The Beards' New Basic History of the United States(the co-operative work of Charles A , Mary R , and William Beard )

박무성 단국사학회 1967 史學志 Vol.1 No.1

남한의 초기 철기문화에 대한 몇 가지 논의

이청규 ( Chung Kyu Lee ) 단국사학회 2013 史學志 Vol.46 No.-

기원전 3-1세기경에 남한의 동부와 서부에 보급되는 철기 갖춤 새의 차이가 있다. 서남한에서는 기원전 2세기 전후에 부(斧), 착(鑿), 사(사) 등의 주조(鑄造)철기, 동남한에서는 기원전 1세기 전후에 검(劍), 모(모), 과(戈) 등의 단조(鍛造)철기가 집중적으로 분포한다. 이러한 차이는 지금까지 확보된 고고학 자료를 문헌기록의 정황과 맞추어 볼 때, 각각 위만조선(衛滿朝鮮)과의 물자기술교류, 위만조선 멸망 후 유이민(流移民)의 이주(移住)와 관련될 가능성이 가장 높다. The ironware sets which were supplied to the eastern part of the southern Korean peninsula and those to the western part of it, around the 3rd-the 1st century BCE, differed from each other. In the western part of the southern Korean peninsula around the 2nd century BCE, the casted ironwares such as axes(斧), chisels(鑿), and javelins(사) were concentrically spreaded; but in the eastern part of it, the forged ironwares such as swords(劍), lances(모), and spears (戈) were. When archeological materials obtained till now are compared with the circumstances in textual records, such differences seems to have the most provability to be related with the material and technical interchanges with Wiman-Joseon and with the migrators displaced by the fall of Wimanjoseon.

일제침략에 대한 한중 공동항전의 역사적 경험과 과제

한시준 ( Seejun Han ) 단국사학회 2016 史學志 Vol.52 No.-

한국과 중국은 20세기 전반기에 공유하였던 역사적 경험이 있다. 한국과 중국 모두 일본제국주의의 침략을 받았고, 한중 양민족은 일제가 패망할 때까지 상호 협력하면서 공동으로 대일항전을 전개하였다. 일제를 상대로 한 한중의 공동항전은 중국 각 지역에서, 또 다양한 형태로 전개되었다. 1931년 9월 일제가 만주를 침략하자 만주지역에 거주하고 있던 한중 양민족이 서로 연합하여, 공동으로 일본군과 싸웠다. 한국의 조선혁명군과 한국독립군이 중국의 요녕민중자위군· 길림구국군 등과 연합하여 공동항전을 전개한 것이 그러한 예이다. 중국관내지역에서도 다양한 방법의 공동항전이 이루어졌다. 1910년 이래 많은 한인청년들이 중국의 군관학교에 들어가 군사훈련을 받았고, 이들이 중국군으로 대일항전에 참전하였다. 또 한국의 독립운동 세력들이 조선의용대· 한국청년전지공작대· 한국광복군 조선의용군 등을 조직하여 중국군과 함께 항일전을 전개하기도 하였다. 20세기 전반기 한국과 중국은 일제를 상대로 공동항전을 전개하였고, 그 결과 일제의 침략을 물리치고 해방과 승전을 거두었다. 한중 양국은 일제의 침략을 물리친 공동의 경험을 기억하고, 이를 역사적으로 정리하는 방안을 마련하여야 한다. There are historical experiences that were shared between Koreans and Chinese in the 1st half of the 20th century. Despite the temporal and methodological differences, both Korea and China were invaded by the Japanese imperialism. Invaded by the Japanese empire, Korea and China came to share a ``common fate`` and considered the Japanese empire as their ``mutual enemy.`` And both Koreans and Chinese collaborated each other and fought the anti-Japanese war together. The Korean-Chinese coalitional war against the Japanese empire were developed throughout China in various forms. The typical area in which the Korean-Chinese coalitional war were developed was Manchuria. As the Japanese empire invaded Manchuria in September of 1931, Koreans and Chinese living in the area allied and fought against the Japanese army together. The fact that Korea`s Joseon Revolutionary Army(Joseon Hyeokmyeong-gun) and Korean Independence Army(Han-guk Dokripgun) working in Manchuria allied with China`s Liaoning People`s Self-Defence Army(Liaoning Minjung Jawigun) and Gillim National Salvation Army(Gillim Gugukgun) and developed the coalitional war was one of such examples. Also in the Inland China some coalitional wars of various methods were fought. Since 1910`s many Korean young men entered Chinese military academy, took military training, and then joined Chinese army to fight the anti-Japanese war. Some Korean independence movement groups organized Joseon Euiyongdae · Hanguk Cheongnyeon jeonji gongjakdae · Hanguk Gwangbokgun · Joseon Euiyonggun and fought the anti-Japanese war together with Chinese army. The fact that the Chinese Nationalist Party Government(Kuomintang) and the Chinese Communist Party supported Korea`s independence movement was an important example for the coalitional war. Since Sun Wen`s Constitutional Protection Government, the Chinese Nationalist Party Government supported the independence movement of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and the Chinese Communist Party helped Joseondokripdongmaeng`s activities in Yan`an. Especially, the result of Jiang Jieshi`s positive support and effort was that the Cairo Conference of 1943 confirmed Korea should become free and independent after the war. In the 1st half of the 20th century Korea and China went through a lot of suffering and ordeal due to the Japanese invasion. Throughout the process Korea and China deployed the coalitional war against the Japanese empire, and for the result defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion and achieved the liberation and the victory. Korea and China together have the historical experiences defeating the Japanese empire`s invasion. Nonetheless, for over the 70 some years the history of the Korean-Chinese coalitional resistance has not been settled yet. Both Korean and Chinese must remember the communal experiences that they defeated the Japanese empire`s invasion together, and prepare a plan to historically organize them.

서기전 2 세기 전반의 이탈리아의 농업구조의 변화 - 티베리우스 그락쿠스의 토지개혁의 사회 경제적 배경 -

김경현(Kyung Hyun Kim) 단국사학회 1986 史學志 Vol.20 No.1

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고구려 산상왕(山上王)의 취수혼 사건

엄광용 ( Gwang Yong Eum ) 단국사학회 2006 史學志 Vol.38 No.-

삼국시대 인질의 성격에 대하여

양기석(Kee Seuk Yang) 단국사학회 1981 史學志 Vol.15 No.1

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정조대 홍국영(洪國榮)의 정치 활동

정인영 ( Jeong In-young ) 단국사학회 2018 史學志 Vol.57 No.-

Hong Guk-yeong(1748∼1781) was a public officer having served during the period of King Yeongjo and King Jeongjo Dynasty. Strongly supported by King Jeongjo, Hong Guk-yeong led the core state businesses at the early period of King Jeongjo. Soon after Kong Jeongjo was enthroned, he left key civil and military positions in his decision for appointment and married his sister, making him a royal relative by marriage. Like this, Hong Guk-yeong was a man of loyalty to King Jeongjo and personally a relative to the royal family, so he could solidify his position. Despite his importance in the history, it is true that research of Hong Guk-yeong is not sufficient because his service year was short(less than 3 years) and moreover there are not many data left. As a result, we have a superficial impression on him and no effort has long been made to look into him from a new angle for a long time. According to the consciousness of this problem, in this study, I examined the political activities of Hong Guk-yeong by dividing them into four periods. As a result, Hong's political activities were closely related with the management style in early years of the King Jeongjo.

15세기대 왕실사찰 출토 막새의 변천과 製瓦계통 -孝寧大君 李補(1396~1486) 佛事활동을 중심으로-

신은희 ( Shin Eun Hee ) 단국사학회 2022 史學志 Vol.62 No.-

본 연구는 朝鮮 前期 王室佛敎에 있어 대표적인 인물인 孝寧大君을 중심으로 그가 행한 佛事활동 중 寺刹의 重創기록에 주목하였다. 문헌 기록상 효령대군이 중창에 관여했던 사찰은 17여 개소이며, 그중 현재까지 발굴조사가 이루어진 사찰은 9개소이다. 이 사찰들은 왕실의 강력한 후원 아래 지어진 사찰로 이곳에 사용된 건축 부재인 기와는 당시 궁궐과 사찰기와를 대표하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 시간적 범위는 효령대군의 불사기록이 확인되는 세종~성종대이며, 공간적 범위는 도성, 도성 외곽, 지방으로 나누어 검토하였다. 각 사찰에서는 왕실사찰로서 위상을 보여주는 용문, 봉황문 막새를 비롯하여, 사찰로서의 성격을 보여주는 다양한 범자문과 연화문, 명문 막새가 확인되었다. 문양과 함께 주연부 형태, 제작기법을 기준으로 유형을 분류하여 제작시기를 검토하였다. 이를 통해 15세기대 왕실사찰기와의 특징과 변천, 그리고 참여했던 製瓦집단의 계통에 대해 접근해보고자 하였다. 도성에서는 1形, 즉 고려 왕실 기와의 제작기법인 A식(와범충진식+갈퀴흔)이 유지되지만 주연부 형태는 無線이고 부가문양이 없는 단독의 봉황문, 용문, 범자문이 성행하였다. 이러한 1形은 도성과 도성에서 15km이내에 위치하는 도성 외곽 사찰에서 확인된다. 한편 도성 외곽 사찰에서는 2形도 함께 확인된다. 2形은 고려 후기 새롭게 등장하여 조선시대 보편적으로 사용되는 제작기법인 B식(와범압날식+포흔)으로 제작된 것으로, 고려후기부터 전국의 사찰에서 유행하던 다양한 주연부 형태와 연화범자문, 명문 등이 확인된다. 효령대군을 주축으로 왕실사찰의 중창에 참여했던 제와집단은 기술적 계통으로 보아 도성 제와집단(1形)과 사찰 제와집단(2形)의 존재가 상정된다. 도성 제와집단은 A식의 제작기술을 유지하며 특정유형의 용문, 봉황문, 범자문 막새를 제작할 수 있는 瓦工집단으로 기술적 계통을 元에서 이어지는 고려의 중앙(개경)에서 찾을 수 있다. 사찰 제와집단은 B식의 제작기술을 가지고 고려시대부터 사찰기와제작에 참여했던 제와집단에서 계통을 찾을 수 있다. 도성 제와집단은 도성과 도봉산 영국사지, 과천 관악사지 등 도성 외곽 사찰까지 영향이 확인되며, 도성 외곽 사찰에서는 도성 제와집단과 사찰 제와집단이 함께 공존하였음이 확인된다. 그리고 지방사찰까지는 도성 제와집단의 영향이 미치지 않았으며, 사찰 제와집단이 각 지방 사찰과 긴밀한 관계를 갖고 여러 사찰의 중창에 참여하였던 것으로 판단된다. This study focused on the Grand Prince Hyoryeong’s buddhist temple reconstruction records among his buddhist service activities as the representative person in Buddhism supported by royal family in the early Joseon Dynasty. Grand Price Hyoryeong was related to reconstruction of 17 buddhist temple according to literature records and 9 out of 17 places have been under excavation investigate. These buddhist temples were constructed by mighty support of royal family and roof tiles used for those temples could be considered as representative construction material of royal palace and buddhist temple at that time. Covered range of this study is reigning period of Sejong unto Seongjong which confirms the grand prince Hyoryeong’s buddhist service activity record and reviewed with castle town, outer part of castle town and the provinces in the regional view point. Not only roof-end tiles with dragon and phoenix pattern which shows the stature of the buddhist temple supported by royal family but also various roof-end tiles with sanskrit, lotus and inscription pattern reflecting characteristic of buddhist temple were also found in each place. This study figured out the tiles’ manufactured times by separating types from the criteria such as pattern, tile-edge shape, manufacturing method. This kind of approach was performed in the purpose of figuring out the characteristic and change of buddhist temple’s roof tiles in the 15th century and classifying for tile manufacturing groups joined in construction. In the castle town, 1-form that is A-type roof tile manufacturing method(mould forming plus rake mark) of Goryeo Dynasty royal family was maintained. However, the type of tile-edge was lineless and singular phoenix pattern without any additional design, dragon and sanskrit pattern were prevalent. This kind of 1-form were found in castle town and buddhist temples around the castle town within the range of 15km distance. Whereas, 2-form roof tiles were also found at buddhist temples in out part of castle town. The 2-form roof tiles were manufactured in B-type(Mould Press method plus hemp linen mark) method which had newly appeared in late Goryeo and generally used in Joseon Dynasty. Various tile-edge shapes which were prevalent in nation wide buddhist temples from the late Goryeo, Lotus and Sanskrit pattern, inscription pattern and other patterns are found. This study considers there were two bodies of roof tile manufacturers who joined royal family supported buddhist temple reconstruction which was mainly lead by the grand prince Hyoryeong in the view of technical group ; One is the castle town roof tile manufacturing body(1-form) and the other is buddhist temple roof tile manufacturing body(2-form). The castle town roof tile manufacturing group, as a roof tile production engineers body, were able to make specific dragon design, phoenix pattern and sanskrit roof-end tile with maintaining the A-type manufacturing skill. And their technical line could be found in Gaegyong, the center of Goryeo which had been succeeded from Yuan Dynasty. The buddhist temple roof tile manufacturing body’s systemic system having the B-type manufacturing skill could be found in roof tile manufacturing body joined in buddhist temple roof tile production activity from the Goryeo Dynasty. This study confirmed this body had influence on castle town and outer part of it like, Yeongkuksa temple site of Dobongsan, Gwanaksa Temple Site in Gwacheon and these two bodies(castle town roof tile manufacturer and buddhist temple roof tile manufacturer) had been coexisted in buddhist temples at outer part of castle town. Additionally, it appears that castle town roof tile manufacturers’ influence did not’t reach to buddhist temples in the provinces and they joined buddhist temple reconstruction in the close relationship with each province’s buddhist temple.

샤를마뉴 제국의 제위권

배옥남(Ok Nam Bae) 단국사학회 1991 史學志 Vol.24 No.1

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적산 법화원의 불교의식 - 불교 대중화 과정의 일척 -

김문경(Mun Gyong Kim) 단국사학회 1967 史學志 Vol.1 No.1

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