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        2000년대의 바람직한 노인복지 대안

        고양곤 서강대학교 생명문화연구원 1997 생명연구 Vol.3 No.-

        Several developed nations of the West that have already faced the old-age community have realized that income guarantee and medical-insurance problems cannot be solved by individual or family effort and that the problems regarding the elderly cannot be fundamentally solved by the government's selective and restrictive security policies. Therefore, they have started to set up a long-term and comprehensive welfare policy for the senior citizens. Just like the Western society, we will soon face and old-age community. With the old-age community imminent in the year 2000, we have reached a stage where we need to refer to the knowledge, technology and experience in the old-age welfare process from the developed nations, and formulate a old-age welfare plan that tends to our own situation. In this aspect, this paper investigates the starting point of old-age problems; reviews the current old-age welfare services both in and out of the country; and explores a desirable old-age plan for the year 2000. The starting point of old-age problems may be the increase in the number of senior citizens in rural areas and the increase in the number of the aged citizens who live separately from their family - due to the change in family relations and the weakened consciousness of the children to support their elderly parents. Old-age problems eventually conclude to an economic problem. Contrary to the increased desire to be employed, early employment opportunity for the aged is even more difficult owing to early retirement, honorary retirement, voluntary retirement and forced retirment in companies. So these social circumstances fail to respond to the increase in the number of the aged and the increase in the desire to be employed. Even though our country's old-age welfare policy is carried out in various ways, it fails to be productive bacause of the dire lack of budget. A policy measure for this reality would be to establish a plan that meets the demands of the aged, to pluralize the old-age reemployment resources, to increase the payment for the low-income citizens, and to set up health and medical services for the aged citizens. Other things that need to be carried out are the following: improving the old-age accommodation environment, improving the facility and protection level, expanding home-care services for the elderly, and providing more opportunities for old-age leisure activity. Now we are facing the era of old-age community. Our foremost assignment is to develop comprehensive and systematic old-age welfare program so that aged citizens can enjoy a healthy and happy life in their old-age. Old-age problem is social problem. Assuming that supporting the elderly refers to supporting the society, the government, businesses, religious groups, social organizations, neighbors and the whole family should unite to improve the old-age welfare. Only then, our senior citizens will finally be able to carry on a satisfactory old-age life in a healthy and safe environment.

      • 國際收支變動과 外換市場介入에 관한 硏究

        高良坤,金世鍾 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

        Due to the increasing liberalization of capital, foreign capital inflows are increasing. Despite the deficit in the account balance, the capital account surplus has significantly increased. The abrupt foreign capital inflows has caused the balance of payments and foreign exchange rates to be unstable. The foreign sector is anxious to increase its money supply to fight an increase in inflation. To counteract these problems one of the macroeconomic policies that can be implemented is foreign exchange market intervention. Foreign Exchange market intervention is an effective policy for alleviating the overvariation in the foreign exchange rate This policy can also maintain an appropriate foreign exchange rate level. This type of a foreign exchange market intervention has been adopted in many countries as a means of stabilizing external trades and achieving macroeconomic objective. In this paper we researched the theoretical possibilities of a foreign exchange rate market intervention system and surveyed various forms of this system and the effects of intervention in many countries. According to results from the statistical analysis, increasing the money supply in proportion to the surplus of capital accounts has offset the augmentation of the issuance of monetary stabilization bonds. Also, the results of the estimation of the exchange rate equation are remarkably, statistically significant.

      • 道德的 危態에 대한 經濟的 對應 方案

        高良坤,崔錫奎 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.42 No.-

        The efficiency of a competitive market equilibrium depends on all of the decentralized decision-makers having full information. The market mechanism itself plays an informational role by conveying information in the form of relative prices to decision-makers about the relative costs and benefits of different actions. It is obvious that perfect insurance and financial markets of the type required for pareto optimality do not exist on practice. It is useful to consider the reasons why insurance and financial markets may fail to exist and why those that do exist may not exploit all of the mutual benefits to risk-sharing. Two types of informational externalities impede the functioning of insurance and financial markets, generally referred to as adverse selection and moral hazard. One way to distinguish between adverse selection and moral hazard is to remember that adverse selection in a problem of asymmetric information before entering into a transaction, whereas moral hazard is a problem of asymmetric information after the transaction has occurred. The problems created by adverse selection and moral hazard are an important impediment to well functioning insurance and financial markets, so market failure occurs because of those problems. Hence the purpose of this paper is to examine and analysis the problems of adverse selection and moral hazard, and then to seek the economically corresponding schemes of asymmetric information from adverse selection and moral hazard. For this purpose, this paper consists of four major sections Chapter Ⅰ involves the necessity, the purpose of this study. Chapter Ⅱ. explains the nature of risk, peril and hazard. In chapter Ⅲ. this paper will analysis the market failure from the asymmetric information of adverse selection and moral hazard. Also it explains the theoretical models of moral hazard. Finally chapter Ⅳ offers the economically corresponding schemes of the problems from adverse selection and moral hazard, and the conclusion. That is, there are some solutions such as lump-sum tax-financed subsidies on locks·burglar and smoke alarms, private production and sale of information, government regulation, financial intermediation, collateral and net worth, monitoring and enforcement of restrictive covenants etc.

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