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팔당호의 (八堂湖) 방사환경 (放射環境) 및 열수지(熱收支)
공동수,윤일병,류재근 ( Dong soo Kong,Il Byong Yoon,Jae Keun Ryu ) 한국하천호수학회 1996 생태와 환경 Vol.29 No.1
Lake Paldang is a man-made shallow lake with tributaries showing dendritic pattern. In case that solar energy at the outer airspace of Lake Paldang is considered as 100%, incident solar radiation at the lake surface occupies 41.8% as 107,602 gcal ·cm^-2 ·yr^-1; absorbed, reflected, and scattered solar energy in the air 30.7%; absorbed and reflected solar energy by cloud 27.5%, net-back radiation 18.4%; not solar energy 19.2%; evaporative heat loss 17.9%; latent heat loss after evaporation 1.4%; sensible heat intake and net-advected outflowed heat energy are 1.2% respectively; heat storage is -0.07%. Euphotic depth is about 2.5 times than transperance(Secchi Disc depth), and annual mean euphotic depth is 4.4 m. The coastal slope of lake substratum is so weak that the coastal euphotic area occupies 41.1% of total surface area and the littoral zone occupies 16% of the lake surface area. Ecological solar energy intake efficiency by annual gross primary production of phytoplankton with aquatic macrophytes is so high as 0.40%.
공동수,윤일병,류재근 ( Dong soo Kong,Il Byong Yoon,Jae Keun Ryu ) 한국하천호수학회 1996 생태와 환경 Vol.29 No.1
Lake Paldang is an impounded stream which has dendritic tributaries in upstream area. The effluent ratio to the total rainfall in the drainage area is high upto 56.9% and Horton`s formation factor of the drainage basin is 0.162. Due to the shallowness(mean depth: 6.4 m), high fluctuation of water level, and high areal ratio of drainage basin to lake surface(the ratio: 628), lake ecosystem has tendency to be fragile, especially during the flooding period. Total precipitation in the drainage basin is 29,428×10^6 m^3·yr^-1 and the lake inflow is 16,686×10^6 m^3 ·yr^-1. Surface inflow occupies 99.7% and rainfall inflow in the lake surface is 0.3% of total inflow. Water volume used to generate eclectic power occupies 56.9% of total outflow; that used as drinking and industrial water supplies occupies 4.4%, and overflow during flooding period occupies 35.9%. Daily water level varies from `0`to 63 cm. The can be attributable to the high fluctuation of upstream discharge flow at Chongpyong dam. This fluctuation often causes flow direction at Kyongan stream to be reversed and ecosystem in upper layer of the lake to be disturbed. Hydraulic flushing rates and hydraulic retention times vary from 41 yr^-1 to 140 yr^-1 and 2.6days ·yr^-1 to 9.0 days ·yr^-1 respectively.
공동수 ( Dong Soo Kong ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the main cause of water quality deterioration during the spring season in the transition zone between the South Han River and the river-reservoir Paldang. A water quality model modified from QUAL2E (U.S.EPA) was used, and the model showed that eutrophication and algal production in the low flow season affected about 60% of the organic pollution at the downstream of the South Han River. This result means that phosphorus control is prior to external organic material management to ameliorate the deterioration of water quality in the water body.
소양강댐 유역의 유출 자동보정을 위한 SWAT-CUP의 적용 및 평가
공동수 ( Dong Soo Kong ),최재완 ( Jae Wan Choi ),강현우 ( Hyun Woo Kang ),류지철 ( Ji Chul Ryu ),장춘화 ( Chun Hwa Jang ),금동혁 ( Dong Hyuk Gum ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ) 한국물환경학회 2012 한국물환경학회지 Vol.28 No.3
The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) should be calibrated and validated with observed data to secure accuracy of model prediction. Recently, the SWAT-CUP (Calibration and Uncertainty Program for SWAT) software, which can calibrate SWAT using various algorithms, were developed to help SWAT users calibrate model efficiently. In this study, three algorithms (GLUE: Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation, PARASOL: Parameter solution, SUFI-2: Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver. 2) in the SWAT-CUP were applied for the Soyang-gang dam watershed to evaluate these algorithms. Simulated total streamflow and 0~75% percentile streamflow were compared with observed data, respectively. The NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) and R2 (Coefficient of Determination) values were the same from three algorithms but the P-factor for confidence of calibration ranged from 0.27 to 0.81 . the PARASOL shows the lowest p-factor (0.27), SUFI-2 gives the greatest P-factor (0.81) among these three algorithms. Based on calibration results, the SUFI-2 was found to be suitable for calibration in Soyang-gang dam watershed. Although the NSE and R2 values were satisfactory for total streamflow estimation, the SWAT simulated values for low flow regime were not satisfactory (negative NSE values) in this study. This is because of limitations in semi-distributed SWAT modeling structure, which cannot simulated effects of spatial locations of HRUs (Hydrologic Response Unit) within subwatersheds in SWAT. To solve this problem, a module capable of simulating groundwater/baseflow should be developed and added to the SWAT system. With this enhancement in SWAT/SWAT-CUP, the SWAT estimated streamflow values could be used in determining standard flow rate in TMDLs (Total Maximum Daily Load) application at a watershed.
와이블 분포함수를 이용한 저서성 대형무척추동물의 종수-조사면적 관계 해석
공동수 ( Dong Soo Kong ),김아름 ( Ah Reum Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.2
The relationship between the number of benthic macroinvertebrate species and the accumulated survey area were investigated in a clean stream and an impaired stream of Korea. Five models to characterize species-area functions were compared, and the Weibull model fitted species-area data well. The other models (Arrhenius, Romell-Gleason, Kylin, Lognormal model) had small or notable bias. The maximum number of species and half-saturation area derived from the Weibull model may be used as the indicators of the carrying capacity and the habitat complexity respectively.