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구인환 ( Koo In-hwan ),박창선 ( Park Chang-seon ),추진호 ( Choo Jin-ho ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2021 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.2
현장 타설되는 개착구조물, 재래식터널, NATM과는 달리 공장제작의 세그먼트는 운용과 더불어 제작, 운송, 조립 등의 절차로 인한 다양한 결함이 조사되고 있다. 국내 지하철 11개소의 세그먼트라이닝에서 조사된 균열은 위치 및 방향을 고려하여 발생원인과 유지관리에서 고려되어야 할 사항들을 분석하였다. 제작 및 운송 중에 발생되었을 결함은 육안조사만으로 구분이 불가하나 시공여건과 현장별 반복된 균열특성을 통합적으로 분석하여 균열패턴을 정립하고자 하였다.
韓國現代女流作家의 技法 : 技法의 硏究 Study of techniques in fiction
丘仁煥 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1970 아시아여성연구 Vol.9 No.-
Ours is called an age of novels. The tank of fiction should be not only representation of human life and creation of new human types, but also an earnest effort to protect humanity from being choked under the suppression of mechanism and mammonism. Fiction should illuminate a way to the salvation of humanity. The rise of present-day novels in the early part of this century has much to do with the Alfred Dreyhus case and technical innovation. The Dreyhus case has been instrumental in directing Jean Paul Sartre to the advocate of literature of engagement. The technical innovation which was initiated in the form of stream of consciousness in psychological novels written by such writers as M. Proust, J- Joyce and D. Richardson bas finally resulted in a new frontier for fiction. Thus, the present-day novels may be regarded as a literature for human salvation' which consists of a variety of new techniques. This is an attempt to inquire into the nature and characteristics of the techniques which out, present-day woman writers are availing themselves of in their composition of fiction. Since the dawn of the new literature movement in this land, in the wake of Kim Myung-soon, many of our woman writers have been engaged in creative writing. It is regretable, however, that they are still far from being able to form a distinctive literary current of their own. Nevertheless, Kang Sin-je, Park Kyung-ri and Han Mal-sook are the woman writers who have produced novels of peculiar techniques. Kang Sin-je has much concern with the destiny and misery of women as the subject matter of her stories; she likes to employ the objective point of view (author-observer narration) and to present flat characters. Besides, she is fond of using sensual description and consecutive display of images. One of lier favorite methods is to place especial emphasis on the exposition and ending part of the plot. Exquisitiveness of dialogue and a simple and plain style also achieve a remarkable effect in lier fiction. The motivation of Park Kyung-ri's novels is a distrust in human society or a special concern about human relations. She likes to describe round characters in a dry style; by the method of emphasis of situations she manifests per merit in visualizing per characters with effect. Han Mal-sook, with a conviction that literature is a source of human life, tries to depict the various types of modern men by using the objective point of view (author-observer narration) in a simple but sensual style. Though it is hard to believe that these technical devices have contributed to the attainment of literature of human salvation, no doubt works of our woman writers deserve to be regarded as a gem of our literary heritage.
韓國 現代小說에 나타난 女人像 : 小說의 性格硏究 Study of Character
丘仁煥 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1969 아시아여성연구 Vol.8 No.-
We can not successfully criticize literary works through the external approach by the in essessential elements of ideas, biographies and morals but through the approach by the internal elements-- through the analysis and synthesis of the very conditions of works. Both New Criticism by J.C. Ronsom and Stylistics Criticism by L. Spitzer have the tendency to understand and evaluate literary works in such a method. Only after going through the analytical process may a work be put to meta-criticism. Similarly the study of novels should not end with appreciation of works by mere impressions. As a novel is a combination of various elements such as theme, plot, character, setting and style, it should be appreciated through observing its formation in the opposite order of its structural process. Of those elements, the $quot;character$quot; is apparently materialized to be a human , type of eternal life. In fact, whether a work fails or succeeds depends principally upon whether the creation of characters fails or succeeds. Here I will illustrate the types of women in modern Korean novels specified from various points of view: a flat, round character, a mixed character, a static and developing character, a typical and particular character, a contrast of a hero and foil, s protagonist and an antagonist. And there are direct and indirect presentations in characterization. The former is called the expository and analytical method, and the latter the dramatic method. This characterization should be done in such ways as to be appropriate to the plot, and setting to materialize the theme of a work, not in the same way with all the literary work. $quot;Love$quot; by Kwang Soo Lee, the pioneer of modern Korean Literature manifests $quot;an eternal woman$quot; by creating a flat character of Soon-Ok Souk and Bin An and make the character apparent by the foil of vanity. In $quot;Potato$quot; by Dong-In Kim, who perfected the movement of, 言文一致 he shows $quot;비극의 배양토.$quot; by turning Boknier from flat character to round character. Yum Sang Sup who had written $quot;novel of realism$quot; beginning with $quot;標本室의 청개구리$quot; shows two meanings of bankruptcy by creating two characters, one flat character, Mother of Jomrye, who was bankrupted, and the other character-bankrupted round character mokrim, by means of the analytical method. We should criticize, by the internal approach, our novels of Korean literature that has characterized the flat character through the analytical method.