井(the Chinese character meaning the well) were set up evenly or slantly under the roof and each vacant cell in the frame was covered with a board. This new ceiling provided a big space for Dancheong and demanded careful attention to the expression of religious doctrine using various subjects. Each board in the cell of the frame arranged in the rows and columns could be used as a very useful device for symbolically expressing the vast world view of Buddhism and the cosmos. Also, each pattern on the board could express the wisdom of the world filled with Buddha’s truth and mercy. Furthermore, by repeating several patterns and utilizing the geometric symmetry of the ceiling structure, the whole ceiling looked like the magnificent Buddhist paradise of mandala. The main subjects of Dancheong were lotus flowers and Sanskrit characters. Each character of Sanskrit represented the truth itself that couldn't be translated and the whole knowledge of Buddha. That’s why this Sanskrit character in the center of each pattern was recognized as the seed of Buddha. After painting the eight petaled lotus or the six petaled lotus on each board, they planted this Sanskrit character on the center of the lotus as the seed of Buddha. The pattern was like an orderly holy ritual expressing the ultimate purpose of Buddhism. This is because the new type of Buddha, Sanskrit character Buddha, was enshrined in a special space, the ceiling. It was a new kind of Buddha born as a figure different from that of the existing Buddha expressed as the form of the statue or the painting. The symbolistic aura was as profound as the subtle implication of Sanskrit character. In this Sanskrit character as the seed of Buddha, they planted the Buddha’s color, sound, fragrance, and light, and made three respectable Buddhas, five direction Buddhas, om-ma-ni-ban-me-hum, eight direction Buddhas, and thousand Buddhas be born on the ceiling as if all the flowers were blooming at the same time. By using the technique of symmetry and repetition, the world of huge seed mandala was revealed. In conclusion, Dancheong in the ceiling ultimately embodied the Buddhist land of perfect bliss called the Hwa-eom world filled with the truth and mercy of Buddha.

국내 관광지리학의 연구동향 분석

노시학(Shi Hak Noh),정은혜(Eun Hye Choung) 한국관광연구학회 2004 관광연구저널 Vol.18 No.2

This research examines the general research trend of tourism geography in Korea. There are five major research subjects in the geographical analysis of tourism in Korea, that is, tourism development and policy, tourist behavior, regional analysis of tourism destination, transportation of tourism, and sustainable tourism. Substantial parts of the research have been concentrated on the fields of tourism development and policy, tourist behavior, and regional analysis of tourism destination. Recently, however, sustainable tourism has emerged as a major research topic. Even though there are very strong relationship between tourism and transportation, there are relatively few researches of the tourism transportation.

Zr계 수소저장합금의 전극특성에 미치는 은 첨가의 영향

노학(Hak Noh),정소이(So Yi Jeong),최승준(Seung Jun Choi),최전(Jeon Choi),서찬열(Chan Yeol Seo),박충년(Choong Nyeon Park) 한국수소및신에너지학회 1997 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.8 No.3

The effects of Ag addition to Zr-based hydrogen storage alloys (Zr_0.7Ti_0.3V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.4, Zr_0.7Ti_0.3V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.3Cr_0.1 and Zr_0.6Ti_0.4V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.3Fe_0.1) on the electrode properties were examined. Ag-free and Ag-added Ze-based alloys were prepared by arc melting, crushed mechanically, and subjected to the electrochemical measurement. In Zr_0.7Ti_0.3V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.4 alloy, 0.08 wt% Ag addition to the alloy improved the activation rate. Also Ag addition improved both activation property and discharge capacity in Zr_0.7Ti_0.3V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.3Cr_0.1. For these Ag-added alloys, discharge capacities with the change of charge-discharge current density(10㎃, 15㎃ and 30㎃) are almost constant. Showing very high rate capability, discharge capacity of Zr_0.6Ti_0.4V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.3Fe_0.1 alloy increased by Ag addition to the alloy. When the amount of Ag addition in Zr_0.7Ti_0.3V_0.4Ni_1.2Mn_0.4 allay increased too much, the electrode properties became worse. Unveiling mechanism of effect of Ag addition is now progressing in our laboratory.

서울시 여성 취업자의 취업형태와 통근통행패턴간의 연관성 분석

노시학(Shi Hak Noh) 한국도시지리학회 2000 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This paper examines employment types and commuting patterns among female workers in the Seoul Metropolitan area. The employment types and commuting patterns among female workers of the study area are substantially different. Among other things, spatial characteristics of the workplace represented by functional and locational features of the area where the work places are located and the marital status of female workers are the most important factors affecting the female workers employment types and commuting patterns. these facts imply that the social and spatial barriers to employment opportunities for female workers in Korea are still substantial, and the research results that come from the American experiences do not correspond well with the Korean situation.

회귀분석을 이용한 서울의 노인 통행 패턴 특성 연구

노시학 ( Shi Hak Noh ),조창현 ( Chang Hyeon Joh ) 한국도시지리학회 2009 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.12 No.3

도시의 교통소외계층에 대한 지리학적 연구를 위한 제언 - 노인 및 장애인과 여성 인구를 중심으로 -

노시학(Shi Hak Noh) 한국도시지리학회 1998 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.1 No.1

It is typical in the modern automobile oriented urban area that the spatial separation between places is getting greater, and the ability to travel and access is essential for the everyday life of urban residents. Thus, the quality of life of the residents, whose spatial activities are shrunk substantially because of the physical and socio-economic barriers in the process of trip making, is deteriorated. Meanwhile social interactions between the members of urban community are interrupted seriously by the automobiles transferring the area. Especially the effects of community disruption by the automobiles are most serious to the residents whose spatial activities are confined to the home area. Transportation studies related to the elderly and handicapped, and women are needed badly in Korea because they are the ones who are affected most severely by the current transportation systems of the country. The purpose of this paper is to propose several research agenda to improve the transportation environments of the urban transportation disadvantaged, such as the elderly and handicapped, and women.