Differential Herbicide Response of Sulfonylurea-Resistant Scirpus juncoides Roxb. Accessions to Sulfonylurea Herbicides

Tae-Seon Park(박태선),Hong-Kyu Park(박홍규),In-Yong Lee(이인용),Byung-Chul Moon(문병철),Bon-Il Ku(구본일),Chung-Kil Kang(강충길),Young-Doo Kim(김영두),Jae-Kwon Ko(고재권) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.3

국내 4개 지역의 수집종간 sulfonylurea(SU)계 제초제 저항성을 올챙이고랭이의 저항성 정도 차이를 구명하기 위하여 SU계 제초제들에 대한 식물체 및 acetolactate synthase(ALS) 반응 차이를 감수성 계통과 비교 분석하였다. 김제, 나주 지역에서 채집된 저항성 올챙이고랭들은 SU계 제초제들의 기준량에서 거의 생육에 영향을 받지 않았다. 사용된 SU계 제초체들의 기준량에 대한 김제와 나주지역계통의 생체중은 각각 95~109% 및 90~98%를 보였다. 그란 김해 채집계통의 처리된 설포닐우레아계 제초제들의 기준량에 대한 생체중은 무처리 대비 41~58% 나타내어 중간정도의 저항성을 보였다. 김제와 나주 채집종에 대한 ALS 50% 억제 제초제 농도인 I50은 감수성 채집계통에 비해 각각 283~1,074배 및 157~870배 높게 나타났다. 그러나 서산 채집계통의 I50은 감수성인 수언 채집계통에 비해 5~11배 높게 나타났다. 설포닐우레아계 제초제 저항성 올챙이고랭이에 대한 비설포닝우레아계통 제초제들 중 13종류의 제초제를 시험한 결과 벤조비싸이크론과 부로모부타이드 입제가 매우 효과적이었다. Three sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant Scirpus juncoides Roxb. accessions were tested for levels of resistance to four SU herbicides which have been widely using in paddy fields of Korea since 1990, based on whole plant response and sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase (ALS). Gimje and Naju accessions were not affected to the survival by treatment with recommended doses of all SU herbicides tested. The fresh weight of Gimje and Naju accessions were 95% (ethoxysulfuron) to 109% (bensulfuron-methyl) and 90% (ethoxysulfuron) to 98% (imazosulfuron) to the recommended doses of all SU herbicides tested than the susceptible Suwon accession, respectively. However, the fresh weight for Seosan accession displayed an intermediate response and was only 41% (ethoxysulfuron) to 58% (imazosulfuron) more resistant than the susceptible accession. I50 values the ALS for the Gimje and Naju accessions were 283 (parzosulfuron ethyl)- to 1,074 (bebsulfuron-mthyl)-fold and 157 (bensulfuron-methyl)- to 870 (prazosulfuron-ethyl)-fold higher to the recommended doses of all SU herbicides tested than the susceptible Suwon accession, respectively. However, the I50 value for Seosan accession was 4- to 9-fold more resistant than the susceptible accession, as determined by I50 values of ALS. Benzobicyclone SC and bromobutide GR of alternative herbicides tested showed the very high efficacy to S. juncoides seedlings without rice injury.

Identification and Management of Sulfonylurea-resistant Biotype of Scirpus planiculmis in Reclaimed Paddy Fields, Korea

Tae-Seon Park(박태선),Chung-Kil Kang(강충길),Jae-Eup Park(박재읍),Bon-Il Ku(구본일),Hong-Kyu Park(박홍규),Sita Ram Ghimire(기미어 시다람),Young-Doo Kim(김영두),Jae-Kwon Ko(고재권) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.2

Sulfonylurea(SU)계 제초제에 대한 저항성 새섬매자기가 한국의 서산 간척지 논에서 발생한 것이 확인되었다. SU 제초제 저항성 새섬매자가 발생한 논은 1990년부터 13년 동안 연속적으로 SU계 혼합 제초제를 사용하였다. 온실 조건에서 서산과 무안에서 채취한 새섬매자기 구경을 이식 후 10일에 azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, imazosulfuron 그리고 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl을 처리하였을 때 무안의 새섬매자기는 각 제초제 추천량에서 방제가 되었으나 서산의 새섬매자기는 추천량의 5배량에서도 20-40% 생존되었다. 생체중 50%를 억제하는 각 제초제의 농도(GR50)는 두 지역에서 채취한 새섬매자기 간에 현저한 차이가 있었으며, 서산의 매자기에 대한 6 종류의 GR50은 무안의 새섬매자기 대한 GR50값 보다 47-100배 높게 나타났다. 또한 무안과 서산의 새섬매자기에서 추출한 acetolactate synthase(ALS)에 대한 pyrazosulfuron-ethyl의 50% 억제 농도(I50)각각 0.8 nM과 409 nM로 나타나, 서산의 새섬매자기가 무안의 새섬매자기 보다 511배 높은 저항성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다. SU계 제초제 저항성 새섬매자기를 효과적으로 방제하기 위한 제초제 선발 결과 benzobicyclone이 효과적이었다. 간척지 담수직파논에서는 파종 전에 이행성 비선택성 제초제인 glyphosate SL를 처리한 다음, 파종 후 10일에 benzobicyclone+azimsufuron+metamifop GR를 처리하는 것이 매우 효과적이었다. A suspected biotype of Scripus planiculmis to be resistant to sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides was identified in Seosan reclaimed paddy fields in Korea. The fields have been cultivated for monocultural rice production with wet-direct seeding method and continuously treated with SU-based herbicide mixtures for thirteen years since 1990. In greenhouse studies, 6 different SU herbicides, such as azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, cinosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron imazosulfuron and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, completely controlled the Muan assession of S. planiculmis at the recommended dose rate of each herbicide, however, the Seosan accession of S. planiculmis biotype was survived 20 to 45% even treated with 5 times higher dose of each recommended rate of all herbicides treated. The GR50 values of 6 SU herbicides for Seosan accession of S. planiculmis were 47 to 100 times higher than those for Muan accession of S. planiculmis. The I50 values pyrazosulfuron-ethyl to acetolactate synthase (ALS) extracted from Sean and Muan accession of S. planiculmis were 409 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. The I50 value of Seosan was 511 times higher than that of Muan accession. These results suggested that the Seosan accession of S. planiculmis have strong resistant characteristics to 6 SU herbicides, respectively, indicating that resistance might be due to the alteration in the target site of ALS. In the pot experiment, benzobicyclon having different mechanisms of action from SU herbicides had excellent controlling effects on the resistant biotype when their plant height were applied below 5 cm. The management in reclaimed paddy fields was very effective under the treatment of systematic herbicides such as foliar applied glyphosate SL at 15 days before seeding followed by benzobicyclon-included herbicides at 10 days after seeding.

Characterization of the Acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene and Molecular Assay of Mutations Associated with Sulfonylurea Herbicide Resistance of Monochoria vaginalis

Tae Seon Park(박태선),Hong Kyu Park(박홍규),Bon Il Ku(구본일),Young Doo Kim(김영두),Jae Kwon Ko(고재권),In Yong Lee(이인용),Jae Eup Park(박재읍) 한국농약과학회 2009 농약과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

질소감비조건에서 주요 벼 품종별 재식밀도에 따른 생육 및 등숙특성

박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),최민규 ( Min Gyu Choi ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),고재권 ( Jae Kwon Ko ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),최재성 ( Jae Seong Choi ),김기종 ( Ki Jong Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2010 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

This study was conducted to find out the proper planting density of different cultivars in low N fertilization for high quality rice production from 2006 to 2008. The tested rice cultivars were "Shindongjin" which is heavy panicle type, "Dongjin 1" which is panicle number type and "Hopyeong" which is high tillering type. The planting density were 70, 80 and 90 plants per 3.3 ㎡ respectively, and nitrogen fertilization rate was 70kg per ha. Number of tiller per increased in higher planting density and it was high in Hopyeong and low in Shindongjin. Leaf color value was high in Dongjin 1 without showing difference according to the planting density. Leaf area index increased in high planting density with the highest value in Hopyeong. Increasing rate of stem dry weight was notably high in 90 plants per 3.3 in Dongjin and Hopyeong, while it was linear to the planting density in Shindongjin. Increasing rate of the number of panicle was high in Dongjin 1 and Hopyeong and low in Shindongjin. Percentage of effective tillers was low in low planting density and it was the lowest in Hopyeong which has relatively large number of tillers. The portion of leaf in shoot dry weight was low in high planting density and it was the highest in Dongjin 1. Head rice ratio decreased as planting density increased. Protein content did not show significant difference according to the planting density and was the lowest in Shindongjin. Number of grain per panicle decreased in high planting density and it was in the order of Dongjin 1> Shindongjin> Hopyeong. In panicle weight type cultivars Dongjin 1 and Shindongjin, rice yield was a little higher in 90 plants/3.3 ㎡ than 80 plants/3.3 ㎡. In a tillering type cultivar Hopyeong, rice yield increased in high planting density while there was no significant difference in head rice yield. The number of vascular bundle per panicle was the highest in heavy panicle type Shindongjin, and the lowest in high tillering type Hopyeong. In number of vascular bundle per panicle according to planting density, that of Hopyeong decreased when planting density was higher than 80 plants per ㎡, and that of Shindongjin decreased when planting density was higher than 90 plants per ㎡, but Dongjin 1 didn`t show significant difference according to planting density. The percent of differentiated spikelets according to attached position on rachis branch were 64~55% in lower rachis branch, 92~97% in medium rachis branch and 99~100% in upper rachis branch. So spikelets attached on upper rachis branch showed tendency of more differentiated spikelets. The percentage of spikelets attached on the primary rachis branch increased as the planting density increased in all tested cultivars.

연구보문 : 자연과학; 남부평야지에서 추석전 수확을 위한 벼 생태형별 이앙시기 설정

박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),김영두 ( Tae Seon Park ),남정권 ( Young Doo Kim ),박태선 ( Kwon Jeong Nam ),김보경 ( Bo Kyeong Kim ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

The price of newly harvested rice before Chusoek, the autumn festival celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, is high. However it is difficult for farmers to decide transplanting date with specific cultivars for shipping newly harvested rice before Chusoek because the dates for Chuseok holiday is changing every year based on the Lunar Calendar. This study was conducted to provide farmers a table of rice transplanting dates for each maturity groups by calculating heading dates and ripening periods. The earliest transplanting region were estimated in Daegu and Changwon on April 16, and the latest region was Bonghwa on May 13 when the average temperature for 7 days from transplanting exceeding 15oC. For the early maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 76 and 57 days when they transplanted on May 10 and June 25, respectively. Average temperatures during the periods were 22.1oC and 25.9oC, respectively. However, accumulated temperature was higher in the earlier transplanting due to longer growing days. For the medium maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 95 and 72 days when they transplanted on April 21 and June 4, respectively. Average temperatures during the periods were 20.3oC and 24.7oC, respectively. For the mid-late maturity group, days to heading from transplanting were 108 and 82 days in April 20 and May 23 transplanting, respectively. Average temperatures during the period were 21.5oC and 24.0oC, respectively. As the rice growing is available from May 10 (above 16oC) in southern plain area of Korea, rice growers who transplant on May 10 can sell their newly harvested grain as soon as possible from on September 11 with early maturity group, September 24 with medium maturity group, and October 4 with mid-late maturity group.

연구보문 : 벼 무논직파 재배시 완효성비료 적정시비량

최민규 ( Min Kye Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),이경보 ( Kyeong Bo Lee ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),최원영 ( Won Young Choi ),고재권 ( J 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

벼 무논직파재배시 시비노력 절감 및 쌀 품질을 향상시키기 위하여 2008년 및 2009년에 완효성비료 질소 시비량을 달리하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 쌀수량과 완전미 수량은 관행질소시비량(9 kg/10 a) 대비 80% 수준인 완효성비료를 10 a당 질소 7 kg을 시용하였을 때 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 2. 완효성비료를 10 a당 7 kg정도 시용하면 관행시비(9 kg/10 a) 보다 백미의 단백질함량이 낮아졌다. 3. 완전립 비율은 완효성비료를 10 a당 9 kg을 시용하였을때 유의성은 없으나 관행시비(9 kg/10 a)에 비해 약간 낮았으나, 7 kg/10 a을 시용하였을 때는 관행시비에 비해 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 남부지역에서 벼 무논직파 재배시 벼 생육, 완전미 수량 및 쌀 품질 등 을 고려해 볼 때 완효성비료의 적정 시비량은 10 a당 7 kg정도였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness and optimum rate of the slowreleasing fertilizer (SRF: N-P2O5-K2O = 18-12-13%) for drill seeding on flooded paddy surface by large scale direct drill seeding machine in Honam plain area in 2008 and 2009. To set the optimum rate of the SRF, three levels of nitrogen rate such as 5, 7, and 9kg/10a were compared with conventional compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O = 9-4.5-5.7) application method as basal fertilization, top dressing at tillering stage, and at panicle initiation stage. Yield of milled-rice and head rice response to 7kg/10a rate of SRF were statistically insignificant to the results of conventional fertilization. These results indicate that the amount of nitrogen applied can be reduced by 20 % without reducing the grain yield and quality level. When using 7kg/10a of SRF, the protein content became lower and head rice ratio became higher than that of conventional nitrogen split application method. Considering rice growth, head rice yield and rice quality, the optimum amount of slow-releasing fertilizer was estimated 7kg/10a for direct drill seeding on flooded paddy surface in southern plain area.

벼 2기작 재배를 위한 조기재배 환경에서 벼 생육 및 수량변화

구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),강신구 ( Shin Ku Kang ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),고재권 ( Jae Kwon Ko ),이변우 ( Byun Woo Lee ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.5

This study was carried out to evaluate the possibility of rice double cropping in Korea by assessing the growth and yield performance of rice cultivars transplanted at the extremely-early date. When the transplanted rice seedling was exposed to low temperature below 0oC, the survival rate decreased drastically. However, short exposure to below 0oC one or two times did not damage transplanted rice seedling so severely. Thus, the earliest transplanting in spring would be possible when minimum temperature rises above 0oC. Compared with the conventional seedling nursery tray (CSNT), seedling rearing with the potted nursery tray was more effective for increasing leaf age and seedling dry weight during nursery period. In the first rice cropping, rice cultivation with seedlings reared in PSNT showed shorter growth duration and cumulative temperature from transplanting to heading than that with seedlings reared in CSNT. The earliest heading date on July 4 in Jinbuolbyeo was earlier by two to three days than that of Dunaebyeo. If rice has not exposed to cold damage, the earliest heading date of Jinbujolbyeo can advance to June 30 or July 1. In this case, rice harvest would be possible on August 5, enabling the rice transplanting of the second rice cropping before August 10. At transplanting time with low temperature damage rice yield were less than 400 kg/10a while rice yield exceeded 400 kg/10a at transplanting time without low temperature damage.

연구보문 : 자연과학 ; 호남평야지에서 벼 무논점파 재배시 적정 파종기 구명

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),최원영 ( Won Young Choi ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),김보경 ( Bo 한국국제농업개발학회 2012 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.24 No.3

To recommend optimal rice seeding date for direct hill seeding on puddled paddy surface in Honam plain area, Hopumbyeo (Oryza sativa L.) was seeded 6 times by 10-day interval from April 30 to June 19 in 2009 and 2010. Seedling stand was the highest in two seeding dates, May 20 and May 30, and other seeding dates showed acceptable seedling stand except April 30. Tiller numbers at panicle formation stage were increased up to May 30 and decreased thereafter. Heading date of the seeding on May 20 and May 30 were August 19 and August 23, respectively, and the seeding on June 19 was August 31. In 2009, panicle numbers per m2 was the highest in the seeding on May 20 and decreased in the later seeding dates. However, the seeding on June 19 showed the highest panicle number and the others were not significantly different in 2010. Number of grains per panicle was the highest in the first planting date and was decreasing as seeded later. Milled rice yield was the largest in the seeding date of May 20 in 2009, and in the seedling date of May 30 in 2010. The head rice ratio was increased up to May 20 and similar in the later seeding dates. Protein content was lower in earlier seeding dates. According to the above results, the optimal seeding date of direct hill seeding on puddled paddy in Honam plain area was considered to be May 30. The last seeding date related to the limit date of safe heading was June 19.

연구보문 : 자연과학; 벼 무논점파 재배시 입모 향상을 위한 물관리 방법

최민규 ( Min Kyu Choi ),구본일 ( Bon Il Ku ),강신구 ( Shin Gu Kang ),상완규 ( Wan Gyu Sang ),백남현 ( Nam Hyun Back ),김영두 ( Young Doo Kim ),박홍규 ( Hong Kyu Park ),최원영 ( Weon Young Choi ),박태선 ( Tae Seon Park ),김보경 ( B 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.3

Water management and weed control in rice direct seeding on puddled paddy surface is important for seedling establishment and early growth. To develop management method for enhancing seedling stands and weed control, three experiments were conducted with rice variety Hopum (midmaturing) at experimental station of National Institute of Crop Science, in Iksan in 2010-2011. In experiment 1, germinated rice seeds were sowed on 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after puddling to find the optimum drying days of paddy surface. The average numbers of seedling stands in 2 and 3 days drying were 117 and 114 per m2, respectively, and those were higher than in the 1 and 4 days. Plant height and root length were increased as drying up to 3 days, but decreased in the 4th day. In experiment 2, non-irrigation and intermittent irrigation started 2, 4, and 6 days after seeding were evaluated. The average numbers of seedlings in intermittent irrigation from 2 and 4 days after seeding were 117 and 113 per m2, respectively. The seedlings in irrigation after 6 days was 92 per m2, and 84 per m2 in non-irrigation. Shoot lengths were highest in the irrigation treatments of 2 days and 4 days after seeding. In experiment 3, herbicide was treated on 10, 12, 14, and 16 days after seeding. Rice seedling and root length was increased in the later herbicide treatments. Weeds were not occurred until the 12 days, but observed in the later two treatments. According to these findings, drying paddy for 3 days after puddling, intermittent irrigating after 2 days from seeding, and herbicide treatment on 12 days after seeding is recommended for direct seeding on puddled paddy surface.