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독립적인 소규모 발전회사들이 발전시장 경쟁에 미치는 영향
김수덕(Suduk Kim),김영산(Yung-San Kim) 한국경제연구학회 2009 한국경제연구 Vol.27 No.-
전력현물도매시장은 수요의 가격탄력성이 거의 제로에 가깝다는 특성을 가지며, 공급스케줄을 입찰하는 발전회사들의 입찰방식도 독특하다. 이런 시장에서는 일반적인 시장지배적 사업자 기준보다 작은 시장점유율을 보유한 발전회사도 시장균형을 조작하여 이윤을 증대시킬 수 있는 주축기업(pivotal player)이 된다. 반면에 전력도매시장이 주축기업들로만 구성된 시장구조에 비하여 소규모 가격수용자들이 일부 시장을 점유하는 경우에, 균형가격이 크게 낮아질 수 있다. 본 연 구는 공급함수균형(Supply Function Equilibrium)모형에 현재 우리나라 발전시장의 비용구조와 시장구조 자료를 적용하여, 전체 용량의 4% 내외를 가격수용자 기업들이 보유하는 경우의 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 의하면, 이들 기업의 존재는 도매시장의 균형가격을 4% 이상까지 낮출 수 있으며 수요의 가격반응성이 낮은 시장일수록 그 효과가 더 크다. The wholesale spot market for electric power is peculiar in that the price elasticity of demand is extremely low and the power companies submit their bids in supply schedules. Because of these attributes, a firm with a moderate market share can become a pivotal player capable of manipulating the market equilibrium to its advantage. However, the same attributes enable small price-taking power companies to affect the market price significantly even when their market share, as a group, is minimal. This paper uses a linear supply function equilibrium model and the bidding data from Korean CBP(cost-based pool) market to measure the impact of the existence of small price-taking companies in a hypothetical price-bidding wholesale power market. The result shows that, when four percent of total capacity is held by small price-taking firms, the price is lower by around four percent than when all the capacity is held by pivotal players.
Renewable Energy Potentials and Promotion Policies in Indonesia
김수덕(Kim, Suduk),Yurnaidi, Zulfikar 한국신재생에너지학회 2010 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.11
For Indonesia, sustainable energy supply is an important factor to preserve the stable economic growth. One important strategy is development of renewable energy, which has not been fully exploited yet. The paper examines the potency of renewable energy in Indonesia. Currently, biomass composes 23% of total primary energy supply, while geothermal and hydropower has a combined share of 3%. But according to the overall potency of renewable energy, hydropower is found to have the highest available resource of 76 GW, followed by biomass and geothermal by 49.81 GW and 28.53 GW, respectively. Although the solar radiation is only at modest level (4.80kWh/m²/day), the tropical all year sunlight can boost the competitiveness of solar photovoltaic and thermal application. As for wind energy, the average speed of 3-6 m/s requires the development of low speed wind turbine. The examination of electricity and petroleum product prices through international comparison for non-OECD countries shows fifth lowest price level for both of petroleum products and electricity for industrial use. As for household electricity price, Indonesia is placed the second among all the countries compared. The energy subsidy and price structure are examined in detail because it could be a source of hindrance to renewable energy promotion. The examination of renewable energy potency in this study could provide insights about recent development of renewable energy in Indonesia. As an outcome of policy examination, the price comparison analysis suggests Indonesia to reduce or even remove the energy subsidies in the long run. These findings can be utilized to formulate effective policies for renewable energy promotion.
김수덕(Suduk Kim),손양훈(Yang-Hoon Sonn) 에너지경제연구원 2008 에너지경제연구 Vol.7 No.2
본 연구는 용량가격의 결정과 정산단가가 제도의 변화에 따라 어떤 요인에 의해 결정되어 왔는지를 한국전력거래소의 비용평가위원회의 자료 등을 근거로 분석하여 본다. 용량가격은 용량이 아닌 실제 주어진 연료가격의 상황변화 등에 의해 영향을 받아왔음을 확인하였고, 첨부발전의 정산단가를 염두에 둔 비용평가위원회의 회의가 기저발전의 정산단가에 통계적으로 매우 유의한 영향을 미쳤음을 보여주고 있다. 실증분석의 결과는 발전회사간의 수지불균형해소를 위한 노력이라는 잦은 규제변화가 오히려 전력산업의 진입에 불확실성을 가중시켜 시장진입유인을 감소시킬 수 있음을 간접적으로 보여주고 있다. With a special attention given to the information on cost evaluation committee in Korea Power Exchange, an empirical analysis is performed to examine the determination process of wholesale power price. It is found that capacity payment has been determined by other factors such as fuel prices than marginal power plant capacity. It is also found that final settlement price of base load power has been systematically affected by the decision of cost evaluation committee under her consideration of peak load power settlement price. This empirical result indirectly shows that efforts to minimize the imbalance of profit among subsidiary power companies owned by KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) via arbitrary regulatory changes may increase the uncertainty and, in turn, deter new market entry in power sector.
가격체계를 이용한 전력과 가스의 수요관리와 기후변화대응
김수덕(Suduk Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2009 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.4 No.1
For the active response to climate change, finding a way to lowering energy consumption without a big burden on consumer is a purpose of this research. Residential power and city gas demand are analyzed using ARDL(Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model to see the impact of the proper implementation of relative energy price system for the purpose of demand side management. First, power and city gas demand are separately analyzed and a simulation is done for new price scenarios concerning summer and winter, where summer is the high time for power demand while winter is for both power and city gas. Result shows that energy expenditure may be less affected with the gas price so that the lower energy demand for the total of gas and power could be accomplished with the combination of relatively less lowered power price with higher gas price.
상업·공공용 건물에너지의 지역별 소비 특성을 반영한 GCAM-Korea 모형 개선
김문태(Muntae Kim),김선숙(Sunsook Kim),김수덕(Suduk Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2020 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.27 No.6
Information on provincial level energy consumption pattern of commercial and public buildings, which account for about 49% of domestic building energy as of 2016, is not available yet. In this study, the analysis of provincial level energy consumption characteristics of overall commercial and public buildings is conducted, including small and medium-sized commercial and public buildings. Provincial level building energy consumption pattern is derived, utilizing 2017 Energy Consumption Survey for Commercial and public buildings conducted by KEEI (Korea Energy Economics Institute), presented in aggregated form by sector, fuel, and energy use type, without regional information, and 2017 population census on building establishments conducted by National Statistics Office, Korea. This disaggregated information resulting from this analysis is applied to GCAM-Korea (Global Change Assessment Model-Korea) for the better representation of the details of commercial and public buildings energy characteristics. As the result, the data show different energy consumption characteristics at provincial level. It is found that existing GCAM-Korea underestimates cooling and heating electricity energy while it overestimates other use types of electricity for commercial and public buildings at all regions. The results of this study shed light on regional energy plan for commercial and public buildings.