필립 로스의 『휴먼 스테인』에 나타난 패싱과 할례: 뉴밀레니엄의 ‘구별짓기’

노동욱 한국문학과종교학회 2019 문학과종교 Vol.24 No.2

Philip Roth’s The Human Stain stresses that the issue of racial boundary is not simply an exclusive matter of the Jim Crow era but also an ongoing issue even in the 21st century. In addition, this issue is becoming more complicated as the power of racial boundary is still predominantly at work epistemologically in the present in which racial boundary is being distracted by mixed blood and mixed race. In the threshold of the 21st century, Roth deals with the complicated aspects of this racial boundary through The Human Stain. In The Human Stain, passing and circumcision are closely related to each other, highlighting the thematic consciousness of the novel. In addition, passing and circumcision closely correspond with the theme of The Human Stain in that they have interacted with various factors such as race, ethnicity, and national identity in complex ways throughout history. In this context, this article verifies that, in The Human Stain, Roth embodies the issue of ‘differentiation’ of the New Millennium through the mechanism of passing and circumcision. 필립 로스의 『휴먼 스테인』은 인종 경계선의 문제가 비단 짐 크로우 시대의 전유물이 아니라, 21세기에도 현재진행형으로 지속되는 문제임을 역설한다. 뿐만 아니라, 인종 경계의 사회적 구별이 엄격했던 짐 크로우 시대에 비해, 혼혈 및 혼종을 통해 인종 경계선이 흐려져 가고 있는 현 상황에서 여전히 인식론적으로 인종 경계선의 힘이 강력하게 작용하고 있기에 오히려 그 문제의 양상이 더욱 복잡해져가고 있다. 여기에 최근 들어 더욱 두드러진 이주와 이산의 문제가 한 데 얽히면서, 인종 경계선의 문제가 민족성, 국가 정체성 등의 문제와 씨줄과 날줄처럼 엮여 복합적으로 작용하고 있다. 로스는 21세기의 문턱에서 『휴먼 스테인』을 통해 바로 이러한 인종 경계선의 복잡한 제 양상을 다루고 있다. 『휴먼 스테인』에서 패싱과 할례는 서로 긴밀하게 결부되면서 소설의 주제의식을 부각시키는 역할을 한다. 뿐만 아니라, 패싱과 할례는 오랜 역사 속에서 인종, 민족성, 국가 정체성의 문제 등 다양한 요소와 복합적으로 상호작용해왔다는 점에서 『휴먼 스테인』의 주제의식과 긴밀하게 부합한다. 이러한 맥락에서, 이 논문에서는 로스가 『휴먼 스테인』에서 뉴밀레니엄의 ‘구별짓기’의 문제를 패싱과 할례라는 기제를 통해 형상화하고 있음을 살펴보고자 한다.

드라큘라의 출현과 십자가의 의미: 스티븐 킹 소설에 나타난 종교성 연구

노동욱 한국문학과종교학회 2018 한국문학과종교학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2018 No.01

Effects of Storage Conditions on Cholesterol Oxidation Products in Dairy Products

노동욱 가야대학교 2002 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

Cholesterol Oxidation Products(COPS) in foods are known to have atherogenic effects and to inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis. Several dairy products were used to investigate the effects of normal and adverse storage conditions on COPS formation. When stored at 4, 21, and 38℃ for up to 6 months, little change in COPS levels was observed in powdered dairy products. Meanwhile, storage at 4℃ for 18 months resulted in a three-fold increase of COPS. An exposure of Cheddar cheese powder to the light resulted in an increase in α -epoxide and 7-ketocholesterol until week 3. A continuous heating of butteroil at 110℃ resulted in the large increase in COPS levels.

Inhibitory Activity of Lactic acid bacteria on Enteropathogens

노동욱 가야대학교 2004 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

The inhibitory activities of lactobacilli on the growth of several pathogens were studied. The lactobacilli were cultured with Escherichia coli in a relationship of 1:1 or 10^(3):1. In the first experiment, the inhibition on E. coli growth occurred after 9hrs of incubation. With lower levels of different intestinal pathogens, associative cultures were incubated for 4-6 hrs obtaining different degrees of inhibition with the highest being for E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. After one day of incubation, no viable pathogens were found from the mixed cultures. The inhibition was not due to pH alone, since the addition of different organic acids to culture media did mot inhibit their normal growth. From the result, Lactobacilli casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus can be a potential biotherapeutic treatment for patients infected with intestinal pathogens.

담즙이 불가리커스 유산균의 유당분해효소인 β-galactosidase의 활성에 미치는 영향

노동욱 가야대학교 1999 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

In the presence of 0.15% oxgall, the β-galactosidase activity of whole cells of Lactobacillus bulgaricus was increased. However, higher concentrations of oxgall decreased the enzyme activity. In the absence of oxgall, little or no β-galactosidase activity was exhibited by the whole cells. When the cells were lysed to obtain cell-free extracts prior to assay, there was some decrease in the enzyme activity in the presence of 0.15% oxgall. Increasing the concentrations of oxgall did not further reduce the activity. Apparently, the oxgall increases the permeability of the cells up to a certain concentration(0.15%) to allow more substrate to enter, resulting in more hydrolysis of the substrate. However, at the concentrations higher than that, the enzyme activity was inhibited by the oxgall

The Inhibitory Effect of Lysozyme on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes

노동욱 가야대학교 2007 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.16 No.-

Egg white lysozyme significantly inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth (TSB) at 5℃ and 25℃. The inhibition was enhanced when the pH was lowered from 7.2 to 5.5. Lowering the pH, however, did not affect the lytic activity of the egg white lysozyme. The observed interactive inhibitory effect of lysozyme and low pH on growth is, therefore, suggested to be due to the growth-retarding effect of low pH allowing enzymatic hydrolysis to exceed the rate of cell proliferation. In addition, lysozyme showed an effective preservatives on L. monocytogenes in the refrigerated foods.

쿳시의 『포』에 나타난 타자 재현의 문제와 서술기법

노동욱 세계문학비교학회 2017 世界文學比較硏究 Vol.61 No.-

J. M. Coetzee deals with the issues of paternalistic colonialism and those of representation that are involved with them, as well as portraying such issues in his own works. He does not allow his characters to hastily represent the Other. This is because he is highly conscious of the risks of misrepresenting or mistranslating the Other, and also because he assumes that there cannot be any ‘flawless’ translation which is exempt from any sort of distortion. In Foe, Coetzee gets down to the problems of representation. Friday, the Other of both Susan Barton and Foe, cannot speak because he has no tongue, which makes it inevitable for him to be always ‘translated’ by others. He remains impenetrable till the end no matter how hard Barton and Foe try to grasp his truth. By focusing on these three characters’ interrelationship, this article seeks to argue that Foe directly raises the issues of colonialistic representation. Importantly, in Chapter four of Foe, Coetzee leaves the possibility that Friday’s body can speak for itself. Here it becomes clear that as an writer he struggles to find the ways to represent Friday. By closely analyzing Chapter four, this article attempts to examine in what ways Coetzee presents the discourse of Friday’s body. 이 논문은 쿳시가 『포』에서 프라이데이의 몸의 담론을 재현하기 위해 4부에 도입한 이름 없는 화자의 서술방식이 어떻게 전개되는지를 상세히 분석한다. 4부가 시작되면서 홀연히 등장하는 이 화자는 그동안 화자를 분류해온 전통적인 그물채로 떠낼 수 없는 매우 특이한 존재이다. 프라이데이, 바턴 등의 존재를 이미 알고 있다는 점에서 전지적 화자인 듯 보이지만, 동시에 “~같기도 했다,” “~인지도 몰랐다,” “~가 아닐까?” 등을 남발하는 무지한, 어쩌면 조심스러운 관찰자에 머무르는 듯 보이기도 한다. 전지적이면서도 소극적인 이 화자의 존재는 쿳시가 말하고자 하는 타자 재현의 의미를 파악하는 실마리를 제시한다는 점에서 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 『포』의 중심 주제가 재현의 문제임을 고려할 때, 프라이데이의 몸의 담론 자체에만 주목할 경우 이 독특한 화자의 존재를 간과할 수 있는 여지가 있기 때문에, 몸의 담론 자체보다도 이를 바라보는 화자의 존재, 그리고 이것이 화자에 의해 ‘어떻게’ 재현되는지를 주목할 필요가 있는 것이다. 쿳시는 4장에 프라이데이의 ‘몸’이 발화할 수 있는 공간을 열어둔다. 4장에서는 프라이데이를 어떠한 방식으로 재현할 수 있을지에 대한 쿳시의 작가적 고심을 읽을 수 있다. 이 논문에서는 4장의 화자를 중심으로 4장을 상세히 분석함으로써 쿳시가 어떻게 프라이데이의 몸의 담론을 펼쳐 보이고 있는지를 살핀다.

락토바실러스 아시도필러스 유산균의 콜레스테롤 저하기능에 영향을 주는 요인

노동욱 가야대학교 2011 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 유산균의 성장 중에 콜레스테롤 감소가 발생하였으며,이 감소된 양이 유산균에 흡착된 것이 확인되었다. 또한,iMctobacillus acidophilus ATCC 43121 유산균이 pH가 6.0으로 조정된 환경에서는 그렇지 않은 경우보다 더 많은 양의 콜레스테롤을 흡착하였다. 콜레스테롤에 함유된 불포화지방산의 콜레스테롤 흡착에 끼치는 영향은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 확인되었다.

새롭게 열망하는 유토피아: 데이비드 매밋의 『올리아나』 읽기

노동욱,박윤영 한국동서비교문학학회 2020 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.52

This article aims to analyze the power of the language reflected in David Mamet’s Oleanna. Given that the subtitle of Oleanna is “A Power Play,” it can be measured that the play is about the power behind the sexual harassment case. But this ‘power play’ is not simply a ‘play,’ as it is directly linked to the problems of John and Carol’s own survivals. Also, viewing John and Carol’s confrontation simply as a shift or an overthrow of power would simplify the complex mechanism of power in the university community surrounding the two. What should be noted in the confrontation between John and Carol is that Carol’s ‘mirroring’ strategy ultimately calls for John’s self-reflection. Above all, John and Carol’s confrontation has a dystopian aspect as a ‘zero-sum game,’ but Carol’s line nonetheless bears a strong desire for a new utopia. This article carefully analyzes Carol’s lines to find out the sense of responsibility and solidarity and explore the clues that Mamet left on how to restore the “the failed Utopia of Academia” to a new utopia.

아서 밀러의 『크루서블』에 나타난 폭력 메커니즘 다시 읽기

노동욱 한국문학과종교학회 2016 문학과종교 Vol.21 No.4

This study aims to re-read aspects of violence reproduced in The Crucible through the theories of violence of Walter Benjamin, Slavoj Žižek and Hannah Arendt. This study intends to re-read The Crucible through the theories of violence of Benjamin, Žižek and Arendt because of what they commonly emphasized, that is, the fact that escape from stereotype image of violence provides significant implications for contemplation on violence. When we re-read The Crucible by taking one step back from the power of accusation wrapped in fury and lunacy and taking notice on stark law-making and law-preserving nature of Salem society, foundation can be created to contemplate and reflect on its ‘systemic violence.’ In addition, Arendt’s theory of violence which saw opposing relationship between ‘violence’ and ‘power’ and between ‘behavior’ and ‘action’ provides insight into the origin of witch hunt in Salem society and into understanding the meaning of John Proctor’s resistance.