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NMR spin relaxation approaches for characterizing protein motions
김양미 한국구조생물학회 2015 Biodesign Vol.3 No.1
Flexibilities in protein conformations are essential for their functions, playing key roles in molecular recognition, ratelimitingconformational transitions, and catalysis. Information on the structure of proteins should be complemented bythe information on their motion, both to characterize the protein and to understand its function. The relationship betweenprotein structure, dynamics, and function is very challenging to study because the conformational space available to aprotein is extensive and the time scales of conformational motions range widely, from picoseconds to seconds. Thesetime scales are accessible by solution NMR making it a suitable technique for investigating the motions in proteins. In thisreview, an introduction to NMR spin relaxation approaches is provided to investigate protein dynamics on picosecondto-second time scales, showing the recent NMR techniques as well as case studies on protein motions. The importanceof dynamic features of proteins for their molecular recognition processes and the catalytic activities of enzymes isdemonstrated using spin relaxation approaches, showing that solution NMR spectroscopy is a unique tool for studyingprotein dynamics.
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김양미,이경재,김주자,정치경 한국직업건강간호학회 2002 한국직업건강간호학회지 Vol.11 No.2
In order to evaluate the factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in small and medium scale industry, the questionnaire survey and the blood pressure measurement were performed on 138 hypertensive patients who were reported to have C or D2 result of hypertension at the workers' periodic health examination from March to November 2001. The contents of questionnaire included the informations of factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients such as, age, sex, marital status, income, education levels, scale, occupation, work duration, smoking and drinking habits, exercise, family history, stress and A type personality, employer's concern, organizational culture, health status, awareness, knowledge and attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The proportion of those who were compliant to the treatment of hypertension was 41.3% of subjects. Among small scale industry less than 50 employees, the rate of therapeutic compliance group was 27.5% and therapeutic noncompliance group was 72.5%. Among medium scale industry more than 50 employees, the rate of therapeutic compliance group was 60.3% and therapeutic noncompliance group was 39.7%. 2. Among therapeutic noncompliance group, 95.1% of patients were aware of the fact that workers have hypertension, and 77.8% of patients got 6-10 marks of hypertension related knowledge. For health education, 27.2% were experienced and 34.6% said no intention to participate. And for hypertension treatment, 9.9% said no need to get the treatment and 44.4% said have no idea whether get treatment or not. 3. The significant factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in small scale industry were work duration, A type personality(anger), health status, attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. 4. The significant factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in medium scale industry were age, occupation, subjective symptom, attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. In consideration of above findings, it was suggested that in order to improve the therapeutic compliance in small and medium scale industry hypertensives, it be necessary to change attitude, perception, knowledge and treatment of hypertension by various methods such as effective health education and individually consulting programs by occupational health professional.
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김양미,김종수,홍성근 韓國受精卵移植學會 2004 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.19 No.2
본 연구는 포유류인 통로의 존재 여부를 확인하기 위하여 수행되었다. 통로는 비흥분성 세포에서 용적변화와 pH 조절, 이온운반계 등에 중요한 역할을 수행하므로 활발한 세포분화가 이루어지는 난자의 생존과 기능에 필수적 통로 존재 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 단일통로 전류를 기록하는 patch clamp 기법을 이용하였다. 세포외(pipette) 용액을 140 mM NaCl로 하고 세포내(bath) 용액을 70 mM, 140 mM, 280 mM NaCl로 바꾸 Chloride() channels play critical roles in cell homeostasis and its specific functions such as volume regulation, differentiation, secretion, and membrane stabilization. The presence of these channels have been reported in all kinds of cells and even in frog oocytes. These essential role of - channels in cell homeostasis possibly play any role in egg homeostasis and in the early stage of development, however, there has been no report about the presence of - channel in the mammalian oocyte. This study was performed to elucidate the presence of - channels in hamster eggs. When allowing only - to pass through the channel of the egg membrane by using impermeant cation such as N-methyl-D-glucamine(NMDG), single channel currents were recorded. These channel currents showed typical long-lasted openings interrupted by rapid flickering. Mean open was 4310.14 ms(n=9, at 50 mV). The open probability(Po) was decrease with depolarization. The current-voltage relation showed outward rectification. Outward slop conductance(325.4 pS, n=22) was steeper than the inward slop conductance(101.3 pS). Under the condition of symmetrical 140 mM NaCl, single channel currents were reversed at 0 mV(n=4). This reversal potential(Erev) was shifted from 0 mV at 140 mM concentration of internal NaCl(140 mM [Na+]i) to -9.80.5 mV(n=4) at 70 mM [Na+]i and 11.51.9 mV at 280 mM [Na+]i(n=4) respectively, strongly suggesting that these are single - channel currents. To examine further whether this channel has pharmacological property of the - channel, specific Cl- channel blockers, IAA-94(Indanyloxyacetic acid-94) and DIDS(4, 4'-diisothiocyan ostillben- 2-2'disulfonic acid) were applied. IAA-94 inhibited the channel current in a dose-dependent manner and revealed a rapid and flickering block. From these electrophysiological and pharmacological resluts, we found the novel - channel present in the hamster oocyte membrane. The first identification of - channel in the hamster oocyte may give a clue for the further study on the function of - channel in the fertilization and cell differentiation.
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