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GC/MS를 이용한 담배연기중 Melamine과 Cyanuric Acid 분석
곽호근,이수현,임흥빈,Kwak, Ho-Geun,Lee, Soo-Hyun,Lim, Heung-Bin 한국연초학회 2009 한국연초학회지 Vol.31 No.2
In this study, we investigated the existence of melamine and cyanuric acid in cigarette smoke because leaf tobacco contains lots of nitrogen compounds and they are capable of pyrolytic synthesis while smoking. The extraction and derivatization conditions of two compounds were performed according to the procedure of U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). Ky3R4F as reference cigarette was smoked on ISO condition(Puff volumne : 35 ml, duration : 60 sec, Interval : 2 sec). Compared with the results Ky3R4F and standard solution, retention time of two compounds was not corresponded. As a result, we concluded that melamine and cyanuric acid were not existed in cigarette smoke.
Thread filter에 가향 처리된 권련담배 주류연에서 호프만 성분의 측정
곽호근,이진희,임흥빈 충북대학교 연초연구소 2009 煙草硏究 Vol.22 No.-
소비자가 원하는 향끽미 유지를 위한 담배 각초 가향은 연소하면서 일부 열분해 나열합성되어 Mainstream중 유해성분 생성원인이 될 수 있다. 그러나 Thread filter 가향은 이런 효과를 방지할 뿐만 아니라 향강도를 조절하여 원하는 향끽미를 유지할 수 있는 장점이 있어 최근 Thread filter 가향에 대한 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. Thread filter 가향이 담배연기 중 좋지 않은 성분에 이행을 증감시켜 주는 지를 검증하기 위하여 Thread filter에 제라니움과 카모마일 essential oil을 각각 8% 처리한 권련담배와 대조군을 중량 0.85 ± 0.05 g, 공기희석율 66.0 ± 3.0 %, 흡인저항 84.0±5.0mmH20로 선별하고, 주류연 중의 호프만 성분의 함량을 비교하였다. 담배연기 Mainstream중의 제라니움 주성분인 geraniol의 이행량은 0.051 ppm/cig이었으나 카모마일 오일의 주성분인 linalool의 이행량은 trace 양으로 검출되었다. 한편, 호프만 성분 중에서 HCN 함량은 Thread filter에 제라니움과 카모마일 오일을 처리한 권련이 대조군에 비해 약간 낮고 아세트 알데하이드는 오히려 대조군에서 높은 경향을 나타내었으나 통계적으로 두 성분 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 formaldehyde와 isoprene의 함량은 가향 처리한 담배의 주류연에서 대조군에 비해 높았으며(p<0.05), 그 이외의 카보닐 화합물, 페놀성 화합물, 나프틸 아민류 및 휘발성 성분 등과 같은 호프만 성분의 함량은 대조군과 가향 처리한 권련과 통계적으로 유의한 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 Thread filter에 가향 처리는 담배연기 주류연에서 호프만 성분 중 일부 저분자량의 fomaldehyde와 isoprene과 같은 성분의 함량에는 영향을 미칠 수 있을 가능성이 있지만 그 이외의 성분 함량에는 큰 변화를 주지 않을 것으로 판단된다. Adding the aromatics to tobacco in order to maintain the flavors at the consumer's require in cigarette smoke can be a factor of detrimental compounds formation to health, while burning. However, many research have reported that adding the flavors to thread filter had the advantage of prevention harmful components to generate, as well as maintenance the flavors in cigarette smoke. We analysed the Hoffman's list components in mainstream, after conditioning and adding the thread filter to 8% essential oils extracted from Geranium and Camomile. The selection condition of experimental cigarettes was 0.85 ± 0.05g in weight, 84.0 ± 5.0 mmH₂O in pressure drop, and 66.0 ± 3.0 % in air ventilation. Transfer rate of geraniol, major compound, to mainstream of Geranium treated cigarette was 0.051 mg/cig. HCN content in oil treated cigarette was lower than the control, acetaldehyde content was higher than the control without any significance. But, the concentration of formaldehyde and isoprene in mainstream was only higher than the control. The concentration of carbonyl, phenolic, volatile compounds, and naphthylamines of Hoffman's list was no big difference significantly. Therefore, these results indicate that contents of most of Hoffman's list compounds in mainstream was influenced greatly by adding the flavor to thread filter of cigarettes, although molecules with low molecular weights such as formaldehyde and isoprene could be affected.
담배연기 응축물과 Lipopolysaccharide의 투여로 유발된 COPD에 대한 백지 추출물의 억제효과
곽호근,임흥빈 한국약용작물학회 2011 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.19 No.5
This study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effect of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (ADR) extract on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. COPD was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS and CSC 5 times for 12 days; this increased airway hyperresoponsiveness (AHR) and inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). ADR extract was administered orally at a dose of 50 and 200 mg/kg. The concentration of imperatorin, a major component of ADR and therefore used as a measure of quality control, was 0.098%±0.018%. Treatment of the mice with ADR extract (50 and 200 mg/kg) alleviated AHR and reduced inflammatory cell counts. Treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA; 10 mg/kg) also modulated AHR and reduced inflammatory cells effectively. Compared with CSA treatment, treatment with ADR (50 mg/kg) extract reduced neutrophil and CD4+/CD3+ cell counts by 22.67% and 44.92%, respectively. In addition, compared with CSA treatment, treatment ADR 200 mg/kg reduced neutrophils, CD4+/CD3+ cells and CD8+/CD3+ cells, by 32.10%, 83.17% and 82.11%, respectively. These results indicate that ADR extract may have an inhibitory effect on COPD induced by LPS and CSC in mice.
생쥐에서 급성 폐렴에 대한 여정자 열매 추출물의 억제효과
곽호근,임흥빈 한국약용작물학회 2013 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.21 No.5
Traditionally, Ligustrum lucidum fruits (LL) is one of the well-known oriental herb used in the treatment of skin and lung inflammation. This study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of LL in the pathogenesis of acute pulmonary inflammation in mice. Acute pulmonary inflammation was induced by intratracheal instillation of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 5 times within 12 days in mice. LL extract was administered orally at a dose of 50 or 200 mg/kg. Administration of LPS and CSC significantly elevated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mice, and increased in the levels of inflammatory cells and mediators in mice. However, the LL extract significantly reduced the elevated AHR, and the increase of neutrophils, CD4+/CD3+ cells and CD8+/CD3+ cells, along with reducing the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and MIP-2. Moreover, the LL extract alleviated the infiltration of inflammatory cells in expanded airway walls histologically. These results indicate that the LL extract has an inhibitory effects on acute pulmonary inflammation and AHR in murine model, and plays a crucial role as a immunomodulator which possess anti-inflammatory property.