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金源模 단국대학교 1978 論文集 Vol.12 No.-
When the Grant Administration was inaugurated in 1869, Secretary of State Hamilton Fish was faced with the question of the propesed American Expedition to Korea which was set up by former Secretary of State William H. Seward and Consul General at Shanghai George F. Seward in 1868. Secretary of State Fish had little diplomatic experiences in the Far Fast, and so he accepted Seward's original proposal. Before taking decisive action on American Expedition to Korea, Fish summoned Consul Seward from Shanghai to consult with him on the exdedition proposal. At the Department of State, Consul Seward proposed that the United States take the following steps: China's "good offices"; and entrust the mission to the Admiral of Asiatic Fleet. The first two proposals were immediately accepted, but Secretary of State Fish decided to entrust the negotiations to the new American minister to China, Frederick F. Low. In April 1870, Secretary Fish instructed Minister to China Low to undertake the mission, generally along the lines of Consul Seward's original proposal. At the same time, Admiral John Redgers of Asiatic Fleet was instructed to accompany Minister Plenipotentiary Low with a sufficient force. Finally Minister Low had received from Washington the "full power" mission to Korea. The expedition to Korea was ostensibly performed by Low along the lines of an entirely peaceful intentions, but it was accomplished by Admiral Rodgers along the lines of punitive expedition to Korea over the fate of General Sherman. Admiral Rodgers made plans to carry American traditional Gunboat Diplomacy in Korea as Admiral Matthew C. Perry took it 18 years ago in Japan, but Rodgers' plan ended in a failure in 1871.
初期 韓·美交涉의 展開 (1852∼66) : The Early Korean-American Relations, 1852-66
金源模 단국대학교 1976 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
Early American interest in Korea stemmed from a expand American trade in Asia and the Pacific area. In May 1834, when Edmond Roberts, a special representative of the United States, returned from his explorations for expanding American trade in the Far East, Mr. Roberts laid a strong emphasis upon trade with Korea to the Secretary of State. Eleven years later, in February 1845, Congressman Zodoc Pratt demanded the commercial arrangements with the Kingdom of Korea in the House of Representatives, but his resolution to open Korea to trade was turned down by American-Mexican War and American inter-state development plans. First American contact with Korea began in December 1852 by a whaling vessel. In the 1850's American whale fishing was of very wide prevalence on the sea of Hokkaido, Japan. At last an unidentified whaling vessel, getting 43 crewmen on board, drifted ashore on Yong-dang-po, Dongnai, Pusan by a wind storm. It was not an officials representative dispatched by the United States Government, but it was the Fisherman drifted by the strong wind. For the first time in the history of Korean-American Relations, Korean local officials contacted with Americans on the vessel and confirmed that it was an American whaling vessel. Three years later, another American whaling vessel, "Two Brothers," with four young fishermen aboard, drifted on Tongchun, Kangwon-do before the strong wind. The magisstrate of the area relieved these four young helpless Americans, and gave a warm reception to them. For the first time in history, Americans came to Korea by chance and made a historic landing on Korean soil. But they could not understand each other because of language problems. Since Korea did not establish the diplomatic realations with the United States, the Korean authority repatriated them to China Koreans relized for the first time that the strangers were the fisermen of the "Flowery Flag Country", namely America. In the February 1866, American trading schooner, eight Americans on board, entered Kyongsadeung, Pusan with a cargo, and asked for trading with them, but Korean authority flatly declined their request on the ground that the trading with other nations except China and Japan was placed under a ban by the Korean prohibition law. In June of the same year, another American trading schooner, the "Surprise", was wrecked off Chulsan, Sunsa-po, Pyonganpuk-do, but they were supplied by the Korean local authority with necessary comforts and were transported on horse back to Peking.