산화물 반도체형 후막 가스센서의 이산화질소 감지 특성

김승렬,운동현,홍형기,권철한,이규정 ( Seung Ryeol Kim,Dong Hyun Yun,Hyung Ki Hong,Chul Han Kwon,Kyu Chung Lee ) 한국센서학회 1997 센서학회지 Vol.6 No.6

The thick films of oxide semiconductors such as WO₃, SnO₂ and ZnO for the NO₂ detection of sub-ppm range have been prepared and their characteristics were investigated. It is showed that the optimum operating temperatures of the sensors are 300℃ and 220∼260℃ for WO₃-based and SnO₂-based thick films, and ZnO-based thick films, respectively. Since the resistance of ZnO-based thick films are extremely high($gt;l0^6Ω), the signal to noise ratio was comparatively low. In order to determine the selectivity, the films are exposed to the interfering gases such as ozone, ammonia, methane and the mixture of carbon monoxide and propane. WO₃-ZnO(3 wt.%) and SnO₂-WO₃(3 wt.%) thick film sensors show high sensitivity, good selectivity, excellent reproducibility and the linearity of NO₂ concentration versus sensor resistance. The preliminary results clearly demonstrated that the sensor can be successfully applied for the detection of NO₂ in sub-ppm range.

'데이터 요소의 생성과 표준화'를 위한 프레임워크

김승렬,Kim, Seung-Ryeol 한국데이터베이스진흥원 1995 디지털콘텐츠 Vol.12 No.-

유럽통합과 식민지 체제 - 유럽정치공동체 계획 ( 1952 - 1954 ) 과 프랑스 -

김승렬(Seung Ryeol Kim) 한국서양사학회 2001 西洋史論 Vol.68 No.1

The European Political Community (EPC) in 1951-54 was to be a `roof organization` for the European Community of Coal and Steel (ECSC), the European Defence Community (EDC) and other sectoral communities in the future, if these should come into being. The EPC project was initiated by France in order to ease the ratification of the European Defence Community Treaty by the French National Assembly, which had demanded from the government that a political authority for the supranational European Army should be created. However, the EPC project did not serve this purpose. This article analyzes the main reason of the failure of the EPC negotiations. The main reason of the failure seemed to be the customs union which was initiated by the Netherlands and talked about within the framework of EPC negotiations. France could not liberalize tariff barriers to the extent that the Netherlands demanded, because since 1951 the French economic situation had become worse, above all France had suffered the bad balance of payment. In the EPC negotiations France was in strong opposition to the Netherlands. But a question is raised: Were the Netherlands strong enough to accomplish their purpose in spite of the opposition of European big powers and the USA? West Germany, Italy and the USA were prepared to support France against the Netherlands if France wanted only a political community as a `roof organization` for the ECSC and the EDC without economic integration for some time. However, France did not want to do so, because another problem arose from the EPC negotiations. If France had wanted it, the Netherlands would have abandoned their plan. The main obstacle due to which France hesitated to drive the EPC negotiations forcedly was the difficult position of the French Union: How could France harmonize the constriction of European Integration, which was mainly directed toward the monitoring of Germany, with the world power position which was based mainly on retaining the colonial system? It seemed that the EPC would in the near future lead to a federation, a framework in which France`s world power status could be dissolved. France was against the final stage of European supranational integration, which it foresaw in the EPC negotiations. In view of this terrible prospect those in France who had advocated the ECSC and the EDC as control functions over West Germany recoiled from the EPC project. In conclusion, the fear that the EPC would break down the French Union played the greatest role in France`s rejection of the EPC project. (Korea University)

언어습득과 생성문법이론 (3)

김승렬 ( Seung Ryeol Kim ) 한국어교육학회 1979 국어교육 Vol.- No.35

언어습득과 생성문법이론 (2)

김승렬 ( Seung Ryeol Kim ) 한국어교육학회 1979 국어교육 Vol.- No.34

서양사 속의 평화 ; 유럽 국제평화의 기획 -세력균형, 국제연맹, 유럽통합의 비교-

김승렬 ( Seung Ryeol Kim ) 한국서양사학회 2011 西洋史論 Vol.0 No.108

This paper tries to make an in-depth comparative analysis of international order between wars and after WWII, based on Kant`s theory on Permanent Peace and Gentz` theory on Balance of Power. The comparative study shows that the system of balance of power in the 19th century has developed into the system of Kantian permanent peace after WWII. International order between wars (Versailles treaties and League of Nations) can be regarded as being transitional from various points of view. European integration has grown to be a peace model in Kantian meaning. However, theories of balance of power and permanent peace should not be considered two different entities opposing each other. The logic of balance of power has worked in and out of European integration. France and the Great Britain played the roles of balance of power against Germany in supranational European Community. It is likely that Western European integration during the Cold War as a whole played the role of balance of power against the USSR. European integration is seemingly opposing the model of balance of power, but in fact have elements of balance of power in the framework of supranationalism. Furthermore, these were not ancillary elements, but essential ones to supranational European integration.

다중 사용자 포즈 추정 및 트래킹 알고리즘의 구현

김승렬(Kim, Seung-Ryeol),안소윤(Ahn, So-Yoon),서영호(Seo, Young-Ho) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2021 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

행정구역 통합의 효과분석: 구조조정 및 비용절감효과를 중심으로

김승렬 ( Seung Ryeol Kim ) 한국지방행정연구원 2011 地方行政硏究 Vol.25 No.3

This study investigated how city-county consolidation had impacted the administrative efficiency of relevant local governments since 1995, when 40 consolidated cities were newly created. The 39 consolidated cities, except Ulsan Metropolitan City, are used to analyze the effect of city-county consolidation on the administrative efficiency, especially downsizing and cost reduction, comparing with 23 non-consolidated ones. To estimate the consolidation effect, 5 dependent variables were selected representing cost and size aspects. Those are public employees per 1,000 residents, the number of town office, per capita operating cost, per capita labor cost, and per capita stuff cost. Independent variables influenced on administrative efficiency are the occurrence of consolidation, urban size, and fiscal independence ratio. The findings of impact on downsizing and cost reduction are as follows: 1) Public employees per 1,000 residents and the number of town office are not found to be significantly influenced by both consolidation and population size. 2) Consolidated cities are not found to experience significantly different decrease rates in per capita operating cost. But small cities are inclined to show growth rates in operating costs. 3) Per capita labor cost is found to be significantly influenced by the consolidation: positively in the short term and negatively in the long term. 4) In the long term, per capita stuff cost is found to be negatively influenced by the consolidation. Based on the findings, it can be recommended that forthcoming consolidation reform should be implemented with regard to long term effect. And we should consider that consolidation effect might be varied according to urban size.

완문 포유 시고

김승렬 ( Seung Ryeol Kim ) 한국어교육학회 1981 국어교육 Vol.- No.38

장애인의 직업유지와 대인적 지지 필요의 상태변화가 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

김승렬(Kim, Seung Ryeol),송진영(Song, Jin Yeong) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2016 社會科學硏究 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 장애인들의 직업유지와 대인적 지지 필요의 상태변화가 생활만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국장애인고용공단에서 조사한 제1차년도(2008년)에서 제7차년도(2014년)까지의 ‘장애인 고용패널’ 자료를 이용하였으며, 장애인 3,225명을 추출하여 SPSS를 이용하여 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 직업유지상태의 변화와 생활만족도 간을 동태적으로 살펴본 결과, 지속적으로 직업을 유지한 경우와 미취업에서 취업으로 전환된 경우에 생활만족도에 정적(+)인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 대인적 지지 필요의 상태변화를 동태적으로 살펴본 결과, 장애인들은 지속적으로 도움이 필요 없는 경우와 과거에 도움이 필요했다가 현재 도움이 필요 없게 전환된 경우에 생활만족도에 정적인 영향관계를 보였다. 본 연구는 장애인의 직업유지와 대인적 지지 필요의 종단적 변화가 생활만족도에 어떠한 영향력이 있는지를 동태적으로 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이를 토대로 몇 가지 제언을 하였다. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of status change of employment and interpersonal support need on life satisfaction of disabled person. For the study, 3,225 data derived from the 1st wave and the 7th wave data providing at Korea Employment Agency for the Disabled were utilized. To analyze the data, SPSS program was used. The result was as follows. (1) Employment"s maintenance and employment"s status change from non-employment status to employment status were positively effected on life satisfaction of disabled person. (2) Status change of interpersonal support need was positively effected on life satisfaction of disabled person in case interpersonal support need was non-support continuously and interpersonal support need was changed from support status to non-support status. This study has a significance in terms of discovering whether there are any influences of longitudinal status change of employment and interpersonal support need on life satisfaction of disabled person. Based on the results, it was proposed to improve life satisfaction of disabled person.