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김창길(Kim Chang-Kil) 한국관세학회 2005 관세학회지 Vol.6 No.4
There are decided differences between policymakers and lawmakers, business leaders and government official regarding HS problem structuring. The HS Classification Dispute and Problem Structuring concerning failure to formulate and present a convincing argument can be solved by problem structuring process to build relationships and network of supporters among policy elites, business leaders and government official. In contrast, among foreign policy, trade policy and business leaders in HS users field, korean custom elites have a more firmly defined image. Regrettably, however, that image tends to be a negative one. For Example, government official has reputation of being unreasonable and aggressive in its dealing with business trade area, it has the reputation of being rigid and unyielding in negotiations. Korean government official is viewed as tending to resist trade proposals to the very end. Moreover, rightly or wrongly, some believe lawmaker and the media are not reliable in adhering to the agreement into which it entered implement law such as tariffs. Such practice reflect significant dissatisfaction of rigidity in custom field and business community with the media. Thus, this research present HS Nomenclature and reclassification disputes and enhancing problem structuring for strategy to all HS users review on discrimination to find out dividing line improving correct decision making relevant HS code.
관세행정상 품목분류(HS)제도의 위험요인에 관한 실증적 연구
김창길(Chang-kil Kim),곽봉환(Kwak-Bong Hwan) 한국관세학회 2006 관세학회지 Vol.7 No.3
HS is a logical and legal system that categorizes commodities into different codes according to the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System. The system is used as a global standard and a common language in international trade by over 190 countries throughout the world with the object of standardizing tariffs, the certificate of origin, trade statistics, and transportation. Therefore, without complete understanding of HS, we may not be able to deal with commercial disputes effectively in the age of unlimited competition, despite it is quite complex and difficult to comprehend knowledge of social sciences and natural sciences that is necessary for commodity classification. Thus, in order to examine the effects of relevant factors on HS and risk management, we conducted a questionnaire survey and a technical statistics analysis, based upon which an empirical analysis was carried out on the performance of the system throughout the process of Planning, Doing, and Seeing, and examined the relation between identified key factors and the performance of the system. According to the results of the empirical analysis of the formation, operation, assessment, and performance of the system, system formation appeared to have a positive effect on system operation, system operation on system assessment, and system assessment on system performance. The present study summarized the results of the empirical analysis on the formation of HS, its operation, the assessment of its results, and satisfaction with its performance, derived risk factors in each stage, suggested how to use the results of this research, and presented the implications of the analysis results for those in relevant academic and administrative areas.
김정희(Jeong-Hee Kim),김기옥(Ki-Ok Kim),우종규(Jong-Gyu Woo),김대일(Daeil Kim),김창길(Chang Kil Kim) 한국원예학회 2008 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2008 No.12
사과 국내 육성 품종인 ‘감홍’ 품종의 형질 전환 체계를 확립하고 ‘감홍’의 칼슘 결핍에 의한 생리 장해인 고두병이 방제된 형질 전환체를 육성하기 위하여 CAX1 유전자 전환을 실시하였다. 접종에 사용되는 절편체는 증식 배양 중인 신초의 유엽을 사용하는 경우가 발근 배양중인 신초의 유엽을 사용하는 것보다 높은 재분화율을 보여 효과적이었다. 항생제 첨가 재분화 선발 배지에서 재분화된 신초들을 대상으로 PCR을 실시한 결과 20개체에서 유전자 도입을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들을 Southern blot 분석한 결과 6개체에서 안정적으로 유전자가 도입되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 유전자의 정량적 발현 분석을 위해 real-time PCR을 실시한 결과 대조구에 비해 형질 전환체 모두에서 CAX1 유전자의 상대적 발현량이 높게 나타났다. 형질 전환체의 칼슘 분석결과, 대조구와 큰 차이가 없었는데 기내 배양 잎의 분석 결과이기 때문에 기내 대량 증식 후 순화 과정을 거쳐 포장에서 생육시켜 과실이나 수체 등 다른 식물체 부위에서의 칼슘 함량을 측정해야 할 필요가 있다고 판단되었다. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of Korean apple cultivar ‘Gamhong’ was established. Korean superior cultivars such as ‘Hongro’ and ‘Gamhong’ have rapidly become popular and occupied about 20% of the total apple growing area since the late 1990s.‘Gamhong’is late maturing cultivar with high sugar and juice content. Since it is prone to calcium deficiency, however, bitter pit occurs during the maturing season. The CAX1 gene playing the role of H<SUP>+</SUP>/Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> antiporter, increases Ca levels in several crops. The CAX1 gene was introduced into‘Gamhong’ by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring pBI121 to obtain its transformants without bitter pit problem. Regenerated transgenic lines were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA for the existence of CAX1 gene. Southern blot analysis of‘Gamhong’transformants showed that six putative transgenic lines were integrated with CAX1 gene in genomic DNA. CAX1 comparative expression levels of the transformants were higher than those of non-transformants evaluated by comparative quantification analysis using a real-time PCR. These six lines are currently being multiplied in vitro. Developed shoots will be transplanted to the isolated greenhouse after acclimation, while the physiological expression of fruit will be investigated during the bearing season.