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김영래(Young Lae Kim) 한국기독교학회 2004 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.35 No.-
Electronic media today permeate our daily lives. Although the rise of electronic technologies of communication has occurred very recently indeed, contemporary life seems inconceivable without electronic media. Watching television, listening to radio, or playing video games are parts of the culture and daily routines of modem people. People who participate in those activities, whether willingly or not, gather information, learn behavioral patterns, and acquire ways of thinking. Of the various ways of communicating messages electronic media have, images are seemingly most influential. So called "electronic media images" provide references by which significant changes can be brought about in human thought, the organization of society, and the accumulation of culture. In effect, electronic media images "play a highly important role in orienting us to the events of the world, forming our attitudes toward physical existence, self-images, and values, and coordinating our desires." For young people, particularly, electronic media images may be ones of the most influential life references because today`s young people spend much time with electronic media and are fascinated by them. One survey indicates that they spend three to five hours a day before various kinds of electronic media. They are more likely to be familiar with the total pattern of the world of electronic media than with that of their own world. Their intimacy with electronic media images forms or deforms ways of knowing and ways of experiencing the world. Whether electronic media, in general and their images, in particular, help or disturb young people`s educational process and in what ways they do, must be new and urgent issues for current education. In general, electronic media as an educational environment have been considered a threat to traditional forms of education because young people have seemingly lost interest in reading and writing. For example, television presents a tremendous emotional impact, but it does not allow us to go over what was said a few minutes back, whereas books give us the tools with which to reflect, to think and to imagine. Especially young people seem to be losing one of the benefits of reading and writing, namely, imagination. Many young people no longer enjoy creating images and stories when they are absorbed in the ready -made programs of electronic media. They find little pleasure in conversation or playful expression while they are captured by the power of media. As a result, they seem to lose their capacity of creative imagination. Furthermore, their faculty of imagination often seems manipulated and distorted by the dominant power of electronic media culture, such as their powerful images. Such problems must be the critical issues in our time. The influence of electronic media images on young people`s imagination, especially in religious education, is the major concern of this study. This study examines electronic media images in terms of their characteristics comparing them with religious images. As vehicles of secular value and life - distorting agents, how electronic media manipulate and distort in the world of images will be discussed. This study is chiefly concerned with two questions: what do we need to learn about electronic media images to overcome their distorting power in young people`s imagination? How do we minimize the destructive shaping forces of electronic media images and stimulate their positive power in our teaching and learning activities. As a conclusion this study applies the results of the chapters to religious education. It considers the concrete tasks of Christian education toward electronic media. It synthesizes the ideas of the preceding chapters, extends their implications and presents a method, "critical imagination," as a guiding principle for Christian education in two areas: Critical Imagination for Examination and Critical Imagination for Contemporizing. Young people are attracted to secular va
영성교육의 관점에서 본 홀리스틱 교육운동의 의미 : 발도르프 교육의 지식이해를 중심으로
김영래(Kim Young-Lae) 한국홀리스틱융합교육학회 2003 홀리스틱융합교육연구 Vol.7 No.1
This article is to investigate a meaning of Holistic Education Movement in the perspective of spiritual education. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this article will be focusing on the understanding of knowledge in Waldorf education, in particular, "the experience of knowledge" in its educational practice in contrast to the conception of knowledge in modern education. Here, relying on a historian of American Education at Columbia University, Douglas Sloan"s critique of the conception of modern knowledge, the questions of what the consequences of this view have been, and with what methods Waldorf overcomes the problem of the narrowing of knowledge and knowing, will be asked in order to consider where our spiritual education has been and should go. Sloan specifies the assumptions that implicitly or explicitly portray the educational problems of the century.<BR> Many of the difficulties in modern education derive from the problem of knowledge caused by its narrowing perception and conception. Waldorf education makes the gaining of knowledge a full-fledged human experience. By helping the child to "experience" knowledge that encompasses his body, soul, and spirit, Waldorf education contributes to appreciation of the dignity and the individuality of the growing child. The comprehensive understanding of the child"s development from kindergarten through high school makes Waldorf education advance the holistic experience of knowledge through one"s willing, feeling, and thinking.<BR> As Douglas Sloan writes, "The possibility of a living, harmonious, and meaningful world can only be grasped and realized by a thinking and knowing that are themselves living, whole, and engaged." The education reform we need most today specially in spiritual education is a radical renewal of our thinking that brings us back to the original contact of human being with the world. In this regard, the Waldorf experience of knowledge that is living, whole, and engaged should gain special attention in the current holistic educational reform movement.